Abstract
A new species, Lappula botschantzevii, is described from the desert zone of North-Western Africa. The new species belongs to the section Lappula and is close to the species L. patula, from which it differs in a smaller corolla, a scorpioid inflorescence (bilateral flowers) with loosely spaced flowers, a heteromorphic coenobium with two types of eremocarps: A) winged with glochids and a large number of spines along the edges of the disc of eremocarps and B) with a second short row of spines. The species is described based on samples from collections housed in three herbaria: Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Sankt-Peterburg (LE, Russia) and Muséum National d ‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris (P, France), Université de Montpellier (MPU). It is named after the Russian botanist Viktor Petrovich Botschantzev, who spent many years studying the flora of Africa and who collected samples of the new species. The absence of holotypes required the typification of the names of the studied species Lappula patula, L. capensis and L. eckloniana.
References
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<p>Botschantzev, V.P. (1966) Through the Nortern Algiers. <em>Botanicheskii Zhurnal </em>(<em>Moscow & St. Petersburg</em>) 51 (6): 906–908.</p>
<p>Botschantzev, V.P., Rodin, L.E., Miroschnichenko, J.M., Vinogradov, B.V. <em>et al.</em> (1970)<em> Etudes geobotanigues des paturages de secteur ouest du département de Médée de la République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire, 1 (textes), 2 (cartes). </em>Leningrad: Nauka. 124 pp.</p>
<p>Brand, A. (1922) Decas specierum novarum altera. <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni</em> <em>Vegetabilis </em>18: 309–314. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19220181907</p>
<p>Candolle, A.P. de & Candolle, A.L.P.P. de (1846) <em>Echinospermum</em> Lehm.<em> In: </em>Candolle, A.P. (Ed.) <em>Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetablis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta, Pars Decima.</em> Victoris Masson, Paris, pp. 135–143.</p>
<p>Chacón, J., Luebert, F., Hilger, H.H., Ovczinnikova, S., Selvi, F., Cecchi, L., Guilliams, C.M., Hasenstab-Lehman, K., Sutorý, K., Simpson, M.G. & Weigend, M. (2016) The borage family (Boraginaceae s.str.): A revised infrafamilial classification based on new phylogenetic evidence, with emphasis on the placement of some enigmatic genera. <em>Taxon</em> 65: 523–546. https://doi.org/10.12705/653.6</p>
<p>Diez, M.J. & Valdés, B. (1991) Pollen morphology of the tribes <em>Eritrichieae</em> and <em>Cynoglosseae</em> (<em>Boraginaceae</em>) in the Iberian Peninsula and its taxonomic significance. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 107 (1): 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1991.tb00214.x</p>
<p>Fedoseeva, A.I. (1935) On the anatomical-carpological characteristics of this family Boraginaceae. <em>Proceedings of the Voronezh State University</em> 7: 43–67. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Fedoseeva, A.I. (1963) Some questions of the taxonomy of Boraginaceae in the light of microcarpological data. <em>Izvestia of the Voronezh Branch of the Botanical Society</em>: 86–92. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Gubanov, I.A. (1996) <em>Konspekt flory Vneshney Mongolii </em>(<em>sosudistye rasteniya</em>) [<em>Conspectus of the flora of Outer Mongolia </em>(<em>vascular plants</em>)]. Valang, Moscow, 136 pp. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Hilger, H.H. (2014) Ontogeny, morphology, and systematic significance of glochidiate and winged fruits of Cynoglosseae and Eritrichieae (Boraginaceae). <em>Plant Diversity and Evolution</em> 131 (3): 167–214. https://doi.org/10.1127/1869-6155/2014/0131-0080</p>
<p>Gürke, M. (1893) Boraginaceae – Eritrichieae.<em> In: </em>Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Ed.)<em> Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4, 3a, </em>Leipzig, pp. 106–112.</p>
<p>Johnston, I.M. (1927) Studies in the Boraginaceae VI: A revision of the South American Boraginoideae. <em>Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University</em> 78: 3–118.</p>
<p>Kazmi, S.M.A. (1970) A revision of the <em>Boraginaceae</em> of West Pakistan and Kashmir. <em>Journal of the Arnold Arboretum </em>51 (4): 499–520.</p>
<p>Lehmann, J.G.C. (1818) <em>Plantae e familia Asperifoliarum nuciferae. </em>Berolini. 478 pp.</p>
<p>Menyharth, L.S.J. (1877) <em>Kalocsa Videkenek Novenytenyeszete.</em> Budapest: Nyomatott a Hungadi Matyas intezetben. 236 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9844</p>
<p>Kamelin, R.V. (2011) Ancient xeraphilous family Chenopodiaceae in the Turanian and Central Asian flora.<em> Botanicheskii Zhurnal </em>(<em>Moscow & St. Petersburg</em>) 96 (4): 441–464. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Kamelin, R.V. & Cherneva, O.V. (1991) To the memory of Victor Petrovich Botschantzev (1910 – 1990). <em>Botanicheskii Zhurnal</em> (<em>Moscow & St Petersburg</em>) 91 (8): 1179–1187. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (1997) <em>Lappula</em> Moench.<em> In: </em>Malyschev, L.I. (Ed.) <em>Flora Sibiri</em> [<em>Flora of Siberia</em>], <em>Vol. 11,</em> Novosibirsk: Nauka, <em> </em>pp. 131–142. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (2005a) The system of the subtribe <em>Echinosperminae</em> (tribe Eritrichieae, Boraginaceae). <em>Botanicheskii Zhurnal</em> (<em>Moscow & St. Petersburg</em>) 90 (8): 1153–1172. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (2005b) Notes on some species of <em>Lappula</em> section <em>Lappula </em>(<em>Boraginaceae</em>). <em>Turczaninowia</em> 8 (2): 5–19. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (2006a) Ultrasculptural features of the fruit surface in subtribe Echinosperminae (tribe Eritrichieae, Boraginaceae). <em>Botanicheskii Zhurnal </em>(<em>Moscow & St. Petersburg</em>) 91 (10): 1545–1556. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (2006b) The palynomorphology of the representatives of the tribe <em>Eritrichieae </em>(Boraginaceae). <em>Problems of Botany of South Siberia and Mongolia</em> 5: 173–180. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (2009a). The synopsis of the subtribe <em>Echinosperminae</em> Ovczinnikova (Boraginaceae) in the flora of Eurasia. <em>Novosti sistematiki vysshikh rasteniy</em> 41: 209–272. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (2011) The establishment of the phylogenetic relationhships between the tribe<em> Eritrichieae</em> and other tribes of fam. <em>Boraginaceae</em> with use of palynomorphology data. <em>Problems of modern palynology: Proceeding of the 13<sup>th</sup> Russian Palynological conference, dedicated to the memory of outstanding Russian palynologists E.D. Zaklinsksya and L.V. Rovnina. Syktyvkar, Vol. 1.</em> pp. 42–46. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (2019) Addition to the species composition of Boraginaceae of Outer Mongolia. <em>Turczaninowia </em>22 (3): 97–110. [in Russian]</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.22.3.5</p>
<p>Popov, M.G. (1974) <em>Lappula</em> Gilib. <em>In: </em>Shiskin, B.K. (Ed.) <em>Flora of the U.S.S.R. Vol. 19, Tubiflorae. </em>English translation: Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, pp. 300–356, 525–526.</p>
<p>Popov, M.G. (1983) <em>Philogeniya, florogenetika, florografiya, sistematika [Phylogeny, florogenetics, florogeography, systematics], Part 1, 2.</em> Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 478 pp. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Retief, E., Van Wyk, A. (1999) The taxonomic significance of pollen morphology in the southern African Boraginaceae.<em> In: </em>Timberiake, J. & Kativu, S. (Ed.) <em>African Plants: Biodiversity, Taxonomy and Uses. </em>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 319–328.</p>
<p>Riedl, H. (1967) <em>Lappula</em> Gilib.<em> In: </em>Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora Iranica, Lfg. 48.</em> Graz, ss. 68–79.</p>
<p>Rolfsmeier, S.J. (2013) <em>Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Lappula Moench (Boraginaceae) in North America. </em>A dissertation, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree doctor of philosophy. Division of Biology college of Arts and Science. Kansas State University. Manhattan, Kansas. 188 pp. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15174</p>
<p>Sadat, F. (1989) Revision ausgewählter kritischer Gattungen der Boraginaceen aus der Flora Afghanistans. <em>Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München</em> 28: 1–210.</p>
<p>Smirnova, S.A. (1986) The significance of carpological characters in the taxonomy of families Boraginaceae, Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae. <em>Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological series</em> 91 (2): 84–89. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Voytenko, V.F. & Oparina, S.N. (1985) Heterocarpy in the Boraginaceae family. <em>Botanicheskii Zhurnal </em>(<em>Moscow & St. Petersburg</em>) 70 (7): 865–875. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Voytenko, V.F. & Oparina, S.N. (1987) Anatomical analysis of heterocarpy in the Boraginaceae family. <em>Botanicheskii Zhurnal</em> (<em>Moscow & St. Petersburg</em>) 72 (5): 569–580. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Zhu, G.-L., Riedl, H., Kamelin, R. (1995) <em>Lappula</em> Moench.<em> In: </em>Wu, C.Y. & Raven, P.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora of China, Vol. 16.</em> Science Press & MBG Press, Beijing & St. Louis, pp. 402–414.</p>
<p>Avetisjan, E.M. (1956) Morphology of borage microspores. <em>Trudy Botanischeskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk Armajnskoj SSR </em>10: 7–66.</p>
<p>Botschantzev, V.P. (1966) Through the Nortern Algiers. <em>Botanicheskii Zhurnal </em>(<em>Moscow & St. Petersburg</em>) 51 (6): 906–908.</p>
<p>Botschantzev, V.P., Rodin, L.E., Miroschnichenko, J.M., Vinogradov, B.V. <em>et al.</em> (1970)<em> Etudes geobotanigues des paturages de secteur ouest du département de Médée de la République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire, 1 (textes), 2 (cartes). </em>Leningrad: Nauka. 124 pp.</p>
<p>Brand, A. (1922) Decas specierum novarum altera. <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni</em> <em>Vegetabilis </em>18: 309–314. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19220181907</p>
<p>Candolle, A.P. de & Candolle, A.L.P.P. de (1846) <em>Echinospermum</em> Lehm.<em> In: </em>Candolle, A.P. (Ed.) <em>Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetablis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta, Pars Decima.</em> Victoris Masson, Paris, pp. 135–143.</p>
<p>Chacón, J., Luebert, F., Hilger, H.H., Ovczinnikova, S., Selvi, F., Cecchi, L., Guilliams, C.M., Hasenstab-Lehman, K., Sutorý, K., Simpson, M.G. & Weigend, M. (2016) The borage family (Boraginaceae s.str.): A revised infrafamilial classification based on new phylogenetic evidence, with emphasis on the placement of some enigmatic genera. <em>Taxon</em> 65: 523–546. https://doi.org/10.12705/653.6</p>
<p>Diez, M.J. & Valdés, B. (1991) Pollen morphology of the tribes <em>Eritrichieae</em> and <em>Cynoglosseae</em> (<em>Boraginaceae</em>) in the Iberian Peninsula and its taxonomic significance. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 107 (1): 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1991.tb00214.x</p>
<p>Fedoseeva, A.I. (1935) On the anatomical-carpological characteristics of this family Boraginaceae. <em>Proceedings of the Voronezh State University</em> 7: 43–67. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Fedoseeva, A.I. (1963) Some questions of the taxonomy of Boraginaceae in the light of microcarpological data. <em>Izvestia of the Voronezh Branch of the Botanical Society</em>: 86–92. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Gubanov, I.A. (1996) <em>Konspekt flory Vneshney Mongolii </em>(<em>sosudistye rasteniya</em>) [<em>Conspectus of the flora of Outer Mongolia </em>(<em>vascular plants</em>)]. Valang, Moscow, 136 pp. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Hilger, H.H. (2014) Ontogeny, morphology, and systematic significance of glochidiate and winged fruits of Cynoglosseae and Eritrichieae (Boraginaceae). <em>Plant Diversity and Evolution</em> 131 (3): 167–214. https://doi.org/10.1127/1869-6155/2014/0131-0080</p>
<p>Gürke, M. (1893) Boraginaceae – Eritrichieae.<em> In: </em>Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Ed.)<em> Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4, 3a, </em>Leipzig, pp. 106–112.</p>
<p>Johnston, I.M. (1927) Studies in the Boraginaceae VI: A revision of the South American Boraginoideae. <em>Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University</em> 78: 3–118.</p>
<p>Kazmi, S.M.A. (1970) A revision of the <em>Boraginaceae</em> of West Pakistan and Kashmir. <em>Journal of the Arnold Arboretum </em>51 (4): 499–520.</p>
<p>Lehmann, J.G.C. (1818) <em>Plantae e familia Asperifoliarum nuciferae. </em>Berolini. 478 pp.</p>
<p>Menyharth, L.S.J. (1877) <em>Kalocsa Videkenek Novenytenyeszete.</em> Budapest: Nyomatott a Hungadi Matyas intezetben. 236 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9844</p>
<p>Kamelin, R.V. (2011) Ancient xeraphilous family Chenopodiaceae in the Turanian and Central Asian flora.<em> Botanicheskii Zhurnal </em>(<em>Moscow & St. Petersburg</em>) 96 (4): 441–464. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Kamelin, R.V. & Cherneva, O.V. (1991) To the memory of Victor Petrovich Botschantzev (1910 – 1990). <em>Botanicheskii Zhurnal</em> (<em>Moscow & St Petersburg</em>) 91 (8): 1179–1187. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (1997) <em>Lappula</em> Moench.<em> In: </em>Malyschev, L.I. (Ed.) <em>Flora Sibiri</em> [<em>Flora of Siberia</em>], <em>Vol. 11,</em> Novosibirsk: Nauka, <em> </em>pp. 131–142. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (2005a) The system of the subtribe <em>Echinosperminae</em> (tribe Eritrichieae, Boraginaceae). <em>Botanicheskii Zhurnal</em> (<em>Moscow & St. Petersburg</em>) 90 (8): 1153–1172. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (2005b) Notes on some species of <em>Lappula</em> section <em>Lappula </em>(<em>Boraginaceae</em>). <em>Turczaninowia</em> 8 (2): 5–19. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (2006a) Ultrasculptural features of the fruit surface in subtribe Echinosperminae (tribe Eritrichieae, Boraginaceae). <em>Botanicheskii Zhurnal </em>(<em>Moscow & St. Petersburg</em>) 91 (10): 1545–1556. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (2006b) The palynomorphology of the representatives of the tribe <em>Eritrichieae </em>(Boraginaceae). <em>Problems of Botany of South Siberia and Mongolia</em> 5: 173–180. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (2009a). The synopsis of the subtribe <em>Echinosperminae</em> Ovczinnikova (Boraginaceae) in the flora of Eurasia. <em>Novosti sistematiki vysshikh rasteniy</em> 41: 209–272. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (2011) The establishment of the phylogenetic relationhships between the tribe<em> Eritrichieae</em> and other tribes of fam. <em>Boraginaceae</em> with use of palynomorphology data. <em>Problems of modern palynology: Proceeding of the 13<sup>th</sup> Russian Palynological conference, dedicated to the memory of outstanding Russian palynologists E.D. Zaklinsksya and L.V. Rovnina. Syktyvkar, Vol. 1.</em> pp. 42–46. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Ovczinnikova, S.V. (2019) Addition to the species composition of Boraginaceae of Outer Mongolia. <em>Turczaninowia </em>22 (3): 97–110. [in Russian]</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.22.3.5</p>
<p>Popov, M.G. (1974) <em>Lappula</em> Gilib. <em>In: </em>Shiskin, B.K. (Ed.) <em>Flora of the U.S.S.R. Vol. 19, Tubiflorae. </em>English translation: Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, pp. 300–356, 525–526.</p>
<p>Popov, M.G. (1983) <em>Philogeniya, florogenetika, florografiya, sistematika [Phylogeny, florogenetics, florogeography, systematics], Part 1, 2.</em> Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 478 pp. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Retief, E., Van Wyk, A. (1999) The taxonomic significance of pollen morphology in the southern African Boraginaceae.<em> In: </em>Timberiake, J. & Kativu, S. (Ed.) <em>African Plants: Biodiversity, Taxonomy and Uses. </em>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 319–328.</p>
<p>Riedl, H. (1967) <em>Lappula</em> Gilib.<em> In: </em>Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora Iranica, Lfg. 48.</em> Graz, ss. 68–79.</p>
<p>Rolfsmeier, S.J. (2013) <em>Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Lappula Moench (Boraginaceae) in North America. </em>A dissertation, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree doctor of philosophy. Division of Biology college of Arts and Science. Kansas State University. Manhattan, Kansas. 188 pp. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15174</p>
<p>Sadat, F. (1989) Revision ausgewählter kritischer Gattungen der Boraginaceen aus der Flora Afghanistans. <em>Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München</em> 28: 1–210.</p>
<p>Smirnova, S.A. (1986) The significance of carpological characters in the taxonomy of families Boraginaceae, Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae. <em>Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological series</em> 91 (2): 84–89. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Voytenko, V.F. & Oparina, S.N. (1985) Heterocarpy in the Boraginaceae family. <em>Botanicheskii Zhurnal </em>(<em>Moscow & St. Petersburg</em>) 70 (7): 865–875. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Voytenko, V.F. & Oparina, S.N. (1987) Anatomical analysis of heterocarpy in the Boraginaceae family. <em>Botanicheskii Zhurnal</em> (<em>Moscow & St. Petersburg</em>) 72 (5): 569–580. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Zhu, G.-L., Riedl, H., Kamelin, R. (1995) <em>Lappula</em> Moench.<em> In: </em>Wu, C.Y. & Raven, P.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora of China, Vol. 16.</em> Science Press & MBG Press, Beijing & St. Louis, pp. 402–414.</p>