Abstract
In this work, we describe a new species of Ludwigia from southern Brazil. We provide a detailed morphological account, field photographs and a distribution map. We also discuss the morphology and taxonomy of the new species in relation to morphologically similar species and assess its conservation status. Finally, we typify the name L. myrtifolia, which refers to the species morphologically most similar to the new species, and we discuss the distribution of this species.
References
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Conti, E., Fischbach, A. & Sytsma, K.J. (1993) Tribal relationships in Onagraceae: implications from rbcL sequence data. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 80: 672–685. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399853
Conti, E., Litt, A. & Sytsma, K. (1996) Circumscription of Myrtales and their relationships to other Rosids: evidence from rbcL sequence data. American Journal of Botany 83: 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12700.x
Conti, E., Litt, A., Wilson, P., Grahm, S., Briggs, B., Johnson, L. & Sytsma, K. (1997) Interfamilial relationships in Myrtales: molecular phylogeny and patterns of morphological evolution. Systematic Botany 22: 629–647. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419432
Eyde, R. (1977) Reproductive Structures and Evolution in Ludwigia (Onagraceae). I. Androecium, placentation, meristem. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 64: 644–655. https://doi.org/10.2307/2395261
Eyde, R. (1979) Reproductive structures and evolution in Ludwigia (Onagraceae). II. Fruit and seed. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 66: 656–675. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398865
Eyde, R. (1981) Reproductive structures and evolution in Ludwigia (Onagraceae). III. Vasculature, nectaries, conclusions. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 68: 379–412. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398776
Ford, V.S. & Gottlieb, L.D. (2007) Tribal relationships within Onagraceae inferred from PgiC sequences. Systematic Botany 32: 348–356. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364407781179725
Funez, L.A., Farias, D.M., Hassemer, G. & de Gasper, A.L. (2020) Ludwigia humboldtiana (Onagraceae), a narrowly endemic new species from the subtropical Atlantic Forest, southern Brazil. Phytotaxa 470: 77–89. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.470.1.3
Hara, H. (1953) Ludwigia versus Jussiaea. Journal of Japanese Botany 28: 289–294.
Hoch, P., Crisci, J., Tobe, H. & Berry, P. (1993) A cladistic analysis of the plant family Onagraceae. Systematic Botany 18: 31–47. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419786
Hooker, W.J.H. & Arnott, G.A.W. (1833) Botanical Miscellany. Vol. III. John Murray, London. pp. 1–390.
IUCN [International Union for Conservation of Nature] (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. IUCN, Gland, 32 pp.
IUCN [International Union for Conservation of Nature] (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. IUCN, Gland, 113 pp.
Levin, R., Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C., Nepokroeff, M., Pires, C., Zimmer, E.A. & Sytsma, K.J. (2003) Family-level relationships of Onagraceae based on chloroplast rbcL and ndhf data. American Journal of Botany 90: 107–115. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.1.107
Levin, R.A., Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C., Hahn, W.J., Rodriguez, A., Baum, D.A., Katinas, L., Zimmer, E.A. & Sytsma, K.J. (2004) Paraphyly in tribe Onagreae: insights into phylogenetic relationships of Onagraceae based on nuclear and chloroplast sequence data. Systematic Botany 29: 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364404772974293
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, vol. 1. L. Salvius, Stockholm, pp. 1–560. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
Micheli, M. (1875) Onagraceae. In: von Martius, C.F.P. (Ed.) Flora Brasiliensis, vol. 3 (2). Munich and Leipzig, R. Oldenbourg, pp. 146–182, plates 28–38.
Munz, P. (1942) Studies in Onagraceae XII. A revision of the New World Species of Jussiaea. Darwiniana 4: 179–285.
Munz, P. (1947) Onagraceas. In: Hoehne, F.C. (Ed.) Flora Brasílica, fasc. 9, vol 41 I. S.A. Industrias ”Graphicars-F Lanzara”, São Paulo, pp. 1–62, 51 tab.
Nuttall, T. (1818) The genera of North American plants. D. Heartt, Philadelphia, 312 pp.
Pesamosca, S.C. (2015) O gênero Ludwigia L. (Onagraceae) no Rio Grande do Sul. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. MSc. Dissertation. 138 pp.
Pesamosca, S.C. & Boldrini, I.I. (2015) Ludwigia litoranea (Onagraceae), a new species from coastal southern Brazil. Phytotaxa 230: 183–188. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.2.5
Ramamoorthy, T.P. (1979) A sectional revision of Ludwigia sect. Myrtocarpus sensu lato (Onagraceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 66: 893–896. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398928
Ramamoorthy, T.P. & Zardini, E.M. (1987) The systematic and evolution of Ludwigia sect. Myrtocarpus sensu lato (Onagraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 19: 1–120. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.154203
Raven, P.H. (1963) The Old World species of Ludwigia (including Jussiaea), with a synopsis of the genus (Onagraceae). Reinwardtia 6: 327–427.
Thiers, B. (2021) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (accessed 17 February 2021)
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Wagner, W.L. & Hoch, P.C. (2005) Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family website. Available at: http://botany.si.edu/onagraceae/index.cfm (Accessed 19 July 2021)
Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C. & Raven, P.H. (2007) Revised classification of the Onagraceae. Systematic Botany Monographs 83: 1–240.
Zardini, E.M & Raven, P.H (1992) A new section of Ludwigia (Onagraceae) with a key to the sections of the genus. Systematic Botany 17: 481–485. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419486
Zeferino, L.C. & Echternacht, L. (2020) Ludwigia in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB4035 (accessed 17 February 2021)
Conti, E., Fischbach, A. & Sytsma, K.J. (1993) Tribal relationships in Onagraceae: implications from rbcL sequence data. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 80: 672–685. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399853
Conti, E., Litt, A. & Sytsma, K. (1996) Circumscription of Myrtales and their relationships to other Rosids: evidence from rbcL sequence data. American Journal of Botany 83: 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12700.x
Conti, E., Litt, A., Wilson, P., Grahm, S., Briggs, B., Johnson, L. & Sytsma, K. (1997) Interfamilial relationships in Myrtales: molecular phylogeny and patterns of morphological evolution. Systematic Botany 22: 629–647. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419432
Eyde, R. (1977) Reproductive Structures and Evolution in Ludwigia (Onagraceae). I. Androecium, placentation, meristem. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 64: 644–655. https://doi.org/10.2307/2395261
Eyde, R. (1979) Reproductive structures and evolution in Ludwigia (Onagraceae). II. Fruit and seed. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 66: 656–675. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398865
Eyde, R. (1981) Reproductive structures and evolution in Ludwigia (Onagraceae). III. Vasculature, nectaries, conclusions. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 68: 379–412. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398776
Ford, V.S. & Gottlieb, L.D. (2007) Tribal relationships within Onagraceae inferred from PgiC sequences. Systematic Botany 32: 348–356. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364407781179725
Funez, L.A., Farias, D.M., Hassemer, G. & de Gasper, A.L. (2020) Ludwigia humboldtiana (Onagraceae), a narrowly endemic new species from the subtropical Atlantic Forest, southern Brazil. Phytotaxa 470: 77–89. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.470.1.3
Hara, H. (1953) Ludwigia versus Jussiaea. Journal of Japanese Botany 28: 289–294.
Hoch, P., Crisci, J., Tobe, H. & Berry, P. (1993) A cladistic analysis of the plant family Onagraceae. Systematic Botany 18: 31–47. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419786
Hooker, W.J.H. & Arnott, G.A.W. (1833) Botanical Miscellany. Vol. III. John Murray, London. pp. 1–390.
IUCN [International Union for Conservation of Nature] (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. IUCN, Gland, 32 pp.
IUCN [International Union for Conservation of Nature] (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. IUCN, Gland, 113 pp.
Levin, R., Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C., Nepokroeff, M., Pires, C., Zimmer, E.A. & Sytsma, K.J. (2003) Family-level relationships of Onagraceae based on chloroplast rbcL and ndhf data. American Journal of Botany 90: 107–115. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.1.107
Levin, R.A., Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C., Hahn, W.J., Rodriguez, A., Baum, D.A., Katinas, L., Zimmer, E.A. & Sytsma, K.J. (2004) Paraphyly in tribe Onagreae: insights into phylogenetic relationships of Onagraceae based on nuclear and chloroplast sequence data. Systematic Botany 29: 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364404772974293
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, vol. 1. L. Salvius, Stockholm, pp. 1–560. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
Micheli, M. (1875) Onagraceae. In: von Martius, C.F.P. (Ed.) Flora Brasiliensis, vol. 3 (2). Munich and Leipzig, R. Oldenbourg, pp. 146–182, plates 28–38.
Munz, P. (1942) Studies in Onagraceae XII. A revision of the New World Species of Jussiaea. Darwiniana 4: 179–285.
Munz, P. (1947) Onagraceas. In: Hoehne, F.C. (Ed.) Flora Brasílica, fasc. 9, vol 41 I. S.A. Industrias ”Graphicars-F Lanzara”, São Paulo, pp. 1–62, 51 tab.
Nuttall, T. (1818) The genera of North American plants. D. Heartt, Philadelphia, 312 pp.
Pesamosca, S.C. (2015) O gênero Ludwigia L. (Onagraceae) no Rio Grande do Sul. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. MSc. Dissertation. 138 pp.
Pesamosca, S.C. & Boldrini, I.I. (2015) Ludwigia litoranea (Onagraceae), a new species from coastal southern Brazil. Phytotaxa 230: 183–188. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.2.5
Ramamoorthy, T.P. (1979) A sectional revision of Ludwigia sect. Myrtocarpus sensu lato (Onagraceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 66: 893–896. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398928
Ramamoorthy, T.P. & Zardini, E.M. (1987) The systematic and evolution of Ludwigia sect. Myrtocarpus sensu lato (Onagraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 19: 1–120. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.154203
Raven, P.H. (1963) The Old World species of Ludwigia (including Jussiaea), with a synopsis of the genus (Onagraceae). Reinwardtia 6: 327–427.
Thiers, B. (2021) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (accessed 17 February 2021)
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Wagner, W.L. & Hoch, P.C. (2005) Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family website. Available at: http://botany.si.edu/onagraceae/index.cfm (Accessed 19 July 2021)
Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C. & Raven, P.H. (2007) Revised classification of the Onagraceae. Systematic Botany Monographs 83: 1–240.
Zardini, E.M & Raven, P.H (1992) A new section of Ludwigia (Onagraceae) with a key to the sections of the genus. Systematic Botany 17: 481–485. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419486
Zeferino, L.C. & Echternacht, L. (2020) Ludwigia in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB4035 (accessed 17 February 2021)