Abstract
The upper Han River plays an important role in the Middle Route of the North to South Water Transfer Project in China. During an investigation of diatom biodiversity in this area, a new benthic monoraphid diatom, Achnanthidium ampliatum sp. nov. was observed from an alkaline tributary. This new species has relatively large valves, with a lanceolate axial area and distal raphe ends curved to the same side on the raphe valve, linear axial area in rapheless valves, with uniseriate striae and round to short slit-like areolae on both valves. We present light and scanning electron microscopic observations to document the new species. A. ampliatum sp. nov. is easily separated from other, similar Achnanthidium and Psammothidum taxa, and we provide comparisons with species that have similar outlines and valve features.
References
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<p>Bory de Saint-Vincent, J.B.G.M. (1822) Achnanthe. Achnanthes. <em>Dictionnaire Classique d’Histoire Naturelle </em>1: 79–80.</p>
<p>Bukhtiyarova, L. & Round, F.E. (1996) Revision of the genus <em>Achnanthes senu lato. Psammothidium</em>, a new genus based on <em>A. marginulatum</em>. <em>Diatom Research </em>11: 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/0269249X.1996.9705361</p>
<p>Ehrenberg, C.G. (1832) Über die Entwicklung und Lebensdauer der Infusionsthiere; nebst ferneren Beiträgen zu einer Vergleichung ihrer organischen Systeme. <em>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin</em> 1831: 1–154.</p>
<p>Hustedt, F. (1922) Bacillariales aus Innerasien. Gesammelt von Dr. Sven Hedin. Southern Tibet, discoveries in former times compared with my own researches in 1906–1908. <em>Lithographic Institute of the General Staff of the Swedish Army, Stockholm</em> 6(3): 107–152. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64226</p>
<p>Jao, C. (1964) Some fresh-water algae from southern Tibet. <em>Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica</em> 6 (2): 169–192.</p>
<p>Jao, C., Zhu, H. & Lee, Y. (1974) The fresh-water algae from Mount Qomolangma district (in Tibet). <em>Report of the Scientific Survey of Mount Qomolangma district</em> 1966–1968: 92–126.</p>
<p>Kociolek, J.P., You, Q.M., Liu, Q., Liu, Y. & Wang, Q.X. (2020) Continental diatom biodiversity discovery and description in China: 1848 through 2019. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 160: 45–97. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.160.54193</p>
<p>Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (2004) Bacillariophyceae 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Erganzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae), <em>Gomphonema </em>Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis [second revised edition] <em>In: Suesswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Spektrum Akademischer Verlad Heidelberg</em>, 2, 4, 468 pp.</p>
<p>Kulikovskiy, M., Maltsev, Y., Glushchenko, A., Kuznetsova, I., Kapustin, D., Gusev, E., Lange-Bertalot, H., Genkal, S. & Kociolek, J.P. (2020) <em>Gogorevia</em>, A new monoraphid diatom genus for <em>Achnanthes exigua</em> and allied taxa (Achnanthidiaceae) described on the basis of an integrated molecular and morphological approach. <em>Journal of Phycology</em> 56 (6): 1601–1613. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.13064</p>
<p>Kützing, F.T. (1844) <em>Die Kieselschaligen. Bacillarien oder Diatomeen</em>. Nordhausen., 152 pp.</p>
<p>Li, S. & Zhang, Q. (2008) Geochemistry of the upper Han River basin, China, 1: Spatial distribution of major ion compositions and their controlling factors. <em>Applied Geochemistry</em> 23: 3535–3544.</p>
<p>Li, S., Gu, S., Liu, W., Han, H. & Zhang, Q. (2008) Water quality in relation to land use and land cover in the upper Han River basin, China. <em>Catena</em> 75: 216–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2008.06.005</p>
<p>Liu, B., Blanco, S., Long, H., Xu, J.J. & Jiang, X.Y. (2016) <em>Achnanthidium sinense sp. nov. </em>(Bacillariophyta) from the Wuling Mountains Area, China. <em>Phytotaxa </em>284 (3): 194–202. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.3.4</p>
<p>Liu, Y., Kociolek, J.P., Wang, Q-X., Tan, X. & Fan, Y.W. (2014) Two new species of monoraphid diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from South of China. <em>Phytotaxa </em>188 (1): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.4</p>
<p>Liu, Y., Kociolek, J.P., Liu, Q., Tan, X. & Fan, Y.W. (2020) A new aerophilic <em>Neidium </em>Pfister (Neidiaceae, Bacillariophyta) species from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 432 (2): 171–180. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.432.2.6</p>
<p>Monnier, O., Lange-Bertalot, H., Hoffmann, L. & Ector, L. (2007) The genera <em>Achnanthidium </em>Kützing and <em>Psammothidium </em>Bukhtiyarova & Round in the family <em>Achnanthidiaceae </em>(Bacillariophyceae): a reappraisal of the differential criteria. <em>Cryptogamie, Algologie </em>28 (2): 141–158.</p>
<p>Potapova, M. (2006) <em>Achnanthidium zhakovschikovii</em> sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) and related species from rivers of Northwestern Russia. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 82 (3–4): 399–408</p>
<p>Potapova, M.G. & Ponader, K.C. (2004) Two common North Amercian diatoms <em>Achnanthidium rivulare</em> sp. nov. and <em>A. deflexum</em> (Reimer) Kingston: morphology, ecology and comparison with related species. <em>Diatom Research</em> 19 (1): 33–57.</p>
<p>Qi, Y.Z. & Xie, S.Q. (1984) The diatom in moss swamp from Hubei Shennongjia. <em>Jinan Yili Xuebao</em> 1984 (3): 86–92.</p>
<p>Skvortzow, B.V. (1929) Alpine Diatoms from Fukien Province, South China.<em> Philippine Journal of Science </em>41 (1): 39–49.</p>
<p>Skvortzow, B.W. (1935) Diatoms from Poyang Lake, Hunan, China. <em>Philippine Journal of Science </em>57 (4): 465–477.</p>
<p>Skvortzow, B.V. (1938) Diatoms from Chengtu, Szechwan, Western China. <em>Philippine Journal of Science</em> 66 (4): 479–496.</p>
<p>Spaulding, S. & Edlund, M. (2008) <em>Psammothidium</em>. In Diatoms of North America. Available from: https://diatoms.org/genera/psammothidium (accessed 2 February 2021)</p>
<p>Tan, X., Sheldon, F., Bunn, S.E. & Zhang, Q. (2013) Using diatom indices for water quality assessment in a subtropical river, China. <em>Environmental Science and Pollution Research</em> 20: 4164–4175.</p>
<p>Tan, X., Ma, P., Xia, X. & Zhang, Q. (2014a) Spatial pattern of benthic diatoms and water quality assessment using diatom indices in a subtropical river, China. <em>Clean-Soil, Air, Water</em> 42: 20–28.</p>
<p>Tan, X., Xia, X., Zhao, Q. & Zhang, Q. (2014b) Temporal variations of benthic diatom community and its main influencing factors in a subtropical river, China. <em>Environmental Science and Pollution Research</em> 21: 434–444.</p>
<p>Tan, X., Zhang, Q., Burford, M.A., Sheldon, F. & Bunn, S.E. (2017) Benthic diatom based indices for water quality assessment in two subtropical streams. <em>Frontiers in Microbiology </em>8: 601. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00601</p>
<p>Tan, X., Liu, Y., Burford, M.A. & Zhang, Q.F. (2020) The performance of diatom indices in assessing temporal changes in water quality in a large lowland river ecosystem. <em>River Research Application </em>37 (3): 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3754</p>
<p>Wynne, M.J. (2019) <em>Delicatophycus</em> gen. nov.: a validation of “<em>Delicata</em> Krammer” inval. (Gomphonemataceae, Bacillariophyta). <em>Notulae algarum</em> 97: 1–3.</p>
<p>You, Q.M., Zhao, K., Wang, Y.L., Yu, P., Kociolek, J.P., Pang, W.T. & Wang, Q.X. (2021) Four new species of monoraphid diatoms from Western Sichuan Plateau in China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 479 (3): 257–274. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.479.3.3</p>
<p>You, Q.M., Cao, Y., Yu, P., Kociolek, J.P., Zhang, L.X., Wu, B., Lowe, R. & Wang, Q.X. (2019) Three new subaerial <em>Achnanthidium </em>(Bacillariophyta) species from a karst landform in the Guizhou Province, China. <em>Fottea </em>19 (2): 138–150. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2019.005</p>
<p>Yu, P., You, Q.M., Kociolek, J.P. & Wang Q.X. (2019a) Three new freshwater species of the genus <em>Achnanthidium</em> (Bacillariophyta, Achnanthidiaceae) from Taiping Lake, China. <em>Fottea, Olomouc</em> 19 (1):33–49. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2018.015</p>
<p>Yu, P., You, Q-M., Pang, W-T., Cao, Y. & Wang, Q-X. (2019b) Five new <em>Achnanthidiaceae </em>species (Bacillariophyta) from Jiuzhai Valley, Sichuan Province, Southwestern China. <em>Phytotaxa </em>405 (3): 147–170. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.405.3.5</p>
<p>Zhu, H.Z. & Chen, J.Y. (1994) <em>Study on the diatoms of the Wuling Mountain Region</em>. Compilation of reports on the survey of algal resources, 405 pp.</p>
<p>Zhu, H.Z. & Chen, J.Y. (1996) New taxa of diatom (Bacillariophyta) from Xizang (Tibet). (II). <em>Zhiwu Fenlei Xuebao</em> 34 (1): 102–104.</p>
<p>Bory de Saint-Vincent, J.B.G.M. (1822) Achnanthe. Achnanthes. <em>Dictionnaire Classique d’Histoire Naturelle </em>1: 79–80.</p>
<p>Bukhtiyarova, L. & Round, F.E. (1996) Revision of the genus <em>Achnanthes senu lato. Psammothidium</em>, a new genus based on <em>A. marginulatum</em>. <em>Diatom Research </em>11: 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/0269249X.1996.9705361</p>
<p>Ehrenberg, C.G. (1832) Über die Entwicklung und Lebensdauer der Infusionsthiere; nebst ferneren Beiträgen zu einer Vergleichung ihrer organischen Systeme. <em>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin</em> 1831: 1–154.</p>
<p>Hustedt, F. (1922) Bacillariales aus Innerasien. Gesammelt von Dr. Sven Hedin. Southern Tibet, discoveries in former times compared with my own researches in 1906–1908. <em>Lithographic Institute of the General Staff of the Swedish Army, Stockholm</em> 6(3): 107–152. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64226</p>
<p>Jao, C. (1964) Some fresh-water algae from southern Tibet. <em>Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica</em> 6 (2): 169–192.</p>
<p>Jao, C., Zhu, H. & Lee, Y. (1974) The fresh-water algae from Mount Qomolangma district (in Tibet). <em>Report of the Scientific Survey of Mount Qomolangma district</em> 1966–1968: 92–126.</p>
<p>Kociolek, J.P., You, Q.M., Liu, Q., Liu, Y. & Wang, Q.X. (2020) Continental diatom biodiversity discovery and description in China: 1848 through 2019. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 160: 45–97. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.160.54193</p>
<p>Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (2004) Bacillariophyceae 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Erganzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae), <em>Gomphonema </em>Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis [second revised edition] <em>In: Suesswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Spektrum Akademischer Verlad Heidelberg</em>, 2, 4, 468 pp.</p>
<p>Kulikovskiy, M., Maltsev, Y., Glushchenko, A., Kuznetsova, I., Kapustin, D., Gusev, E., Lange-Bertalot, H., Genkal, S. & Kociolek, J.P. (2020) <em>Gogorevia</em>, A new monoraphid diatom genus for <em>Achnanthes exigua</em> and allied taxa (Achnanthidiaceae) described on the basis of an integrated molecular and morphological approach. <em>Journal of Phycology</em> 56 (6): 1601–1613. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.13064</p>
<p>Kützing, F.T. (1844) <em>Die Kieselschaligen. Bacillarien oder Diatomeen</em>. Nordhausen., 152 pp.</p>
<p>Li, S. & Zhang, Q. (2008) Geochemistry of the upper Han River basin, China, 1: Spatial distribution of major ion compositions and their controlling factors. <em>Applied Geochemistry</em> 23: 3535–3544.</p>
<p>Li, S., Gu, S., Liu, W., Han, H. & Zhang, Q. (2008) Water quality in relation to land use and land cover in the upper Han River basin, China. <em>Catena</em> 75: 216–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2008.06.005</p>
<p>Liu, B., Blanco, S., Long, H., Xu, J.J. & Jiang, X.Y. (2016) <em>Achnanthidium sinense sp. nov. </em>(Bacillariophyta) from the Wuling Mountains Area, China. <em>Phytotaxa </em>284 (3): 194–202. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.3.4</p>
<p>Liu, Y., Kociolek, J.P., Wang, Q-X., Tan, X. & Fan, Y.W. (2014) Two new species of monoraphid diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from South of China. <em>Phytotaxa </em>188 (1): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.4</p>
<p>Liu, Y., Kociolek, J.P., Liu, Q., Tan, X. & Fan, Y.W. (2020) A new aerophilic <em>Neidium </em>Pfister (Neidiaceae, Bacillariophyta) species from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 432 (2): 171–180. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.432.2.6</p>
<p>Monnier, O., Lange-Bertalot, H., Hoffmann, L. & Ector, L. (2007) The genera <em>Achnanthidium </em>Kützing and <em>Psammothidium </em>Bukhtiyarova & Round in the family <em>Achnanthidiaceae </em>(Bacillariophyceae): a reappraisal of the differential criteria. <em>Cryptogamie, Algologie </em>28 (2): 141–158.</p>
<p>Potapova, M. (2006) <em>Achnanthidium zhakovschikovii</em> sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) and related species from rivers of Northwestern Russia. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 82 (3–4): 399–408</p>
<p>Potapova, M.G. & Ponader, K.C. (2004) Two common North Amercian diatoms <em>Achnanthidium rivulare</em> sp. nov. and <em>A. deflexum</em> (Reimer) Kingston: morphology, ecology and comparison with related species. <em>Diatom Research</em> 19 (1): 33–57.</p>
<p>Qi, Y.Z. & Xie, S.Q. (1984) The diatom in moss swamp from Hubei Shennongjia. <em>Jinan Yili Xuebao</em> 1984 (3): 86–92.</p>
<p>Skvortzow, B.V. (1929) Alpine Diatoms from Fukien Province, South China.<em> Philippine Journal of Science </em>41 (1): 39–49.</p>
<p>Skvortzow, B.W. (1935) Diatoms from Poyang Lake, Hunan, China. <em>Philippine Journal of Science </em>57 (4): 465–477.</p>
<p>Skvortzow, B.V. (1938) Diatoms from Chengtu, Szechwan, Western China. <em>Philippine Journal of Science</em> 66 (4): 479–496.</p>
<p>Spaulding, S. & Edlund, M. (2008) <em>Psammothidium</em>. In Diatoms of North America. Available from: https://diatoms.org/genera/psammothidium (accessed 2 February 2021)</p>
<p>Tan, X., Sheldon, F., Bunn, S.E. & Zhang, Q. (2013) Using diatom indices for water quality assessment in a subtropical river, China. <em>Environmental Science and Pollution Research</em> 20: 4164–4175.</p>
<p>Tan, X., Ma, P., Xia, X. & Zhang, Q. (2014a) Spatial pattern of benthic diatoms and water quality assessment using diatom indices in a subtropical river, China. <em>Clean-Soil, Air, Water</em> 42: 20–28.</p>
<p>Tan, X., Xia, X., Zhao, Q. & Zhang, Q. (2014b) Temporal variations of benthic diatom community and its main influencing factors in a subtropical river, China. <em>Environmental Science and Pollution Research</em> 21: 434–444.</p>
<p>Tan, X., Zhang, Q., Burford, M.A., Sheldon, F. & Bunn, S.E. (2017) Benthic diatom based indices for water quality assessment in two subtropical streams. <em>Frontiers in Microbiology </em>8: 601. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00601</p>
<p>Tan, X., Liu, Y., Burford, M.A. & Zhang, Q.F. (2020) The performance of diatom indices in assessing temporal changes in water quality in a large lowland river ecosystem. <em>River Research Application </em>37 (3): 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3754</p>
<p>Wynne, M.J. (2019) <em>Delicatophycus</em> gen. nov.: a validation of “<em>Delicata</em> Krammer” inval. (Gomphonemataceae, Bacillariophyta). <em>Notulae algarum</em> 97: 1–3.</p>
<p>You, Q.M., Zhao, K., Wang, Y.L., Yu, P., Kociolek, J.P., Pang, W.T. & Wang, Q.X. (2021) Four new species of monoraphid diatoms from Western Sichuan Plateau in China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 479 (3): 257–274. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.479.3.3</p>
<p>You, Q.M., Cao, Y., Yu, P., Kociolek, J.P., Zhang, L.X., Wu, B., Lowe, R. & Wang, Q.X. (2019) Three new subaerial <em>Achnanthidium </em>(Bacillariophyta) species from a karst landform in the Guizhou Province, China. <em>Fottea </em>19 (2): 138–150. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2019.005</p>
<p>Yu, P., You, Q.M., Kociolek, J.P. & Wang Q.X. (2019a) Three new freshwater species of the genus <em>Achnanthidium</em> (Bacillariophyta, Achnanthidiaceae) from Taiping Lake, China. <em>Fottea, Olomouc</em> 19 (1):33–49. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2018.015</p>
<p>Yu, P., You, Q-M., Pang, W-T., Cao, Y. & Wang, Q-X. (2019b) Five new <em>Achnanthidiaceae </em>species (Bacillariophyta) from Jiuzhai Valley, Sichuan Province, Southwestern China. <em>Phytotaxa </em>405 (3): 147–170. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.405.3.5</p>
<p>Zhu, H.Z. & Chen, J.Y. (1994) <em>Study on the diatoms of the Wuling Mountain Region</em>. Compilation of reports on the survey of algal resources, 405 pp.</p>
<p>Zhu, H.Z. & Chen, J.Y. (1996) New taxa of diatom (Bacillariophyta) from Xizang (Tibet). (II). <em>Zhiwu Fenlei Xuebao</em> 34 (1): 102–104.</p>