Abstract
Lectotypes are designated for following 14 binomials: Ficus chaparensis, F. complicata, F. garcesii, F. halliana, F. morantensis, F. ochroleuca, F. venusta, Pharmacosycea peruviana, Urostigma baccatum, U. cestrifolium forma major, U. erythrostictum, U. populneum forma mexicanum, U. sapidum, and U. subtriplinervium forma ellipticum. Corrections of citations are made in F. palmicida, F. savannarum, U. geminum and U. subtriplinervium forma major.
References
<p>Berg, C.C. (2007) Proposals for treating four species complexes in <em>Ficus</em> subgenus <em>Urostigma</em> section <em>Americanae</em> (Moraceae). <em>Blumea</em> 52: 295–312. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651907X609034</p>
<p>Berg, C.C. & DeWolf, G.P. (1975) Moraceae. <em>In:</em> Lanjouw, J. & Lanjouw, A.L. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Suriname</em>, E.J.Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, pp. 173–267.</p>
<p>Berg, C.C. & Villavicencio, X. (2003) El género Ficus (Moraceae) en Bolivia. <em>Revista de la Sociedad Boliviana de Botánica</em> 4: 81–129.</p>
<p>Berg, C.C. & Villavicencio, X. (2004) Taxonomic studies on <em>Ficus</em> (Moraceae) in the West Indies, extra-Amazonian Brazil and Bolivia. <em>Ilicifolia</em> 5: 1–173.</p>
<p>Carvajal, S. (2012) Sistema para la familia Moraceae en México. <em>Ibugana</em> 3: 3–103.</p>
<p>Casaretto, G. (1842) <em>Novarum Stirpium Brasiliensium Decades.</em> Genuae: Typis J. Ferrandi. 96 pp.</p>
<p>Corner, E.J.H. (1960) Taxonomic notes on <em>Ficus </em>Linn., Asia and Australasia. <em>The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore </em>17: 368–485.</p>
<p>Dugand, A. (1942) Nuevas especies colombianas de género <em>Ficus</em>. <em>Caldasia</em> 1: 25–74.</p>
<p>Fawcett, W. & Rendle, A.B. (1914) Dicotyledons: families Piperaceae to Connaracea. <em>Flora of Jamaica</em> 3: 1–332</p>
<p>Grisebach, A.H.R. (1859) <em>Flora of the British West Indian Islands</em>. Lovell Reeve & Co., London, pp. 1–152.</p>
<p>Hemsley, W.B. (1883) Ficus. <em>Biologia Centrali-Americana, Botany</em> 3: 143–148.</p>
<p>Hernández-Esquivel, K.B., Piedra-Malagón, E.M., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Mendoza-Cuenca, L., González-Rodríguez, A., Ruiz-Sanchez, E. & Ibarra-Manríquez, G. (2020) Unraveling the extreme morphological variation in the neotropical <em>Ficus aurea</em> complex (subg. Spherosuke, sect. Americanae, Moraceae). <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</em> 58: 263–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12564</p>
<p>Herter, W.G. (1940) Plantae uruguayenses novae vel criticae. <em>Revista Sudamericana de Botánica</em> 6: 129–155.</p>
<p>Herzog, T. (1915) Die von Dr. Th. Herzog auf seiner zweiten Reise durch Bolivien in den Jahren 1910 und 1911 gesammelten Pflanzen. Teil II. <em>Mededeelingen van ‘s Rijks Herbarium</em> 27: 1–90.</p>
<p>Ibarra-Manríquez, G., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., González-Castañeda, N., Piedra-Malagón, E.M. & Luna, A. (2012) El género <em>Ficus</em> L. (Moraceae) en México. <em>Botanical Sciences</em> 90: 389–452. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.472</p>
<p>JSTOR (2020) JSTOR Global Plants Database. Available from: https://plants.jstor.org/ (January 2020).</p>
<p>Kunth, C.S. (1817) Urticeae.<em> In: </em>F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, <em>Nova genera et species plantarum</em> 2: 28–50. Paris.</p>
<p>Kunth, C.S. (1847) Enumeratio Synoptica Ficus specierum cum novarum tum congnitarum. Pp. 14–22. Index seminum in horto botanico Berolinensi anno 1846 collectorum: Berlin.</p>
<p>Liebmann, F. (1851) <em>Mexicos og Central-Americas, neldeagtige Planter, ordo Urticaceae</em>. <em>Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs skrifter </em>5: 287–343.</p>
<p>Linnaeus f., C. von (1781, publ. 1782) <em>Supplementum Plantarum</em>: 1–468.</p>
<p>Martius, C.F.P. (1841) Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis. Plantae brasilienses exsiccatae, quas denominatas, partim diagnosi aut obsevationibus instructas Botanophilis offert Dr. C. Fr. Ph. de Martius. Monachii. <em>Flora</em> 24 (2, Beibl.): 1–112.</p>
<p>Miquel, F.A.W. (1847) Prodromus monographiae Ficuum<em>. London Journal of Botany</em> 6: 514–588.</p>
<p>Miquel, F.A.W. (1848) Prodromus monogaphiae Ficuum<em>. London Journal of Botany</em> 7: 64–78, 109–16, 221–236, 425–471.</p>
<p>Miquel, F.A.W. (1853) Urticineae. <em>In:</em> Martius, C.F.P. (Ed.) <em>Flora brasiliensis</em>, vol. 4, par 1, Monachii, Lipsiae, Frid. Fleischer, pp. 78–106.</p>
<p>Miquel, F.A.G. (1867) Annotationes de Ficus speciebus. <em>Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi</em> 3: 260–315.</p>
<p>Nuttall, T. (1846) <em>The North American sylva</em> 2. J. Dobson: Philadelphia. 123 pp.</p>
<p>Pederneiras, L.C., Romaniuc-Neto, S. & Mansano, V.D.F. (2018) Nomenclatural revision of <em>Ficus</em> sect. <em>Americanae</em> (Moraceae): typification of <em>Ficus americana</em> and allied species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 361: 244–250. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.361.2.9</p>
<p>Pederneiras, L.C., Dussán, C.M., Mitidieri-Rivera, N., Romaniuc-Neto, S., Costa, A.F. & Mansano, V.D.F. (2019) Nomenclatural revision of <em>Ficus</em> sect. <em>Americanae</em> (Moraceae): typification of <em>Ficus crocata</em> and allied species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 414: 262–268. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.414.5.4</p>
<p>Pederneiras, L.C., Dussan, C.M., Mitidieri-Rivera, N., Romaniuc-Neto, S. & Mansano, V.D.F. (2020a) Nomenclatural revision of the <em>Ficus</em> sect. <em>Americanae</em> (Moraceae): Typification of <em>F. citrifolia</em> and allied species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 474: 145–153. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.474.2.4</p>
<p>Pederneiras, L.C., Machado, A.F.P., Santos, O.D.A. (2020b) <em>Ficus</em> <em>in</em> Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB10137 (accessed 13 March 2021)</p>
<p>Pelissari, G. & Romaniuc-Neto, S. (2014) <em>Ficus tubulosa</em> (Moraceae), a new Amazonian species and the re-establishment of <em>Ficus trachelosyce</em>. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 170: 207–212. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.170.3.6</p>
<p>Pelissari, G. & Romaniuc-Neto, S. (2015) A new Amazonian species of <em>Ficus</em> L. (Moraceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 239: 096–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.239.1.10</p>
<p>Pelissari, G., Gaglioti, A. & Romaniuc-Neto, S. (2019) Sinopse de <em>Ficus</em> subg. <em>Spherosuke</em> seção <em>Americanae</em>: citrifolia/pertusa. Novas Edições Acadêmicas, International Book Market Service Ltd., Beau Bassin, Mauritius. 142 p.</p>
<p>Pittier, H.F. (1937) Ensayo sobre la classificación de las espécies venezolanas del género <em>Ficus</em>. <em>Boletín de la sociedad venezolana de ciencias naturales</em> 4: 44–80.</p>
<p>Pittier, H.F. (1943) Notas dendrologicas de Venezuela, Moraceae. <em>Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales</em> 8: 257–260.</p>
<p>Rossberg, G. (1937) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der amerikanischen Moraceen. <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis</em>, 42: 59–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19370420110</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. (1917) The Mexican and central American species of <em>Ficus</em>. <em>Contributions from the United States National Herbarium</em> 20: 1–35.</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. (1935) New plants from the Yucatan Peninsula. <em>Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington</em> 461: 51–91.</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. (1948) Moraceae.<em> In: </em>Maguire, B. (Ed.) Plant explorations in Guiana in 1944, chieflyto the Tafelberg and the Kaieteur plateau – III. <em>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</em> 75: 293–299. https://doi.org/10.2307/2482358</p>
<p>Sprengel, K.P.J. (1827) <em>Caroli Linnaei systema vegetabilium</em>, vol. 4, ed. 16, Sumtibus Librariae Dieterichianae, Gottingae, 410 pp.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2020) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/]</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Urban, I. (1917) XVII. Sertum antillanum. IV. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 15: 98–112. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19170150407</p>
<p>Vázquez-Ávila, M.D., Berg, C.C. & Kooy, F. (1986) New taxa of South American Ficus. <em>Acta Amazonica</em> 14 (1/2), Suplemento: 195–213. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921984145213</p>
<p>Warburg, O. (1903) VIII. <em>Ficus</em>. <em>In</em>: Urban, I. (Ed.) <em>Symbolae Antillanae</em>, <em>seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis, vol. 3. </em>Fratres Borntraeger, Lipsiae [Leipzig], pp. 453–491.</p>
<p>Willdenow, C.L. (1806) <em>Caroli a Linné Species plantarum</em>, vol. 4. G.C. Nauk, Berlin, 1157 pp.</p>
<p>Berg, C.C. & DeWolf, G.P. (1975) Moraceae. <em>In:</em> Lanjouw, J. & Lanjouw, A.L. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Suriname</em>, E.J.Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, pp. 173–267.</p>
<p>Berg, C.C. & Villavicencio, X. (2003) El género Ficus (Moraceae) en Bolivia. <em>Revista de la Sociedad Boliviana de Botánica</em> 4: 81–129.</p>
<p>Berg, C.C. & Villavicencio, X. (2004) Taxonomic studies on <em>Ficus</em> (Moraceae) in the West Indies, extra-Amazonian Brazil and Bolivia. <em>Ilicifolia</em> 5: 1–173.</p>
<p>Carvajal, S. (2012) Sistema para la familia Moraceae en México. <em>Ibugana</em> 3: 3–103.</p>
<p>Casaretto, G. (1842) <em>Novarum Stirpium Brasiliensium Decades.</em> Genuae: Typis J. Ferrandi. 96 pp.</p>
<p>Corner, E.J.H. (1960) Taxonomic notes on <em>Ficus </em>Linn., Asia and Australasia. <em>The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore </em>17: 368–485.</p>
<p>Dugand, A. (1942) Nuevas especies colombianas de género <em>Ficus</em>. <em>Caldasia</em> 1: 25–74.</p>
<p>Fawcett, W. & Rendle, A.B. (1914) Dicotyledons: families Piperaceae to Connaracea. <em>Flora of Jamaica</em> 3: 1–332</p>
<p>Grisebach, A.H.R. (1859) <em>Flora of the British West Indian Islands</em>. Lovell Reeve & Co., London, pp. 1–152.</p>
<p>Hemsley, W.B. (1883) Ficus. <em>Biologia Centrali-Americana, Botany</em> 3: 143–148.</p>
<p>Hernández-Esquivel, K.B., Piedra-Malagón, E.M., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Mendoza-Cuenca, L., González-Rodríguez, A., Ruiz-Sanchez, E. & Ibarra-Manríquez, G. (2020) Unraveling the extreme morphological variation in the neotropical <em>Ficus aurea</em> complex (subg. Spherosuke, sect. Americanae, Moraceae). <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</em> 58: 263–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12564</p>
<p>Herter, W.G. (1940) Plantae uruguayenses novae vel criticae. <em>Revista Sudamericana de Botánica</em> 6: 129–155.</p>
<p>Herzog, T. (1915) Die von Dr. Th. Herzog auf seiner zweiten Reise durch Bolivien in den Jahren 1910 und 1911 gesammelten Pflanzen. Teil II. <em>Mededeelingen van ‘s Rijks Herbarium</em> 27: 1–90.</p>
<p>Ibarra-Manríquez, G., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., González-Castañeda, N., Piedra-Malagón, E.M. & Luna, A. (2012) El género <em>Ficus</em> L. (Moraceae) en México. <em>Botanical Sciences</em> 90: 389–452. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.472</p>
<p>JSTOR (2020) JSTOR Global Plants Database. Available from: https://plants.jstor.org/ (January 2020).</p>
<p>Kunth, C.S. (1817) Urticeae.<em> In: </em>F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, <em>Nova genera et species plantarum</em> 2: 28–50. Paris.</p>
<p>Kunth, C.S. (1847) Enumeratio Synoptica Ficus specierum cum novarum tum congnitarum. Pp. 14–22. Index seminum in horto botanico Berolinensi anno 1846 collectorum: Berlin.</p>
<p>Liebmann, F. (1851) <em>Mexicos og Central-Americas, neldeagtige Planter, ordo Urticaceae</em>. <em>Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs skrifter </em>5: 287–343.</p>
<p>Linnaeus f., C. von (1781, publ. 1782) <em>Supplementum Plantarum</em>: 1–468.</p>
<p>Martius, C.F.P. (1841) Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis. Plantae brasilienses exsiccatae, quas denominatas, partim diagnosi aut obsevationibus instructas Botanophilis offert Dr. C. Fr. Ph. de Martius. Monachii. <em>Flora</em> 24 (2, Beibl.): 1–112.</p>
<p>Miquel, F.A.W. (1847) Prodromus monographiae Ficuum<em>. London Journal of Botany</em> 6: 514–588.</p>
<p>Miquel, F.A.W. (1848) Prodromus monogaphiae Ficuum<em>. London Journal of Botany</em> 7: 64–78, 109–16, 221–236, 425–471.</p>
<p>Miquel, F.A.W. (1853) Urticineae. <em>In:</em> Martius, C.F.P. (Ed.) <em>Flora brasiliensis</em>, vol. 4, par 1, Monachii, Lipsiae, Frid. Fleischer, pp. 78–106.</p>
<p>Miquel, F.A.G. (1867) Annotationes de Ficus speciebus. <em>Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi</em> 3: 260–315.</p>
<p>Nuttall, T. (1846) <em>The North American sylva</em> 2. J. Dobson: Philadelphia. 123 pp.</p>
<p>Pederneiras, L.C., Romaniuc-Neto, S. & Mansano, V.D.F. (2018) Nomenclatural revision of <em>Ficus</em> sect. <em>Americanae</em> (Moraceae): typification of <em>Ficus americana</em> and allied species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 361: 244–250. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.361.2.9</p>
<p>Pederneiras, L.C., Dussán, C.M., Mitidieri-Rivera, N., Romaniuc-Neto, S., Costa, A.F. & Mansano, V.D.F. (2019) Nomenclatural revision of <em>Ficus</em> sect. <em>Americanae</em> (Moraceae): typification of <em>Ficus crocata</em> and allied species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 414: 262–268. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.414.5.4</p>
<p>Pederneiras, L.C., Dussan, C.M., Mitidieri-Rivera, N., Romaniuc-Neto, S. & Mansano, V.D.F. (2020a) Nomenclatural revision of the <em>Ficus</em> sect. <em>Americanae</em> (Moraceae): Typification of <em>F. citrifolia</em> and allied species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 474: 145–153. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.474.2.4</p>
<p>Pederneiras, L.C., Machado, A.F.P., Santos, O.D.A. (2020b) <em>Ficus</em> <em>in</em> Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB10137 (accessed 13 March 2021)</p>
<p>Pelissari, G. & Romaniuc-Neto, S. (2014) <em>Ficus tubulosa</em> (Moraceae), a new Amazonian species and the re-establishment of <em>Ficus trachelosyce</em>. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 170: 207–212. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.170.3.6</p>
<p>Pelissari, G. & Romaniuc-Neto, S. (2015) A new Amazonian species of <em>Ficus</em> L. (Moraceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 239: 096–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.239.1.10</p>
<p>Pelissari, G., Gaglioti, A. & Romaniuc-Neto, S. (2019) Sinopse de <em>Ficus</em> subg. <em>Spherosuke</em> seção <em>Americanae</em>: citrifolia/pertusa. Novas Edições Acadêmicas, International Book Market Service Ltd., Beau Bassin, Mauritius. 142 p.</p>
<p>Pittier, H.F. (1937) Ensayo sobre la classificación de las espécies venezolanas del género <em>Ficus</em>. <em>Boletín de la sociedad venezolana de ciencias naturales</em> 4: 44–80.</p>
<p>Pittier, H.F. (1943) Notas dendrologicas de Venezuela, Moraceae. <em>Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales</em> 8: 257–260.</p>
<p>Rossberg, G. (1937) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der amerikanischen Moraceen. <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis</em>, 42: 59–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19370420110</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. (1917) The Mexican and central American species of <em>Ficus</em>. <em>Contributions from the United States National Herbarium</em> 20: 1–35.</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. (1935) New plants from the Yucatan Peninsula. <em>Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington</em> 461: 51–91.</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. (1948) Moraceae.<em> In: </em>Maguire, B. (Ed.) Plant explorations in Guiana in 1944, chieflyto the Tafelberg and the Kaieteur plateau – III. <em>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</em> 75: 293–299. https://doi.org/10.2307/2482358</p>
<p>Sprengel, K.P.J. (1827) <em>Caroli Linnaei systema vegetabilium</em>, vol. 4, ed. 16, Sumtibus Librariae Dieterichianae, Gottingae, 410 pp.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2020) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/]</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Urban, I. (1917) XVII. Sertum antillanum. IV. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 15: 98–112. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19170150407</p>
<p>Vázquez-Ávila, M.D., Berg, C.C. & Kooy, F. (1986) New taxa of South American Ficus. <em>Acta Amazonica</em> 14 (1/2), Suplemento: 195–213. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921984145213</p>
<p>Warburg, O. (1903) VIII. <em>Ficus</em>. <em>In</em>: Urban, I. (Ed.) <em>Symbolae Antillanae</em>, <em>seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis, vol. 3. </em>Fratres Borntraeger, Lipsiae [Leipzig], pp. 453–491.</p>
<p>Willdenow, C.L. (1806) <em>Caroli a Linné Species plantarum</em>, vol. 4. G.C. Nauk, Berlin, 1157 pp.</p>