Abstract
Lectotypes are designated for following 14 binomials: Ficus chaparensis, F. complicata, F. garcesii, F. halliana, F. morantensis, F. ochroleuca, F. venusta, Pharmacosycea peruviana, Urostigma baccatum, U. cestrifolium forma major, U. erythrostictum, U. populneum forma mexicanum, U. sapidum, and U. subtriplinervium forma ellipticum. Corrections of citations are made in F. palmicida, F. savannarum, U. geminum and U. subtriplinervium forma major.
References
Berg, C.C. (2007) Proposals for treating four species complexes in Ficus subgenus Urostigma section Americanae (Moraceae). Blumea 52: 295–312. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651907X609034
Berg, C.C. & DeWolf, G.P. (1975) Moraceae. In: Lanjouw, J. & Lanjouw, A.L. (Eds.) Flora of Suriname, E.J.Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, pp. 173–267.
Berg, C.C. & Villavicencio, X. (2003) El género Ficus (Moraceae) en Bolivia. Revista de la Sociedad Boliviana de Botánica 4: 81–129.
Berg, C.C. & Villavicencio, X. (2004) Taxonomic studies on Ficus (Moraceae) in the West Indies, extra-Amazonian Brazil and Bolivia. Ilicifolia 5: 1–173.
Carvajal, S. (2012) Sistema para la familia Moraceae en México. Ibugana 3: 3–103.
Casaretto, G. (1842) Novarum Stirpium Brasiliensium Decades. Genuae: Typis J. Ferrandi. 96 pp.
Corner, E.J.H. (1960) Taxonomic notes on Ficus Linn., Asia and Australasia. The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 17: 368–485.
Dugand, A. (1942) Nuevas especies colombianas de género Ficus. Caldasia 1: 25–74.
Fawcett, W. & Rendle, A.B. (1914) Dicotyledons: families Piperaceae to Connaracea. Flora of Jamaica 3: 1–332
Grisebach, A.H.R. (1859) Flora of the British West Indian Islands. Lovell Reeve & Co., London, pp. 1–152.
Hemsley, W.B. (1883) Ficus. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Botany 3: 143–148.
Hernández-Esquivel, K.B., Piedra-Malagón, E.M., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Mendoza-Cuenca, L., González-Rodríguez, A., Ruiz-Sanchez, E. & Ibarra-Manríquez, G. (2020) Unraveling the extreme morphological variation in the neotropical Ficus aurea complex (subg. Spherosuke, sect. Americanae, Moraceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 58: 263–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12564
Herter, W.G. (1940) Plantae uruguayenses novae vel criticae. Revista Sudamericana de Botánica 6: 129–155.
Herzog, T. (1915) Die von Dr. Th. Herzog auf seiner zweiten Reise durch Bolivien in den Jahren 1910 und 1911 gesammelten Pflanzen. Teil II. Mededeelingen van ‘s Rijks Herbarium 27: 1–90.
Ibarra-Manríquez, G., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., González-Castañeda, N., Piedra-Malagón, E.M. & Luna, A. (2012) El género Ficus L. (Moraceae) en México. Botanical Sciences 90: 389–452. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.472
JSTOR (2020) JSTOR Global Plants Database. Available from: https://plants.jstor.org/ (January 2020).
Kunth, C.S. (1817) Urticeae. In: F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nova genera et species plantarum 2: 28–50. Paris.
Kunth, C.S. (1847) Enumeratio Synoptica Ficus specierum cum novarum tum congnitarum. Pp. 14–22. Index seminum in horto botanico Berolinensi anno 1846 collectorum: Berlin.
Liebmann, F. (1851) Mexicos og Central-Americas, neldeagtige Planter, ordo Urticaceae. Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs skrifter 5: 287–343.
Linnaeus f., C. von (1781, publ. 1782) Supplementum Plantarum: 1–468.
Martius, C.F.P. (1841) Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis. Plantae brasilienses exsiccatae, quas denominatas, partim diagnosi aut obsevationibus instructas Botanophilis offert Dr. C. Fr. Ph. de Martius. Monachii. Flora 24 (2, Beibl.): 1–112.
Miquel, F.A.W. (1847) Prodromus monographiae Ficuum. London Journal of Botany 6: 514–588.
Miquel, F.A.W. (1848) Prodromus monogaphiae Ficuum. London Journal of Botany 7: 64–78, 109–16, 221–236, 425–471.
Miquel, F.A.W. (1853) Urticineae. In: Martius, C.F.P. (Ed.) Flora brasiliensis, vol. 4, par 1, Monachii, Lipsiae, Frid. Fleischer, pp. 78–106.
Miquel, F.A.G. (1867) Annotationes de Ficus speciebus. Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi 3: 260–315.
Nuttall, T. (1846) The North American sylva 2. J. Dobson: Philadelphia. 123 pp.
Pederneiras, L.C., Romaniuc-Neto, S. & Mansano, V.D.F. (2018) Nomenclatural revision of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae): typification of Ficus americana and allied species. Phytotaxa 361: 244–250. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.361.2.9
Pederneiras, L.C., Dussán, C.M., Mitidieri-Rivera, N., Romaniuc-Neto, S., Costa, A.F. & Mansano, V.D.F. (2019) Nomenclatural revision of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae): typification of Ficus crocata and allied species. Phytotaxa 414: 262–268. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.414.5.4
Pederneiras, L.C., Dussan, C.M., Mitidieri-Rivera, N., Romaniuc-Neto, S. & Mansano, V.D.F. (2020a) Nomenclatural revision of the Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae): Typification of F. citrifolia and allied species. Phytotaxa 474: 145–153. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.474.2.4
Pederneiras, L.C., Machado, A.F.P., Santos, O.D.A. (2020b) Ficus in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB10137 (accessed 13 March 2021)
Pelissari, G. & Romaniuc-Neto, S. (2014) Ficus tubulosa (Moraceae), a new Amazonian species and the re-establishment of Ficus trachelosyce. Phytotaxa 170: 207–212. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.170.3.6
Pelissari, G. & Romaniuc-Neto, S. (2015) A new Amazonian species of Ficus L. (Moraceae). Phytotaxa 239: 096–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.239.1.10
Pelissari, G., Gaglioti, A. & Romaniuc-Neto, S. (2019) Sinopse de Ficus subg. Spherosuke seção Americanae: citrifolia/pertusa. Novas Edições Acadêmicas, International Book Market Service Ltd., Beau Bassin, Mauritius. 142 p.
Pittier, H.F. (1937) Ensayo sobre la classificación de las espécies venezolanas del género Ficus. Boletín de la sociedad venezolana de ciencias naturales 4: 44–80.
Pittier, H.F. (1943) Notas dendrologicas de Venezuela, Moraceae. Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 8: 257–260.
Rossberg, G. (1937) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der amerikanischen Moraceen. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis, 42: 59–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19370420110
Standley, P.C. (1917) The Mexican and central American species of Ficus. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 20: 1–35.
Standley, P.C. (1935) New plants from the Yucatan Peninsula. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington 461: 51–91.
Standley, P.C. (1948) Moraceae. In: Maguire, B. (Ed.) Plant explorations in Guiana in 1944, chieflyto the Tafelberg and the Kaieteur plateau – III. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 75: 293–299. https://doi.org/10.2307/2482358
Sprengel, K.P.J. (1827) Caroli Linnaei systema vegetabilium, vol. 4, ed. 16, Sumtibus Librariae Dieterichianae, Gottingae, 410 pp.
Thiers, B. (2020) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/]
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Urban, I. (1917) XVII. Sertum antillanum. IV. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 15: 98–112. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19170150407
Vázquez-Ávila, M.D., Berg, C.C. & Kooy, F. (1986) New taxa of South American Ficus. Acta Amazonica 14 (1/2), Suplemento: 195–213. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921984145213
Warburg, O. (1903) VIII. Ficus. In: Urban, I. (Ed.) Symbolae Antillanae, seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis, vol. 3. Fratres Borntraeger, Lipsiae [Leipzig], pp. 453–491.
Willdenow, C.L. (1806) Caroli a Linné Species plantarum, vol. 4. G.C. Nauk, Berlin, 1157 pp.
Berg, C.C. & DeWolf, G.P. (1975) Moraceae. In: Lanjouw, J. & Lanjouw, A.L. (Eds.) Flora of Suriname, E.J.Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, pp. 173–267.
Berg, C.C. & Villavicencio, X. (2003) El género Ficus (Moraceae) en Bolivia. Revista de la Sociedad Boliviana de Botánica 4: 81–129.
Berg, C.C. & Villavicencio, X. (2004) Taxonomic studies on Ficus (Moraceae) in the West Indies, extra-Amazonian Brazil and Bolivia. Ilicifolia 5: 1–173.
Carvajal, S. (2012) Sistema para la familia Moraceae en México. Ibugana 3: 3–103.
Casaretto, G. (1842) Novarum Stirpium Brasiliensium Decades. Genuae: Typis J. Ferrandi. 96 pp.
Corner, E.J.H. (1960) Taxonomic notes on Ficus Linn., Asia and Australasia. The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 17: 368–485.
Dugand, A. (1942) Nuevas especies colombianas de género Ficus. Caldasia 1: 25–74.
Fawcett, W. & Rendle, A.B. (1914) Dicotyledons: families Piperaceae to Connaracea. Flora of Jamaica 3: 1–332
Grisebach, A.H.R. (1859) Flora of the British West Indian Islands. Lovell Reeve & Co., London, pp. 1–152.
Hemsley, W.B. (1883) Ficus. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Botany 3: 143–148.
Hernández-Esquivel, K.B., Piedra-Malagón, E.M., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Mendoza-Cuenca, L., González-Rodríguez, A., Ruiz-Sanchez, E. & Ibarra-Manríquez, G. (2020) Unraveling the extreme morphological variation in the neotropical Ficus aurea complex (subg. Spherosuke, sect. Americanae, Moraceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 58: 263–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12564
Herter, W.G. (1940) Plantae uruguayenses novae vel criticae. Revista Sudamericana de Botánica 6: 129–155.
Herzog, T. (1915) Die von Dr. Th. Herzog auf seiner zweiten Reise durch Bolivien in den Jahren 1910 und 1911 gesammelten Pflanzen. Teil II. Mededeelingen van ‘s Rijks Herbarium 27: 1–90.
Ibarra-Manríquez, G., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., González-Castañeda, N., Piedra-Malagón, E.M. & Luna, A. (2012) El género Ficus L. (Moraceae) en México. Botanical Sciences 90: 389–452. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.472
JSTOR (2020) JSTOR Global Plants Database. Available from: https://plants.jstor.org/ (January 2020).
Kunth, C.S. (1817) Urticeae. In: F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nova genera et species plantarum 2: 28–50. Paris.
Kunth, C.S. (1847) Enumeratio Synoptica Ficus specierum cum novarum tum congnitarum. Pp. 14–22. Index seminum in horto botanico Berolinensi anno 1846 collectorum: Berlin.
Liebmann, F. (1851) Mexicos og Central-Americas, neldeagtige Planter, ordo Urticaceae. Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs skrifter 5: 287–343.
Linnaeus f., C. von (1781, publ. 1782) Supplementum Plantarum: 1–468.
Martius, C.F.P. (1841) Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis. Plantae brasilienses exsiccatae, quas denominatas, partim diagnosi aut obsevationibus instructas Botanophilis offert Dr. C. Fr. Ph. de Martius. Monachii. Flora 24 (2, Beibl.): 1–112.
Miquel, F.A.W. (1847) Prodromus monographiae Ficuum. London Journal of Botany 6: 514–588.
Miquel, F.A.W. (1848) Prodromus monogaphiae Ficuum. London Journal of Botany 7: 64–78, 109–16, 221–236, 425–471.
Miquel, F.A.W. (1853) Urticineae. In: Martius, C.F.P. (Ed.) Flora brasiliensis, vol. 4, par 1, Monachii, Lipsiae, Frid. Fleischer, pp. 78–106.
Miquel, F.A.G. (1867) Annotationes de Ficus speciebus. Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi 3: 260–315.
Nuttall, T. (1846) The North American sylva 2. J. Dobson: Philadelphia. 123 pp.
Pederneiras, L.C., Romaniuc-Neto, S. & Mansano, V.D.F. (2018) Nomenclatural revision of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae): typification of Ficus americana and allied species. Phytotaxa 361: 244–250. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.361.2.9
Pederneiras, L.C., Dussán, C.M., Mitidieri-Rivera, N., Romaniuc-Neto, S., Costa, A.F. & Mansano, V.D.F. (2019) Nomenclatural revision of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae): typification of Ficus crocata and allied species. Phytotaxa 414: 262–268. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.414.5.4
Pederneiras, L.C., Dussan, C.M., Mitidieri-Rivera, N., Romaniuc-Neto, S. & Mansano, V.D.F. (2020a) Nomenclatural revision of the Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae): Typification of F. citrifolia and allied species. Phytotaxa 474: 145–153. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.474.2.4
Pederneiras, L.C., Machado, A.F.P., Santos, O.D.A. (2020b) Ficus in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB10137 (accessed 13 March 2021)
Pelissari, G. & Romaniuc-Neto, S. (2014) Ficus tubulosa (Moraceae), a new Amazonian species and the re-establishment of Ficus trachelosyce. Phytotaxa 170: 207–212. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.170.3.6
Pelissari, G. & Romaniuc-Neto, S. (2015) A new Amazonian species of Ficus L. (Moraceae). Phytotaxa 239: 096–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.239.1.10
Pelissari, G., Gaglioti, A. & Romaniuc-Neto, S. (2019) Sinopse de Ficus subg. Spherosuke seção Americanae: citrifolia/pertusa. Novas Edições Acadêmicas, International Book Market Service Ltd., Beau Bassin, Mauritius. 142 p.
Pittier, H.F. (1937) Ensayo sobre la classificación de las espécies venezolanas del género Ficus. Boletín de la sociedad venezolana de ciencias naturales 4: 44–80.
Pittier, H.F. (1943) Notas dendrologicas de Venezuela, Moraceae. Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 8: 257–260.
Rossberg, G. (1937) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der amerikanischen Moraceen. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis, 42: 59–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19370420110
Standley, P.C. (1917) The Mexican and central American species of Ficus. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 20: 1–35.
Standley, P.C. (1935) New plants from the Yucatan Peninsula. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington 461: 51–91.
Standley, P.C. (1948) Moraceae. In: Maguire, B. (Ed.) Plant explorations in Guiana in 1944, chieflyto the Tafelberg and the Kaieteur plateau – III. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 75: 293–299. https://doi.org/10.2307/2482358
Sprengel, K.P.J. (1827) Caroli Linnaei systema vegetabilium, vol. 4, ed. 16, Sumtibus Librariae Dieterichianae, Gottingae, 410 pp.
Thiers, B. (2020) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/]
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Urban, I. (1917) XVII. Sertum antillanum. IV. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 15: 98–112. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19170150407
Vázquez-Ávila, M.D., Berg, C.C. & Kooy, F. (1986) New taxa of South American Ficus. Acta Amazonica 14 (1/2), Suplemento: 195–213. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921984145213
Warburg, O. (1903) VIII. Ficus. In: Urban, I. (Ed.) Symbolae Antillanae, seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis, vol. 3. Fratres Borntraeger, Lipsiae [Leipzig], pp. 453–491.
Willdenow, C.L. (1806) Caroli a Linné Species plantarum, vol. 4. G.C. Nauk, Berlin, 1157 pp.