Abstract
Tuber mixtecorum is described as a new species from Mexico based on morphological and molecular evidence. This species belongs to the Maculatum clade and is characterized by its subtomentose to glabrous, whitish to pale brown peridium, dark brown gleba, ellipsoid reticulate-alveolate ascospores (15–33.9 × 11.3–23.3 µm), and the putative mycorrhizal association with Quercus castanea in Quercus-Pinus dry mixed forests.
References
<p>Bonito, G.M., Gryganskyi, A.P., Trappe, J.M. & Vilgalys, R. (2010) A global meta analysis of <em>Tuber</em> ITS rDNA sequences: species diversity, host associations and long distance dispersal. <em>Molecular Ecology</em> 19 (22): 4994–5008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04855.x</p>
<p>Bonito, G.M., Smith, M.E., Nowak, M., Healy, R.A., Guevara, G., Cázares, E., Kinoshita, A., Nouhra, E.R., Domínguez, L.S., Tedersoo, L., Murat, C., Wang, Y., Arroyo-Moreno, B., Pfister, D.H., Nara, K., Zambonelli, A., Trappe, J.M. & Vilgalys, R. (2013) Historical Biogeography and Diversification of Truffles in the Tuberaceae and Their Newly Identified Southern Hemisphere Sister Lineage. <em>PLoS ONE</em> 8 (1): e52765. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052765</p>
<p>Castellano, M.A., Trappe, J.M., Maser, Z. & Maser, S. (1986) <em>Key to spores of the genera of hypogeous fungi of North America, with reference to animal mycophagy</em>. Mad River Press, Eureka, 185 pp.</p>
<p>Castellano, M.A., Trappe, J.M. & Luoma, D.L. (2004) Sequestrate Fungi.<em> In: </em>Mueller, G.M., Bills, G.F. & Foster, M.S. (Eds.) <em>Biodiversity of fungi. Inventory and monitoring methods</em>. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012509551-8/50013-1</p>
<p>Cázares, E., García, J., Castillo, J. & Trappe, J.M. (1992) Hypogeous fungi from northern México. <em>Mycologia</em> 84: 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1992.12026147</p>
<p>Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. <em>Nature Methods</em> 9: 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109</p>
<p>Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes—application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. <em>Molecular Ecology</em> 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x</p>
<p>Gilkey, H.M. (1916) A revision of the Tuberales of California. <em>University of California Publications in Botany</em> 6: 275–356.</p>
<p>Gómez-Reyes, V.M., Vásquez-Marrufo, G., Ortega-Gómez, A.M. & Guevara-Guerrero, G. (2018) Ascomicetos hipogeos de la región occidental del Sistema Volcánico Transversal, México. <em>Acta Botánica Mexicana</em> 125: 37–48. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm125.2018.1327</p>
<p>Guevara, G., Bonito, G. & Cázares, E. (2013a) Revisión del género <em>Tuber</em> (Tuberaceae: Pezizales) de Mexico. <em>Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad </em>84: 39–49. https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.31981</p>
<p>Guevara, G., Bonito, G., Trappe, J.M., Cázares, E., Williams, G., Healy, R.A., Schadt, C. & Vilgalys, R. (2013b) New North American truffles (<em>Tuber</em> spp.) and their ectomycorrhizal associations. <em>Mycologia</em> 105: 194–209. https://doi.org/10.3852/12–087</p>
<p>Guevara, G., Bonito, G., Cázares, E., Healy, R., Vilgalys, R. & Trappe, J.M. (2015) Novel <em>Tuber</em> spp. (Tuberaceae, Pezizales) in the Puberulum group from Mexico. <em>Ascomycete</em> 7: 367–374.</p>
<p>Guevara-Guerrero, G., Bonito, G., Smith, M.E., Healy, R., Grupe II, A.C., Cázares, E., Castellano, M.A. & Trappe, J.M. (2018) <em>Tuber aztecorum</em> <em>sp. nov.</em>, a truffle species from Mexico belonging to the Maculatum clade (Tuberaceae, Pezizales). <em>MycoKeys</em> 30: 61–72. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.30.22887</p>
<p>Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K. & Miyata, T. (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 30: 3059–3066. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkf436</p>
<p>Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Meintjes, P. & Drummon, A. (2012) Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. <em>Bioinformatics </em>28: 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199</p>
<p>Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, H. (1978) <em>Methuen handbook of colour</em>. 3rd edition. Eyre, London, 227 pp.</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees.<em> In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE).</em> 14 November 2010. New Orleans, LA, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p>
<p>Mullis, K. & Faloona, F.A. (1987) Specific synthesis of DNA <em>in vitro</em> via a polymerase-catalyzed chain reaction. <em>Methods in Enzymology</em> 155: 335–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)55023-6</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Murray, M.G. & Thompson, W.F. (1980) Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 8 (19): 4321–4325. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/8.19.4321</p>
<p>Payen, T., Murat, C. & Bonito, G. (2014) Truffle phylogenomics: New insights into truffle evolution and truffle life cycle. <em>Advances in Botanical Research</em> 70: 211–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397940-7.00007-0</p>
<p>Pegler, D.N., Spooner, B.M. & Young, T.W.K. (1993) <em>British truffles. A revision of British hypogeous fungi</em>. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, 215 pp.</p>
<p>Piña-Páez, C., Bonito, G., Guevara-Guerrero, G., Castellano, M.A., Garibay-Orijel, R., Trappe, J.M. & Peña-Rámirez, R. (2018) Description and distribution of <em>Tuber</em> <em>incognitum sp. nov.</em> and <em>Tuber</em> <em>anniae</em> in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. <em>MycoKeys</em> 41: 17–27. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.41.28130</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Trappe, J.M. & Guzman, G. (1971) Notes on Some Hypogeous Fungi from Mexico. <em>Mycologia</em> 63 (2): 317. https://doi.org/10.2307/3757764</p>
<p>Trappe, J.M., Molina, R., Luoma, D.L., Cázares, E., Pilz, D., Smith, J.E., Castellano, M.A., Miller, L. & Trappe, J.M. (2009) <em>Diversity, ecology and conservation of the truffle fungi in forests of the pacific northwest</em>. US Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report, PNW-GTR-772, Portland 194 pp. https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-772</p>
<p>Vittadini, C. (1831) <em>Monographia tuberacearum. </em>Mediolani, 88 pp.</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.<em> In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications</em>. Academic, San Diego, pp. 315–322.Wiggers, F.H. (1780) <em>Primitiae florae Holsaticae. </em>Kiliae<em>, </em>112 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Bonito, G.M., Smith, M.E., Nowak, M., Healy, R.A., Guevara, G., Cázares, E., Kinoshita, A., Nouhra, E.R., Domínguez, L.S., Tedersoo, L., Murat, C., Wang, Y., Arroyo-Moreno, B., Pfister, D.H., Nara, K., Zambonelli, A., Trappe, J.M. & Vilgalys, R. (2013) Historical Biogeography and Diversification of Truffles in the Tuberaceae and Their Newly Identified Southern Hemisphere Sister Lineage. <em>PLoS ONE</em> 8 (1): e52765. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052765</p>
<p>Castellano, M.A., Trappe, J.M., Maser, Z. & Maser, S. (1986) <em>Key to spores of the genera of hypogeous fungi of North America, with reference to animal mycophagy</em>. Mad River Press, Eureka, 185 pp.</p>
<p>Castellano, M.A., Trappe, J.M. & Luoma, D.L. (2004) Sequestrate Fungi.<em> In: </em>Mueller, G.M., Bills, G.F. & Foster, M.S. (Eds.) <em>Biodiversity of fungi. Inventory and monitoring methods</em>. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012509551-8/50013-1</p>
<p>Cázares, E., García, J., Castillo, J. & Trappe, J.M. (1992) Hypogeous fungi from northern México. <em>Mycologia</em> 84: 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1992.12026147</p>
<p>Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. <em>Nature Methods</em> 9: 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109</p>
<p>Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes—application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. <em>Molecular Ecology</em> 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x</p>
<p>Gilkey, H.M. (1916) A revision of the Tuberales of California. <em>University of California Publications in Botany</em> 6: 275–356.</p>
<p>Gómez-Reyes, V.M., Vásquez-Marrufo, G., Ortega-Gómez, A.M. & Guevara-Guerrero, G. (2018) Ascomicetos hipogeos de la región occidental del Sistema Volcánico Transversal, México. <em>Acta Botánica Mexicana</em> 125: 37–48. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm125.2018.1327</p>
<p>Guevara, G., Bonito, G. & Cázares, E. (2013a) Revisión del género <em>Tuber</em> (Tuberaceae: Pezizales) de Mexico. <em>Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad </em>84: 39–49. https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.31981</p>
<p>Guevara, G., Bonito, G., Trappe, J.M., Cázares, E., Williams, G., Healy, R.A., Schadt, C. & Vilgalys, R. (2013b) New North American truffles (<em>Tuber</em> spp.) and their ectomycorrhizal associations. <em>Mycologia</em> 105: 194–209. https://doi.org/10.3852/12–087</p>
<p>Guevara, G., Bonito, G., Cázares, E., Healy, R., Vilgalys, R. & Trappe, J.M. (2015) Novel <em>Tuber</em> spp. (Tuberaceae, Pezizales) in the Puberulum group from Mexico. <em>Ascomycete</em> 7: 367–374.</p>
<p>Guevara-Guerrero, G., Bonito, G., Smith, M.E., Healy, R., Grupe II, A.C., Cázares, E., Castellano, M.A. & Trappe, J.M. (2018) <em>Tuber aztecorum</em> <em>sp. nov.</em>, a truffle species from Mexico belonging to the Maculatum clade (Tuberaceae, Pezizales). <em>MycoKeys</em> 30: 61–72. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.30.22887</p>
<p>Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K. & Miyata, T. (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 30: 3059–3066. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkf436</p>
<p>Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Meintjes, P. & Drummon, A. (2012) Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. <em>Bioinformatics </em>28: 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199</p>
<p>Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, H. (1978) <em>Methuen handbook of colour</em>. 3rd edition. Eyre, London, 227 pp.</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees.<em> In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE).</em> 14 November 2010. New Orleans, LA, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p>
<p>Mullis, K. & Faloona, F.A. (1987) Specific synthesis of DNA <em>in vitro</em> via a polymerase-catalyzed chain reaction. <em>Methods in Enzymology</em> 155: 335–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)55023-6</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Murray, M.G. & Thompson, W.F. (1980) Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 8 (19): 4321–4325. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/8.19.4321</p>
<p>Payen, T., Murat, C. & Bonito, G. (2014) Truffle phylogenomics: New insights into truffle evolution and truffle life cycle. <em>Advances in Botanical Research</em> 70: 211–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397940-7.00007-0</p>
<p>Pegler, D.N., Spooner, B.M. & Young, T.W.K. (1993) <em>British truffles. A revision of British hypogeous fungi</em>. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, 215 pp.</p>
<p>Piña-Páez, C., Bonito, G., Guevara-Guerrero, G., Castellano, M.A., Garibay-Orijel, R., Trappe, J.M. & Peña-Rámirez, R. (2018) Description and distribution of <em>Tuber</em> <em>incognitum sp. nov.</em> and <em>Tuber</em> <em>anniae</em> in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. <em>MycoKeys</em> 41: 17–27. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.41.28130</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Trappe, J.M. & Guzman, G. (1971) Notes on Some Hypogeous Fungi from Mexico. <em>Mycologia</em> 63 (2): 317. https://doi.org/10.2307/3757764</p>
<p>Trappe, J.M., Molina, R., Luoma, D.L., Cázares, E., Pilz, D., Smith, J.E., Castellano, M.A., Miller, L. & Trappe, J.M. (2009) <em>Diversity, ecology and conservation of the truffle fungi in forests of the pacific northwest</em>. US Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report, PNW-GTR-772, Portland 194 pp. https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-772</p>
<p>Vittadini, C. (1831) <em>Monographia tuberacearum. </em>Mediolani, 88 pp.</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.<em> In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications</em>. Academic, San Diego, pp. 315–322.Wiggers, F.H. (1780) <em>Primitiae florae Holsaticae. </em>Kiliae<em>, </em>112 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>