Abstract
Eugenia section Phyllocalyx, a mainly Brazilian Atlantic Forest group of 16 species, is revised based on a study of over 2000 plant collections. The relationships of Eugenia sect. Phyllocalyx to other sections in Eugenia are discussed. All species are described and comments about geographic distribution and morphology are provided. An identification key and notes about its conservation status are also presented. Lectotypes are chosen for six species and second-step lectotypification is proposed for two species.