Abstract
Polypodium s.s. is currently a fern genus with about 40 species, and still with a controversial circumscription. The Flora of Brazil online reports just one Polypodium species in Brazil. Here we confirm the occurrence of a second species of the genus in Brazil, and present a taxonomic treatment of Polypodium from this country; this includes descriptions, an identification key, diagnostic illustrations, and comments on the species. The genus is represented in Brazil by two species: Polypodium flagellare and P. kunzeanum. In addition, a lectotypification is proposed.
References
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Assis, F.C. & Almeida, T.E. (2018) Polypodium in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB91541 (accessed 16 August 2018)
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Christensen, C. (1906) Index Filicum. H. Hagerup, Copenhagen (Hafniae).
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Kunze, G. (1850) Index Filicum. Linnaea 23: 209–323.
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Lellinger, D.B. (2002) A modern multilingual glossary for taxonomic pteridology. Pteridologia 3: 1–263.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124209
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PPG I. (2016) A community–derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. Journal of Systematic and Evolution 54: 563–603.
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Presl, C.B. (1836) Tentamen Pteridographiae. T. Haase, Prague, 256 pp.
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Ranker, T.A., Smith, A.R., Parris, B.S., Geiger, J.M.O., Haufler, C.H., Straub, S.C.K. & Schneider, H. (2004) Phylogeny and evolution of grammitid ferns (Grammitidaceae): A case of rampant morphological homoplasy. Taxon 53: 415–428.
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https://doi.org/10.21829/abm67.2004.976
Tejero-Díez, J.D., Aguilar-Rodríguez, T., Terrazas, T. & Pacheco, L. (2010) Arquitectura y anatomía foliar del complejo Polypodium plesiosorum sensu Moran (Polypodiaceae). Revista de Biología Tropical 58: 955–976.
Thiers, B. (2018) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Gardens Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih (accessed 28 June 2018)
Tryon, R.M. & Stolze, R.G. (1993) Pteridophyta of Peru. Part V. Aspleniaceae – Polypodiaceae. Fieldiana, Botany, n.s. 32: 1–190.
https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4421
Assis, F.C. & Almeida, T.E. (2018) Polypodium in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB91541 (accessed 16 August 2018)
Assis, F.C., Almeida, T.E., Russell, S.J., Schneider, H. & Salino, A. (2016) Molecular phylogeny and recircumscription of the fern genus Pecluma (Polypodiaceae-Polypodiopsida). Phytotaxa 247 (4): 235–246.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.247.4.1
Blume, C.L. (1830) Florae Javae (Filices), J. Frank, Brussels, pp. 113–152.
Christ, H. (1896) Filices Novae. Bulletin de L’herbier Boissier 4 (10): 657–663.
Christensen, C. (1906) Index Filicum. H. Hagerup, Copenhagen (Hafniae).
Desvaux, N.A. (1827) Prodrome de la famille des fougères. Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Paris 6: 171–337.
Kunze, G. (1834) Synopsis plantarum cryptogamicarum ab Eduardo Poeppig in Cuba insula et in America meridionali collectarum. Linnaea 9: 1–111.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51054
Kunze, G. (1850) Index Filicum. Linnaea 23: 209–323.
Lellinger, D.B. (1989) The ferns and fern-allies of Costa Rica, Panama, and the Chocó (Part1: Psilotaceae through Dicksoniaceae). Pteridologia 2A: 1–364.
Lellinger, D.B. (2002) A modern multilingual glossary for taxonomic pteridology. Pteridologia 3: 1–263.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124209
Linnaeus, C.V. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 2. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.
Luna-Vega, I., Tejero-Díez, J.D., Contreras-Medina, R., Heads, M. & Rivas, G. (2012) Biogeographical analysis of two Polypodium species complexes (Polypodiaceae) in Mexico and Central America. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 106: 940–955.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01921.x
Moran, R.C. (1995) Polypodiaceae. In: Davidse, G. (Ed.) Flora Mesoamericana. Psilotaceae a Salvinaceae. Ciudad de Mêxico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, pp. 333–366.
Otto, E.M., Janßen, T., Kreier, H.P. & Schneider, H. (2009) New insights into the phylogeny of Pleopeltis and related neotropical genera (Polypodiaceae, Polypodiopsida). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53: 190–201.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.001
PPG I. (2016) A community–derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. Journal of Systematic and Evolution 54: 563–603.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12229
Presl, C.B. (1836) Tentamen Pteridographiae. T. Haase, Prague, 256 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.47011
Price, M.G. (1983) Pecluma, a new tropical American fern genus. American Fern Journal 73: 109–116.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1546961
Ranker, T.A., Smith, A.R., Parris, B.S., Geiger, J.M.O., Haufler, C.H., Straub, S.C.K. & Schneider, H. (2004) Phylogeny and evolution of grammitid ferns (Grammitidaceae): A case of rampant morphological homoplasy. Taxon 53: 415–428.
https://doi.org/10.2307/4135619
Sigel, E.M., Windham, M.D., Haufler, C.H. & Pryer, K.M. (2014) Phylogeny, divergence time estimates, and phylogeography of the diploid species of the Polypodium vulgare complex (Polypodiaceae). Systematic Botany 39: 1042–1055.
https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X683921
Smith, J. (1854) Filices. In: Berthold, S., Fitch, W.H. & Hooker, J.D. (Auts.) Botany of the Voyage H.M.S. Herald. Lovell Reeve, London, pp. 226–244.
Smith, A.R., Kreier, H.P., Haufler, C.H., Ranker, T.A. & Schneider, H. (2006) Serpocaulon (Polypodiaceae), a new genus segregated from Polypodium. Taxon 55: 919–930.
https://doi.org/10.2307/25065686
Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1983) Taxonomic Literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Vol. IV. Regnum Vegetabile 4: 1–1214.
Tejero-Díez, J.D. (2005) Revisión taxonómica del complejo Polypodium plesiosorum Kunze (Polypodiaceae, Polypodiophyta). PhD Thesis (Ciencias Biológicas), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México, D.F., 142 pp.
Tejero-Díez, J.D. & Pacheco, L. (2004) Taxa nuevos, nomenclatura, redefiniciones y distribución en las especies relacionadas a Polypodium colpodes Kunze (Polypodiaceae, Pteridophyta). Acta Botánica Mexicana 67: 75–115.
https://doi.org/10.21829/abm67.2004.976
Tejero-Díez, J.D., Aguilar-Rodríguez, T., Terrazas, T. & Pacheco, L. (2010) Arquitectura y anatomía foliar del complejo Polypodium plesiosorum sensu Moran (Polypodiaceae). Revista de Biología Tropical 58: 955–976.
Thiers, B. (2018) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Gardens Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih (accessed 28 June 2018)
Tryon, R.M. & Stolze, R.G. (1993) Pteridophyta of Peru. Part V. Aspleniaceae – Polypodiaceae. Fieldiana, Botany, n.s. 32: 1–190.