Abstract
During a survey conducted on the freshwater diatom flora of small shallow pools on the Ecology Glacier forefield (King George Island, Maritime Antarctic Region), an unknown spine-bearing chain-forming Pinnularia species, belonging to the Pinnularia borealis species complex, was found. Although it closely resembles the recently described Pinnularia catenaborealis from James Ross Island and Vega Island (Antarctic Peninsula), a unique set of morphological characteristics revealed in both light and scanning electron microscopy clearly discriminates the specimens of King George Island as a new species. Pinnularia subcatenaborealis Kochman-Kędziora, Pinseel & Van de Vijver sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. catenaborealis by an overall smaller valve size, the presence of irregularly formed silica outgrowths on the mantle and small, irregular plates located near the apices. The new taxon is so far only recorded from a small pool with circumneutral pH and very low conductivity.
References
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Van de Vijver, B., Frenot, Y. & Beyens, L. (2002) Freshwater diatoms from Ile de la Possession (Crozet Archipelago, Subantarctica). Bibliotheca Diatomologica 46: 1–412.
Van de Vijver, B., Agius, J.T., Gibson, J.A.E. & Quesada, A. (2009) An unusual spine-bearing Pinnularia species from the Antarctic Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands). Diatom Research 24: 431–441.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705812
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https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.44.1.2
Zidarova, R., Kopalová, K. & Van de Vijver, B. (2016) Diatoms from the Antarctic Region. Maritime Antarctica. Iconographia Diatomologica 24: 1–504.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00460.x
Bukhtiyarova, L. & Round, F.E. (1996) Revision of the genus Achnanthes sensu lato. Psammothidium, a new genus based on A. marginulatum. Diatom Research 11: 1–30.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1996.9705361
Ehrenberg, C.G. (1843a) Mitteilungen über 2 neue asiatische Lager fossiler Infusorien-Erden aus dem russischen Trans-Kaukasien (Grusien) und Sibirien. Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1843: 43–49.
Ehrenberg, C.G. (1843b) Verbreitung und Einfluss des mikroskopischen Lebens in Süd-und Nord-Amerika. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1841: 291–445.
Frenguelli, J. (1924) Diatomeas de Tierra del Fuego. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina 97: 87–118, 231–266.
Frenguelli, J. (1945) El Platense y sus diatomeas, Las diatomeas del Platense. Revista del Museo de La Plata (Nueva Serie), Sección Paleontología 3: 77–221.
Hantzsch, C.A. (1860) Neue Bacillarien: Nitzschia vivax var. elongata, Cymatopleura nobilis. Hedwigia 2 (7): 40.
Kawecka, B. (1980) Sessile algae in European mountain streams. 1. The ecological characteristics of communities. Acta Hydrobiologica 22: 361–420.
Kawecka, B. (2012) Diatom diversity in streams of the Tatra National Park (Poland) as indicator of environmental conditions. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, 213 pp.
Kellogg, T.B. & Kellogg, D.E. (2002) Non-marine and littoral diatoms from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic locations. Distribution and updated taxonomy. Diatom Monographs1, 795 pp.
O’Meara, E. (1875) Report on the Irish Diatomaceae. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Series 2 2: 235–425.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68743
Pinseel, E., Hejduková, E., Vanormelingen, P., Kopalová, K., Vyverman, W. & Van de Vijver, B. (2017) Pinnularia catenaborealis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a unique chain-forming diatom species from James Ross Island and Vega Island (Maritime Antarctic). Phycologia 56 (1): 94–107.
https://doi.org/10.2216/16-18.1
Rabenhorst, L. (1853) Die Süsswasser-Diatomaceen (Bacillarien) für Freunde der Mikroskopie. Eduard Kummer, Leipzig, 72 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8348
Rakusa-Suszczewski, S. (2002) King George Island-South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctic. In: Bayer, L. & Bölter, M. (Eds.) Geology of Antarctic Ice-Free Landscapes. Ecological Studies. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 23–36.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56318-8_3
Rumrich, U., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Rumrich, M. (2000) Diatomeen der Anden. Iconographia Diatomologica 9: 1–649.
Souffreau, C., Vanormelingen, P., Van de Vijver, B., Isheva, T., Verleyen, E., Sabbe, K. & Vyverman, W. (2013) Molecular evidence for distinct Antarctic lineages in the cosmopolitan terrestrial diatoms Pinnularia borealis and Hantzschia amphioxys. Protist 164: 101–115.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2012.04.001
Van de Vijver, B. (2008) Pinnularia obaesa and Pinnularia australorabenhorstii, two new large Pinnularia (section Distantes) from the Antarctic King George Island (South Shetland Islands). Diatom Research 22: 221–223.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2008.9705748
Van de Vijver, B., Gremmen, N.J.M., Beyens, L. & Le Cohu, R. (2004) Pinnularia sofia Van de Vijver & Le Cohu spec. nov., a new spine-bearing, chain-forming Pinnularia species from the sub-Antarctic region. Diatom Research 19: 103–114.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2004.9705610
Van de Vijver, B. & Zidarova, R. (2011) Five new taxa in the genus Pinnularia section Distantes (Bacillariophyta) from Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands). Phytotaxa 24: 39–50.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.24.1.6
Van de Vijver, B., Frenot, Y. & Beyens, L. (2002) Freshwater diatoms from Ile de la Possession (Crozet Archipelago, Subantarctica). Bibliotheca Diatomologica 46: 1–412.
Van de Vijver, B., Agius, J.T., Gibson, J.A.E. & Quesada, A. (2009) An unusual spine-bearing Pinnularia species from the Antarctic Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands). Diatom Research 24: 431–441.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705812
Zidarova, R., Kopalová, K. & Van de Vijver, B. (2012) The genus Pinnularia (Bacillariophyta) excluding the section Distantes on Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands) with the description of twelve new taxa. Phytotaxa 44:11–37.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.44.1.2
Zidarova, R., Kopalová, K. & Van de Vijver, B. (2016) Diatoms from the Antarctic Region. Maritime Antarctica. Iconographia Diatomologica 24: 1–504.