Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2026-08-11
Page range: 163-173
Abstract views: 41
PDF downloaded: 0

Xuaniella thailandensis (Porotheleaceae, Agaricales), a new macrofungus from northern Thailand

Office of Research Administration; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200; Thailand; Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200; Thailand; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200; Thailand
Chiang Mai Zoo; Chiang Mai 50200; Thailand
Office of Research Administration; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200; Thailand; Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200; Thailand; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200; Thailand
Fungi Basidiomycota new taxon phylogeny saprotrophic fungus taxonomy tropical area

Abstract

A new species of Xuaniella, described herein as X. thailandensis, was collected in northern Thailand. This species is characterized by tiny to small basidiomata, a white pileus, subglobose to ellipsoid basidiospores, and the absence of hymenial cystidia. Xuaniella thailandensis differs from X. urbica in having a white pileus, longer basidiospores, and one- to two-spored basidia. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on combined sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) supports the monophyly of X. thailandensis within the genus Xuaniella. The introduction of this new species is therefore justified by both morphological evidence and molecular data. A detailed description, illustrations, color photographs, and a phylogenetic tree showing the placement of X. thailandensis are provided.

References

  1. Antonín, V. (2002) Retocybe Velen. (Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae): Type revisions of species described by J. Velenovský with notes on status of the genus. Acta Musei Moraviae Scientiae Biologicae Brno 87: 201–207.
  2. Antonín, V. (2003) A revision of the type specimens of new species of Delicatula (Agaricales, Tricholomataceae) described by Josef Velenovský. Czech Mycology 54: 205–233. https://doi.org/10.33585/cmy.54308
  3. Antonín, V., Beran, M., Borovička, J., Dvořák, D. & Holec, J. (2011) Clitocybula familia (Fungi, Agaricales)—taxonomy, distribution, ecology and first records in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Czech Mycology 63: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.33585/cmy.63101
  4. Antonín, V., Borovička, J., Holec, J., Piltaver, A. & Kolařík, M. (2019) Taxonomic update of Clitocybula sensu lato with a new generic classification. Fungal Biology 123: 431–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2019.03.004
  5. Consiglio, G., Vizzini, A., Cooper, J., Marchetti, M., Angelini, C., Brugaletta, E. & Setti, L. (2022) The agaricoid members of the genus Porotheleum (Porotheleaceae, Agaricales), Porotheleum emend., Porotheleaceae s. stricto, and new genera for Agaricus floccipes and Mycena subalpina. Rivista di Micologia 64: 99–190.
  6. Cooper, A., Desjardin, D.E. & Perry, B.A. (2019) The genus Mycena (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Mycenaceae) and allied genera from Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, West Africa. Phytotaxa 383: 1–47. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.383.1.1
  7. Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods 9: e772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
  8. Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research 32: 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
  9. Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783–791. https://doi.org/10.2307/2408678
  10. Ge, Y.P., Liu, Z.W., Zeng, H., Cheng, X.H. & Na, Q. (2021) Updated description of Atheniella (Mycenaceae, Agaricales), including three new species with brightly coloured pilei from Yunnan Province, southwest China. MycoKeys 81: 139–164. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67773
  11. Hall, B.G. (2013) Building phylogenetic trees from molecular data with MEGA. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 1229–1235. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst012
  12. Hyde, K.D., Norphanphoun, C., Chen, J., Dissanayake, A.J., Doilom, M., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Jeewon, R., Perera, R.H., Thongbai, B., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wisitrassameewong, K., Tibpromma, S. & Stadler, M. (2018) Thailand’s amazing diversity: up to 96% of fungi in Northern Thailand may be novel. Fungal Diversity 93: 215–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0415-7
  13. Hu, Y., Karunarathna, S.C., Li, H., Galappaththi, M.C., Zhao, C.L., Kakumyan, P. & Mortimer, P.E. (2022) The impact of drying temperature on basidiospore size. Diversity 14: e239. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14040239
  14. Kim, C.S., Jo, J.W., Kwag, Y.N., Sung, G.H., Lee, S.G., Kim, S.Y., Shin, C-H. & Han, S-K. (2015) Mushroom flora of Ulleung-gun and a newly recorded Bovista species in the Republic of Korea. Mycobiology 43: 239–257. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2015.43.3.239
  15. Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) Methuen Handbook of Colour. 3rd ed. Eyre Methuen, London, 252 pp.
  16. Kumla, J., Jatuwong, K., Tanruean, K., Khuna, S., Srinuanpan, S., Lumyong, S. & Suwannarach, N. (2023) A new edible wild mushroom species, Panus sribuabanensis (Panaceae, Polyporales) from northern Thailand and its nutritional composition, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Mycobiology 52: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2023.2295633
  17. Kumla, J., Kaewnunta, A. & Suwannarach, N. (2025) Lentinus saisamorniae (Polyporaceae, Polyporales), a new edible macrofungus from northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 705: 149–161. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.2
  18. Kumla, J. & Suwannarach, N. (2026) Updated taxonomic insights into Auricularia (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota) in Thailand, with a new record of Auricularia sinodelicata. Chiang Mai Journal of Science 53: e2026018. https://doi.org/10.12982/CMJS.2026.018
  19. Kumla, J., Phonrob, W., Lumyong, S. & Suwannarach, N. (2024) Crinipellis siamensis (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales), a new macrofungus from northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 666: 135–145. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.666.2.4
  20. Largent, D.L., Johnson, D. & Watling, R. (1977) How to Identify Mushrooms to Genus. III. Microscopic features. Mad River, Eureka, California.
  21. Latha, K.P.D., Raj, K.N.A., Sharafudheen, S.A. & Manimohan, P. (2015) Clitocybula sulcata–a new species from India. Phytotaxa 208: 63–69. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.208.1.6
  22. Liu, Y.J., Whelen, S. & Hall, B.D. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes: Evidence from an RNA polymerse II subunit. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 1799–1808. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092
  23. Lu, W., Nutaratat, P., Kumla, J., Tibpromma, S., Elgorban, A.M., Karunarathna, S.C. & Suwannarach, N. (2024) Morphological and molecular identification of two new Marasmiellus species (Omphalotaceae, Agaricales) from Thailand. MycoKeys 109: 31–48. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.109.129791
  24. Malysheva, E.F. & Morozova, O.V. (2011) New combinations in Clitocybula: A study of cystidiate Pseudoomphalina species (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes). Sydowia 63: 85–104.
  25. Matheny, P.B., Curtis, J.M., Hofstetter, V., Aime, M.C., Moncalvo, J.M., Ge, Z.W., Yang, Z-L., Slot, J.C., Ammirati, J.F., Baroni, T.J., Bougher, N.L., Hughes, K.W., Lodge, D.J., Kerrigan, R.W., Seidl, M.T., Aanen, D.K., DeNitis, M., Daniele, G.M., Desjardin, D.E., Kropp, B.R., Norvell, L.L., Parker, A., Vellinga, E.C., Vilgalys, R. & Hibbett, D.S. (2006) Major clades of Agaricales: A multilocus phylogenetic overview. Mycologia 98: 982–995. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832627
  26. Matheny, P.B., Hughes, K.W., Kalichman, J. & Lebeuf, R. (2020) Pulverulina, a new genus of Agaricales for Clitocybe ulmicola. Southeastern Naturalist 19: 447–459. https://doi.org/10.1656/058.019.0301
  27. Na, Q., Hu, Y.P., Liu, Z.W., Zeng, H., Qi, L.L., Ding, H., Cheng, X. & Ge, Y. (2021) The first reported occurrence of Leucoinocybe (Porotheleaceae, Agaricales) in China: Leucoinocybe lishuiensis sp. nov. from Zhejiang Province. Nova Hedwigia 113: 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2021/0661
  28. Na, Q., Zeng, H., Hu, Y., Ding, H., Ke, B., Zeng, Z., Liu, C., Cheng, X. & Ge, Y. (2024) Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal five new species of Porotheleaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from China. MycoKeys 105: 49–95. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.105.118826
  29. Osmundson, T.W., Robert, V.A., Schoch, C.L., Baker, L.J., Smith, A., Robich, G., Mizzan, L. & Garbelotto, M.M. (2013) Filling gaps in biodiversity knowledge for macrofungi: Contributions and assessment of an herbarium collection DNA barcode sequencing project. PLoS ONE 8: e62419. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062419
  30. Paloi, S., Kumla, J., Karunarathna, S.C., Lumyong, S. & Suwannarach, N. (2023) Taxonomic and phylogenetic evidence reveal two new Russula species (Russulaceae, Russulales) from northern Thailand. Mycological Progress 22: e72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-023-01921-5
  31. Paloi, S., Kumla, J., Phonrob, W., Paloi, B.P. & Suwannarach, N. (2025) Unveiling the hidden diversity of Termitomyces (Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales) in Northern Thailand: Identification of five new species and the first report of Termitomyces acriumbonatus. Journal of Fungi 11: e830. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11120830
  32. Rambaut, A. (2012) FigTree. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 18 May 2026)
  33. Redhead, S.A. (1986) Mycological observations 15–16: On Omphalia and Pleurotus. Mycologia 78: 522–528. https://doi.org/10.2307/3807763
  34. Redhead, S.A. (2012) Nomenclatural novelties. Index Fungorum 14: 1.
  35. Rehner, S.A. & Buckley, E. (2005) A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-alpha sequences: Evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. Mycologia 97: 84–98. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.1.84
  36. Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
  37. Santamaría, N., Rubio-Casas, L. & Zamora, J.C. (2022) Clitocybula ellipsospora, a new species found in the Iberian Peninsula. Fungi Iberici 2: 75–88. https://doi.org/10.51436/funiber/02.005
  38. Senanayake, I.C., Rossi, W., Leonardi, M., Weir, A., McHugh, M., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Verma, R.K., Karunarathna, S.C., Tibpromma, S., Ashtekar, N., Ashtamoorthy, S.K., Raveendran, S., Kour, G., Singh, A., De la Peña-Lastra, S., Mateos, A., Kolařík, M., Antonín, V., Ševčíková, H., Esteve-Raventós, F., Larsson, E., Pancorbo, F., Moreno, G., Altés, A., Turégano, Y., Du, T.Y., Lu, L., Li, Q.R., Kang, J.C., Gunaseelan, S., Kezo, K., Kaliyaperumal, M., Fu, J., Samarakoon, M.C., Gafforov, Y., Teshaboeva, S., Kunjan, P.C., Chamaparambath, A., Flakus, A., Etayo, J., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Zhurbenko, M.P., de Silva, N.I., Tennakoon, D.S., Deepna Latha, K.P., Manimohan, P., Raj, K.N.A., Calabon, M.S., Ahmadpour, A., Heidarian, Z., Alavi, Z., Alavi, F., Ghosta, Y., Azizi, R., Luo, M., Zhao, M.P., Kularathnage, N.D., Hua, L., Yang, Y.H., Liao, C.F., Zhao, H.J., Lestari, A.S., Jayasiri, S.C., Yu, F.M., Lei, L., Liu, J.W., Karimi, O., Tang, S.M., Sun, Y.R., Wang, Y., Zeng, M., Htet, Z.H., Linaldeddu, B.T., Alves, A., Phillips, A.J.L., Bregant, C., Montecchio, L., De Kesel, A., Hustad, V.P., Miller, A.N., Fedosova, A.G., Kučera, V., Raza, M., Hussain, M., Chen, Y.P., Thiyagaraja, V., Gomdola, D., Rathnayaka, A.R., Dissanayake, A.J., Suwannarach, N., Hongsanan, S., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Dissanayake, L.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Phookamsak, R., Lumyong, S., Jones, E.B.G., Yapa, N., Wanasinghe, D.N., Xie, N., Doilom, M., Manawasinghe, I.S., Liu, J.K., Zhao, Q., Xu, B., Hyde, K.D. & Song, J. (2023) Fungal diversity notes 1611–1716: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on fungal genera and species emphasis in south China. Fungal Diversity 122: 161–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-023-00523-6
  39. Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446
  40. Suwannarach, N., Kumla, J., Khuna, S., Wannathes, N., Thongklang, N., Sysouphanthong, P., Luangharn, T., Wongkanoun, S., Karunarathna, S.C., Liu, Y.S., Boonpratuang, T., Wiriyathanawudhiwong, N., Choeyklin, R., Hyde, K.D. & Lumyong, S. (2022) History of Thai mycology and resolution of taxonomy for Thai macrofungi confused with Europe and American names. Chiang Mai Journal of Science 49: 654–683. https://doi.org/10.12982/CMJS.2022.052
  41. Tarafder, E., Karunarathna, S.C., Dutta, A.K., Elgorban, A.M., Tian, F-H. & Acharya, K. (2025) Morphology and phylogeny reveal two new species and a new geographical record of Agaricus sect. Rubricosi (Agaricales) from West Bengal, India. Scientific Reports 15: e25190. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08102-2
  42. Tarafder, E., Hoque, E., Sherpa, A.R., Karunarathna, S.C., Wang, M., Wijayawardene, N.N., Li, Q., Yu, F., Dai, D-Q. & Watsuntorn, W. (2026) Taxonomy and phylogeny reveal new species of Volvariella (Volvariellaceae, Agaricales) and Volvopluteus (Pluteaceae, Agaricales) from eastern India. MycoKeys 130: 185–208. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.130.183859
  43. Vellinga, E.C. & Noordeloos, M.E. (2001) Glossary. In: Noordeloos, M.E., Kuyper, T.W. & Vellinga, E.C. (Eds.) Flora Agaricina Neerlandica, Vol. 5. A.A. Balkema, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 6–11.
  44. Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
  45. Villarreal, M., Esteve-Raventós, F., Sánchez, F. & Pérez-de-Gregorio, M.A. (2021) Chrysomycena dunicola, comb. nov. (Agaricales, Porotheleaceae), un nombre prioritario sobre Chrysomycena perplexa. Boletin de la Sociedad Micologica de Madrid 45: 43–52.
  46. Vizzini, A., Consiglio, G., Marchetti, M., Borovička, J., Campo, E., Cooper, J., Lebeuf, R. & Ševčíková, H. (2022) New data in Porotheleaceae and Cyphellaceae: Epitypification of Prunulus scabripes Murrill, the status of Mycopan Redhead, Moncalvo & Vilgalys and a new combination in Pleurella Horak emend. Mycological Progress 21: e44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-022-01795-z
  47. Vizzini, A., Picillo, B., Luigi, P. & Dovana, F. (2019) Chrysomycena perplexa gen. et sp. nov. (Agaricales, Porotheleaceae), a new entity from the Lazio region. Rivista Micologica Romana 107: 96–107.
  48. White, T.J., Burns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
  49. Yang, K.L., Lin, J.Y. & Li, G.M. (2026) Stray studies on mushrooms from China. Phytotaxa 746: 1–119. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.746.1.1
  50. Yang, K.L., Xiong, X., Luo, Z., Huang, Y., Huang, R., Chen, H., Lin, J.Y., Yang, Z.L., Li, G-M. & Jia, X. (2025) Human activity impacts on macrofungal diversity: A case study of grazing in subtropical forests. Journal of Fungi 11: e749. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11100749

How to Cite

Suwannarach, N., Meepol, K. & Kumla, J. (2026) Xuaniella thailandensis (Porotheleaceae, Agaricales), a new macrofungus from northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 769 (2): 163–173. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.769.2.5