Abstract
Kalanchoe dissecta (Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae) is described for material from eastern South Africa. The species shares similarities with K. rotundifolia under which it was previously proposed—but not validly published—at the rank of varietas, as “K. rotundifolia var. tripartita” (in 1956), and at the rank of forma, as K. rotundifolia f. tripartita, a combination that was validly published (in 1978). Kalanchoe dissecta differs from K. rotundifolia in vegetative and reproductive characters. At maturity, the leaves of K. dissecta are variously laterally lobate, while those of K. rotundifolia, as the name was epitypified, lack marginal lobes. The new species fits in K. ser. Rotundifoliae, which includes small, generally low-growing, shrubby species with variously urceolate, orangey or reddish flowers that show distinct diurnal movement, and with the flowers becoming tightly twisted post-anthesis.
References
- Adanson, M. (1763 [July–August]) Familles des plantes. Contenant une Préface Historike sur l’état ancien & actuel de la Botanike, & une Téorie de cette Science. II. Partie. Chez Vincent, Imprimeur-Libraire de Mgr le Comte de Provence, rue S. Severin, Paris, 640 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/6958#page/794/mode/1up]
- Bandeira, S., Bolnick, D. & Barbosa, F. (2007) Flores Nativas do Sol de Moçambique. / Wild flowers of southern Mozambique. Herbário, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Maputo, Mozambique, 258 pp.
- Beentje, H. & Williamson, J. [illustrations]. (2010) The Kew plant glossary: an illustrated dictionary of plant terms. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, 160 pp.
- Berger, A. (1930 [Mai]) Crassulaceae. Unterfam. II. Kalanchoideae [sic, Kalanchooideae]. Unterfam. III. Cotyledonoideae. 6. Kalanchoe Adanson. 7. Kitchingia Baker. 8. Bryophyllum Salisb. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, edn 2, 18a. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 378–386, 402–412.
- Crouch, N.R. & Figueiredo, E. (2022) Kalanchoe gideonsmithii (K. subg. Kalanchoe; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a further new species endemic to the Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism in KwaZulu-Natal, eastern South Africa. Phytotaxa 566 (2): 233–241. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.566.2.8
- Fernandes, R.B. (1978) Crassulaceae africanae novae vel minus cognitae. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana sér. 2.a 52: 165–220. [https://digitalis-dsp.uc.pt/botanica/UCFCTBt-E-21-26-29/UCFCTBt-E-21-26-s2-52_1978/UCFCTBt-E-21-26-s2-52_1978_item1/P143.html]
- Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2017) Notes on the discovery and type of Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. (Crassulaceae). Bradleya 35: 106–112. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n35.2017.a9
- Gunn, M.[D.] & Codd, L.E.[W.] (1981) Botanical exploration of southern Africa. An illustrated history of early botanical literature on the Cape flora. Biographical accounts of the leading plant collectors and their activities in southern Africa from the days of the East India Company until modern times. A.A. Balkema, Cape Town, 400 pp.
- Hamet, R. (1907 [novembre]) Monographie du genre Kalanchoe. (A suivre. [To be continued]) Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 2me sér. 7 (11): 869–900 [also independently numbered (1)–32]. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105267#page/939/mode/1up]
- Hamet, R. (1908 [janvier]) Monographie du genre Kalanchoe (Suite et fin. [Continuation and end], with Errata on p. 17). Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 2me sér. 8 (1): 17–48 [also independently numbered (33)–64]. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104945#page/31/mode/1up]
- Haworth, A.H. (1824 [September]) XXXI. Decas novarum Plantarum Succulentarum. (“Mr Haworth’s Decade of new Succulent Plants.”) [Crassula rotundifolia Haw. described on p. 188]. The Philosophical Magazine and Journal 64: 184–191. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53102#page/208/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.1080/14786442408644582
- Haworth, A.H. (1825 [6 July]) III. Decas quarta novarum Plantarum Succulentarum (“Mr Haworth’s Fourth Decade of new Succulent Plants.”) [Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. published on p. 31]. The Philosophical Magazine and Journal 66: 27–33. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53098#page/49/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.1080/14786442508673917
- IPNI. (2025+) The International Plant Names Index. Available from: https://www.ipni.org/ (accessed 5 June 2025)
- Lange, Joh.[M.C.] (1878) Udvalg af de i Københavns botaniske haves frøfortegnelser for 1854–75 beskrevne nye arter, på ny gennemgåede og forsynede med afbildninger, (Hertil tavle II–V). [Kalanchoe integerrima Lange on p. 139.] Botanisk Tidsskrift [Tredie række. Andet Bind] (Ser. 3, Part 1): 131–143 + Plates II–V. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181405#page/147/mode/1up (text); https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181405#page/165/mode/1up (illustration)]
- Lawrence, G.H.M. (1970) Taxonomy of vascular plants, 11th printing. The Macmillan Company, New York and Toronto, Ontario, 823 pp.
- Little, R.J. & Jones, C.E. (1980) A dictionary of botany. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Limited, New York, Cincinnati, Toronto, London, & Melbourne, 400 pp.
- McCracken, D.P. (2008) Saving the Zululand wilderness. An early struggle for nature conservation. Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd, Sunnyside, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 176 pp.
- McCracken, D.P. & McCracken, P.A. (1990) Natal. The Garden Colony. Victorian Natal and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Frandsen Publishers (Pty) Ltd, Sandton, Johannesburg, 99 pp.
- Odorico, D., Nicosia, E., Datizua, C., Langa, C., Raiva, R., Souane, J., Nhalungo, S., Banze, A., Caetano, B., Nhauando, V., Ragú, H., Machunguene, Jr M., Caminho, J., Mutemba, L., Matusse, E., Osborne, J., Wursten, B., Burrows, J., Cianciullo, S., Malatesta, L. & Attorre, F. (2022) An updated checklist of Mozambique’s vascular plants. PhytoKeys 189: 61–80. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.75321
- Pickering, H. & Darbyshire, I. (2015) Crassulaceae [including Kalanchoe]. In: Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (Eds & Comps) The plants of South Sudan: an annotated checklist. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, pp. 155–156 of 400 pp.
- Raymond-Hamet. (1916) Sur quelques Crassulacées nouvelles. Journal of Botany. British and Foreign 54 (supplement 1): 1–33, with foldout between pp. 30 and 31. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36212#page/403/mode/1up]
- Raymond-Hamet. (1941) Sur une nouvelle espèce de Kalanchoe: le Kalanchoe Stearni (Crassulacées). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris sér. 2 13: 331–334. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/252663#page/349/mode/1up]
- Raymond-Hamet. (1948) Plantes nouvelles, rares ou critiques des Serres du Muséum. [Kalanchoe guillauminii Raym.-Hamet]. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris sér. 2 20 (5): 465–467. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54337715#page/491/mode/1up; or https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/235567#page/491/mode/1up]
- Raymond-Hamet. (1956) Crassulacearum icones selectae. Fascicle 2. Published by the author, Paris, Tab. 21–40.
- Raymond-Hamet. (1958) Crassulacearum icones selectae. Fascicle 3. Published by the author, Paris, Tab. 41–60.
- Raymond-Hamet & Marnier-Lapostolle, J. (1964) Le genre Kalanchoe au Jardin Botanique “Les Cèdres”. Archives du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Septième Sér. Tome VIII: 1–110; Plates I–XXXVII. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/280857#page/21/mode/1up]
- Rodewald, S.E., Klein, D.-P., Shtein, R., Smith, G.F., Joyce, E., Morales Briones, D.F., Bernhard, S., Letsara, R., Mertes, H., Hühn, P. & Kadereit, G. (2025) A new phylogenetic framework for the genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) and implications for infrageneric classification. Annals of Botany 135 (7): 1311–1328. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf004
- Rolfe, R.A. (1919 [3 October]) 1631. Kalanchoe densiflora, Rolfe. [Crassulaceae]. In: Anonymous, XVII.—Diagnoses africanæ, LXXII. [Species 1631–1640.] [K. densiflora Rolfe on p. 263]. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1919 (6 & 7): 263–267. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42571#page/276/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.2307/4111530
- Ross, J.H. (1972) The flora of Natal. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 39. Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, pp. 418.
- Small, J.K. (1933) Manual of the southeastern flora, being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. [Illustrated.] The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1554 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.696
- Smith, G.F. (2020) The kalanchoes (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Raymond-Hamet (1890–1972). Bradleya 38: 120–140. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a15
- Smith, G.F. (2022a) Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Raymond-Hamet (1916): a long-overlooked name in K. subg. Kalanchoe. Phytotaxa 550 (2): 208–212. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.10
- Smith, G.F. (2022b) A review of the ecology and natural history of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in southern Africa. Bradleya 40: 161–184. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n40.2022.a15
- Smith, G.F. (2023a) Reinstatement of Kalanchoe stearnii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; K. subg. Kalanchoe), a small-growing, rotundifolioid species, likely from southern Africa. Phytotaxa 613 (1): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.4
- Smith, G.F. (2023b) Who published the name Kalanchoe longiflora (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)? The correct author attribution and typification of this species name. Phytotaxa 618 (3): 254–264. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.618.3.3
- Smith, G.F. (2024a) Expanding and subdividing the southern and south-tropical African Kalanchoe [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): description of K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Raveta, K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Longiflorae, and K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Rotundifoliae. Phytotaxa 655 (1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.655.1.1
- Smith, G.F. (2024b) The unranked infrageneric names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Alwin Berger in 1930 revisited, with publication of five names at the rank of section and one at the rank of subgenus. Phytotaxa 635 (4): 276–286. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.635.4.2
- Smith, G.F. (2026a [13 February]) (3131) Proposal to reject the name Kalanchoe guillauminii (Crassulaceae: Cotyledonoideae). Taxon 75 (1): e70111, 2 pp. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.70111
- Smith, G.F. (2026b) A review and analysis of the nomenclatural and taxonomic status of the names and designations used and proposed, respectively, in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae) by Raymond-Hamet (1890–1972) in the five Fascicles of his self-published Crassulacearum icones selectae that appeared between 1931 and 1963. Phytotaxa. In press.
- Smith, G.F. & Crouch, N.R. (2024) Kalanchoe steyniae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; K. [subg. Kalanchoe sect. Raveta] ser. Rotundifoliae), a new, small-growing, shrubby species from eastern southern Africa. Phytotaxa 659 (3): 268–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.4
- Smith, G.F. & Crouch, N.R. (2025) Kalanchoe olivierae (Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae), a new species from southeastern South Africa. Phytotaxa 726 (4): 246–258. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.726.4.2
- Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2017) Notes on Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa: the taxonomy of a species complex. Haseltonia 23: 57–71. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.023.0109
- Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021) The floristics and phytogeography of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve, northern South Africa. Bradleya 39: 207–220. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a22
- Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022a) Refining the circumscription of a variable species: epitypification of the name Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 555 (1): 109–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.9
- Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022b) Kalanchoe klopperae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a southern African species newly distinguished from K. rotundifolia. Novon 30: 104–109. https://doi.org/10.3417/2022780
- Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023) Kalanchoe krigeae (K. subg. Kalanchoe; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new, small-growing species from northeastern South Africa split off from K. rotundifolia. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 280–288. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.7
- Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (U.S.A.), and Oxford, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814007-9.00003-7
- Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2024a) The correct name for the subfamily containing Kalanchoe is Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae, and not Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae, with amendment of the circumscription of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae. Phytotaxa 672 (3): 293–298. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.7
- Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2024b) “Parting is such sweet sorrow [...]”, or the perils of publishing papers in parts: the case of the nomenclatural novelties published by Raymond Hamet (1890–1972) in his two-part monograph (1907, 1908) of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), with special reference to the new names and new combinations treated (but not first published) in part 2. Phytotaxa 645 (2): 149–162. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.645.2.4
- Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2025) A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55–64. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
- Smith, G.F., Parihar, B. & Almeida, A.M.R. (2023) A review of growth form and plant duration (life cycle) in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in an evolutionary and classificatory framework. Phytotaxa 592 (3): 217–254. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.592.3.3
- Stearn, W.T. (1985) Botanical Latin. History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary, 3rd revised edition, new impression. David & Charles (Publishers) Limited, Newton Abbot and London (U.K.), North Pomfret, Vermont (Vt), U.S.A., 566 pp.
- Thiers, B. (2025 [continuously updated]) Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 5 June 2025)
- Thulin, M. (1993a [March]) A new species of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) from northeast tropical Africa [K. subrosulata Thulin]. Nordic Journal of Botany 13 (1): 51–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1993.tb00012.x
- Thulin, M. (1993b) 5. Kalanchoe. 30. Crassulaceae. In: Thulin, M. (Ed.) Flora of Somalia, vol. 1. Pteridophyta; Gymnospermae; Angiospermae (Annonaceae–Fabaceae). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, on behalf of the National Herbarium, NRA, Mogadishu, Somalia, pp. 90–93; whole work 493 pp.
- Tölken, H.R. (1978) Two new species and a new combination in the genus Kalanchoe. Journal of South African Botany 44 (1): 89–91. [https://archive.org/stream/journalofsouthaf44unse#page/90/mode/2up] https://doi.org/10.5962/p.397049
- Tölken, H.R. (1985) Crassulaceae. 3166, 4. Kalanchoe. 3166a, 5. Bryophyllum. In: Leistner, O.A. (Ed.) Flora of Southern Africa 14. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, place of publication not stated, likely Pretoria, pp. 61–74.
- Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Gandhi, K.N., Gravendyck, J., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Klopper, R.R., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., May, T.W., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J., Smith, G.F. & Zamora Señoret, J.C. (2025) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Madrid Code). Regnum Vegetabile 162. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 303 pp. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226839479.001.0001
- Wickens, G.E. (1987) Crassulaceae. In: Polhill, R.M. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa: Crassulaceae. Published on behalf of the East African Governments by A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 66 pp.
