Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 747 No. 3: 18 Mar. 2026
Type: Article
Published: 2026-03-18
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.747.3.3
Page range: 265-276
Abstract views: 0
PDF downloaded: 0

Gymnopilus poaceophilus sp. nov. (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales) from Mongolia

Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilization (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilization (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; Laboratory of Plant Systematic and Phylogenetic, Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia; School of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 17024, Mongolia
Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilization (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
Gymnopilus Mongolian fungi Poisonous species phylogeny taxonomy Fungi

Abstract

Based on morphological and molecular evidence, the new species Gymnopilus poaceophilus (Hymenogastraceae) is described from Mongolia. It inhabits grasslands and is characterized by a golden yellow to brownish orange pileus that has a cracked surface and lacks scales. Phylogenetic analyses based on combined ITS and LSU sequences confirm that G. poaceophilus forms a distinct lineage, sister to a clade containing G. aeruginosus, G. subpurpuratus, G. luteofolius, G. suberis, and G. hispidus. Despite its close phylogenetic relationship with these species, G. poaceophilus can be clearly distinguished from them by a combination of its unique ecological and morphological features. A comprehensive description and illustrations are provided for the new species.

References

  1. Andersson, C., Kristinsson, J. & Gry, J. (2009) Occurrence and use of hallucinogenic mushrooms containing psilocybin alkaloids. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, Denmark, 121 pp. https://doi.org/10.6027/tn2008-606
  2. Bashir, H., Jabeen, S., Bashir, H. & Khalid, A.N. (2020) Gymnopilus dunensis, a new species from Punjab province, Pakistan. Phytotaxa 428 (1): 51–59. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.1.5
  3. Eberhardt, U., Schütz, N., Krause, C. & Beker, H.J. (2018) Hebelomina (Agaricales) revisited and abandoned. Plant Ecology and Evolution 151 (1): 96–109. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2018.1361
  4. Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes‐application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2 (2): 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
  5. Gulden, G., Stensrud, Ø., Shalchian-Tabrizi, K. & Kauserud, H. (2005) Galerina Earle: a polyphyletic genus in the consortium of dark-spored agarics. Mycologia 97 (4): 823–837. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832774
  6. Guzmán-Dávalos, L. (1995) Further investigations of Gymnopilus (Agaricales, Cortinariaceae). A new section and a new species from Mexico. Mycotaxon 54: 117–124. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.415818
  7. Guzmán-Dávalos, L. (2003a) Type studies of Gymnopilus (Agaricales) I. Mycotaxon 86: 395–423. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.418383
  8. Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Contu, M., Ortega, A., Vizzini, A., Herrera, M., Ovrebo, C., Rodríguez, A., Villalobos-Arámbula, A.R., Palomera, V., Vargas, G. & Santerre, A. (2008) New morphological and molecular data on Gymnopilus purpureosquamulosus and its phylogenetic relationships among similar species. Sydowia 60 (1): 41–56.
  9. Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Mueller, G.M., Cifuentes, J., Miller, A.N. & Santerre, A. (2003b) Traditional infrageneric classification of Gymnopilus is not supported by ribosomal DNA sequence data. Mycologia 95 (6): 1204–1214. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2004.11833028
  10. Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Ortega, A., Contu, M., Vizzini, A., Rodríguez, A., Villalobos-Arámbula, A.R. & Santerre, A. (2009) Gymnopilus maritimus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), a new species from coastal psammophilous plant communities of northern Sardinia, Italy, and notes on G. arenophilus. Mycological Progress 8: 195–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-009-0591-7
  11. Hatfield, G.M. & Valdes, L.J. (1978) The occurrence of psilocybin in Gymnopilus species. Lloydia 41 (2): 140–144.
  12. He, M.-Q., Zhao, R.-L., Hyde, K.D., Begerow, D., Kemler, M., Yurkov, A., McKenzie, E.H.C., Raspé, O., Kakishima, M., Sánchez Ramírez, S. et al. (2019) Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota. Fungal Diversity 99: 105–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4
  13. Hesler, L.R. (1969) North American species of Gymnopilus. Hafner Publishing Company, New York, USA, 117 pp.
  14. Holec, J. (2005) The genus Gymnopilus (Fungi, Agaricales) in the Czech Republic with respect to collections from other European countries. Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, Series B, Historia Naturalis 61 (1–2): 1–52.
  15. Holec, J., Antonín, V., Graca, M. & Moreau, P.A. (2003) Gymnopilus igniculus–find from the Czech Republic and notes on its variability. Czech Mycology 55 (3–4): 161–172. https://doi.org/10.33585/cmy.55302
  16. Holec, J., Borovička, J., Peintner, U. & Kolařík, M. (2022) Towards consolidation of Gymnopilus taxonomy: the case of G. stabilis, G. sapineus, and G. penetrans. Mycological Progress 21 (1): 327–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01745-1
  17. Holec, J., Kříž, M., Kolařík, M. & Žák, M. (2016) Mediterranean fungus Gymnopilus suberis discovered in Central Europe–a consequence of global warming. Sydowia 68: 69–85. https://doi.org/10.12905/0380.sydowia68-2016-0069
  18. Horak, E. (1989) New and additional data concerning Pyrrhoglossum and eccentric or laterally stipitate taxa of Gymnopilus (Agaricales). Opera Botanica 100: 115–129.
  19. Ishaq, M., Khan, M.B., Lu, W., Asif, M., Sana, Tarafder, E., Fiaz, M., Khalid, A.N. & Wen, T.C. (2025) Morphology and phylogeny reveal Leucocoprinus atroferrugineus (Agaricaceae), a new species from Pakistan. Phytotaxa 711 (2): 117–130. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.711.2.3
  20. Kalasyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K.F., Haeseler, A.V & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods 14 (6): 587–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
  21. Karsten, P.A. (1879) Rysslands, Finlands och den Skandinaviska halföns Hattsvampar. Förra Delen: Skifsvampar. Bidr. till Kännedom av Finlands Naturoch Folk 32: 1–571.
  22. Kasuya, T., Kobayashi, T., Kurokawa, E., Pham, H.N., Hosaka, K. & Terashima, Y. (2016) Three species of Gymnopilus newly recorded in Japan. Japanese Journal of Mycology (In Japanese) 57 (1): 31–45.
  23. Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: Multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Briefings in Bioinformatics 20 (4): 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108
  24. Khan, J., Kiran, M., Jabeen, S., Sher, H. & Khalid, A.N. (2017) Gymnopilus penetrans and G. swaticus sp. nov. (Agaricomycota: Hymenogastraceae); a new record and a new species from northwest Pakistan. Phytotaxa 312 (1): 60–70. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.312.1.4
  25. Khan, M.B., Sana, Ishaq, M., Kiran, M., Tarafder, E., Fiaz, M. & Wen, T.C. (2026) Entoloma fissuromarginatum (Entolomataceae, Agaricales), a new species from Battagram District, Pakistan. Phytotaxa 739 (2): 134–144. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.739.2.2
  26. Khurshid, R., Naseer, A. & Khalid, A.N. (2023) Gymnopilus rubellus sp. nov. from the coniferous forests of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Plant Systematics and Evolution 309 (1): 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-022-01838-8
  27. Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) Methuen handbook of colour. 3rd ed. Eyre Methuen, London, UK, 252 pp.
  28. Kühner, R. (1984) Some mainlines of classification in the gill fungi. Mycologia 76 (6): 1059–1074. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1984.12023950
  29. Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016) MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33 (7): 1870–1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
  30. Liu, M.T. & Bau, T. (2019) Gymnopilus minisporus sp. nov., a new species and a new record of the European species G. hybridus from northeast China. Phytotaxa 397 (2): 159–168. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.397.2.3
  31. Matheny, P.B., Curtis, J.M., Hofstetter, V., Aime, M.C., Moncalvo, J.M., Ge, Z.W., Yang, Z.L., Slot, J.C., Ammirati, J.F., Baroni, T.J., Bougher, N.L., Hughes, K.W., Lodge, D.J., Kerrigan, R.W., Seidl, M.T., Aanen, D.K., DeNitis, M., Daniele, G.M., Desjardin, D.E., Kropp, B.R., Norvell, L.L., Parker, A., Vellinga, E.C., Vilgalys, R. & Hibbett, D.S. (2006) Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview. Mycologia 98 (6): 982–995. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832627
  32. Matheny, P.B., Moreau, P.A., Vizzini, A., Harrower, E., Haan, A.D., Contu, M. & Curti, M. (2015) Crassisporium and Romagnesiella: two new genera of dark-spored Agaricales. Systematics and Biodiversity 13 (1): 28–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.967823
  33. Moser, M.M., Ladurner, H., Peintner, U. & Kirchmair, M. (2001) Gymnopilus turficola (Agaricales), a new species from sub‐arctic palsa mires and its phylogentic relationship based on ITS sequences. Nordic Journal of Botany 21 (3): 321–328. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2001.tb00773.x
  34. Mou, G.F. & Bau, T. (2021) Asproinocybaceae fam. nov. (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes) for accommodating the genera Asproinocybe and Tricholosporum, and description of Asproinocybe sinensis and Tricholosporum guangxiense sp. nov. Journal of Fungi 7 (12): 1086. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7121086
  35. Rees, B.J., Marchant, A. & Zuccarello, G.C. (2004) A tale of two species—possible origins of red to purple-coloured Gymnopilus species in Europe. Australasian Mycologist 22 (2): 57–72.
  36. Sana, Kiran, M. & Ali, W. (2025) Inosperma pakistanicum sp. nov. (Inocybaceae, Agaricales) from Swat, Pakistan. Phytotaxa 690 (1): 77–88. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.690.1.6
  37. Singer, R. (1962) The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. Chr. Belser, Stuttgart, Germany, 915 pp.
  38. Strauss, D., Ghosh, S., Murray, Z. & Gryzenhout, M. (2022) An overview on the taxonomy, phylogenetics and ecology of the psychedelic genera Psilocybe, Panaeolus, Pluteus and Gymnopilus. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 5: 813998. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022.813998
  39. Suwannarach, N., Kumla, J., Sri-Ngernyuang, K. & Lumyong, S. (2017) Gymnopilus dilepis, a new record in Thailand. Mycotaxon 132 (2): 337–341. https://doi.org/10.5248/132.337
  40. Thorn, R.G., Malloch, D.W., Saar, I., Lamoureux, Y., Nagasawa, E., Redhead, S.A., Margaritescu, S. & Moncalvo, J.M. (2020) New species in the Gymnopilus junonius group (Basidiomycota: Agaricales). Botany 98 (6): 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2020-0006
  41. White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Ed.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
  42. Yang, W.Q., Li, J.X., He, M.Q., Wang, S.H., Zhu, X.Y., Phurbu, D., Yun, J.M. & Zhao, R.L. (2024) Five new species of Gymnopilus from Xizang autonomous region of China and surrounding areas. Journal of Fungi 10 (3): 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10030220
  43. Zhang, D., Gao, F., Jakovlić, I., Zou, H., Zhang, J., Li, W.X. & Wang, G.T. (2020) PhyloSuite: An integrated and scalable desktop platform for streamlined molecular sequence data management and evolutionary phylogenetics studies. Molecular ecology resources 20 (1): 348–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13096
  44. Valenzuela, R., Luna-Vega, I., Martínez-Pineda, M., Martínez-González, C.R., García-Jiménez, J., de la Fuente, J., Bautista-Hernández, S., Acosta-Castellanos, S. & Raymundo, T. (2023) Novelties in macrofungi of the tropical montane cloud forest in Mexico. Journal of Fungi 9: 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9040477

How to Cite

Cheng, H., Burenbaatar, G. & Bau, T. (2026) Gymnopilus poaceophilus sp. nov. (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales) from Mongolia. Phytotaxa 747 (3): 265–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.747.3.3