Abstract
Ophiopogon rugosus, a new species from Thai Nguyen Province (formerly Bac Kan Province), NE Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is distinguishable from all other members of the genus by its elliptic leaf blades with many small wrinckles arrayed in a checkered pattern on the adaxial surface. Somewhat resembling O. xylorrhizus in its habit and rigid roots, the new species clearly differs mainly by the smaller, adaxially wrinkled, abaxially white-glaucous (vs. pale green) leaf blades with fewer longitudinal parallel veins. Besides morphological and ecological data, we provide notes on its relationships to several similar species.
References
- APG IV (2016) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385
- Averyanov, L.V., Tanaka, N. & Luu, H.T. (2013) New species of Ophiopogon and Peliosanthes (Asparagaceae) from Cambodia and Vietnam. Taiwania 58 (4): 233–241. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2013.58.233
- Averyanov, L.V., Tanaka, N., Nguyen, K.S., Nguyen, H.T. & Konstantinov, E.L. (2015a) New species of Ophiopogon Ker Gawl., Peliosanthes Andrews and Tupistra Ker Gawl. (Asparagaceae) in the flora of Laos and Vietnam. Adansonia sér. 3 (37): 25–45. https://doi.org/10.5252/a2015n1a4
- Averyanov, L.V., Tanaka, N., Nguyen, K.S. & Konstantinov, E.L. (2015b) A new species and two new records of Ophiopogon and Peliosanthes (Asparagaceae) in the flora of Laos. Taiwania 60 (2): 86–90. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2015.60.86
- Averyanov, L.V., Tanaka, N., Nguyen, K.S. & Nguyen, T.H. (2016a) New species of Ophiopogon and Peliosanthes (Asparagaceae) from Laos and Vietnam. Taiwania 61 (3): 201–217. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2016.61.201
- Averyanov, L.V., Tanaka, N., Nguyen, K.S., Truong, B.V., Nghiem, D.T. & Nguyen, T.H. (2016b) New species of Ophiopogon, Peliosanthes and Tupistra (Asparagaceae s.l.) in the flora of Vietnam. Nordic Journal of Botany 34 (1): 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00854
- Averyanov, L.V., Tanaka, N., Nguyen, K.S. & Maisak, T.V. (2020) New or insufficiently known species of Ophiopogon, Peliosanthes and Rohdea (Asparagaceae) for the flora of Laos and Vietnam. Taiwania 65 (1): 61–73. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2020.65.61
- Averyanov, L.V., Tanaka, N., Nguyen, K.S., Maisak, T.V., Nuraliev, M.S., Vislobokov, N.A., Romanov, M.S. & Son, H.T. (2021) New and noteworthy species of Ophiopogon and Peliosanthes (Asparagaceae) from Laos, Vietnam and Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 39 (6): e03130. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.03130
- Baker, J.G. (1875) Revision of the genera and species of Asparagaceae. Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 14: 508–632, with plates 17–20. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8365#page/515/mode/1up (accessed 4 August 2025)
- Chase, M.W., Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009) A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 132–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x
- Feng, H.Z., Peng, C.X., Tan, K. & Lin, Q.W. (2025) Identity of Ophiopogon tonkinensis and O. ogisui, with a new species O. tiandengensis from Guangxi, China. Phytotaxa 700 (1): 45–59. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.4
- Gan, X.-J., Feng, H.-Z., Chen, H.-J., Zhong, P.-S. & Fan, Q. (2024) Taxonomic studies on the genus Ophiopogon (Asparagaceae) I:—identity of O. albimarginatus and O. pseudotonkinensis, and a new species O. guangzhouensis from Guangdong, China. Phytotaxa 662 (2): 121–136. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.662.2.1
- Hao, J.-C., Feng, H.-Z., Tan, K., Liu, L.-A. & Lin, Q.-W. (2025) Ophiopogon ximengensis, a new species from Yunnan, Southern China. Phytotaxa 684 (2): 243–253. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.684.2.7
- Herbert, W. (1837) Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgway and Sons, London, 428 pp. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.116651 (accessed 4 August 2025)
- IUCN (2024) Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria, version 16 (March 2024). Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 25 July 2025)
- Jessop, J.P. (1979) Liliaceae - I. In: Steenis van, C.G.G.J. (ed.) Flora Malesiana. Series 1 – Spermatophyta (Flowering plants) 9 (1). pp. 189–235.
- Ker Gawler, J.B. (1807) Ophiopogon. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 27: t. 1063. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/472608#page/9/mode/1up (accessed 4 August 2025)
- Le, T.M.L., Ly, N.S., Pham, V.T., Nguyen, P.H., Tran, D.B., Dong, L.N., Averyanov, L.V., Tanaka, N. & Nguyen, K.S. (2023) Molecular Phylogeny of Convallarioideae (Asparagaceae), with emphasis on Vietnamese species. Academia Journal of Biology 45 (4): 93–109. https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9023/18765
- Lin, Q.-W., Le, C.-T., Yu, Z.-Y., Sun, G.-F. & Liu, B. (2021) Ophiopogon elatior, a new species of Asparagaceae from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 525 (1): 46–50. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.525.1.5
- Nguyen, K.S., Tanaka, N., Averyanov, L.V., Maisak, T.V., Nguyen, P.H. & Tran, D.B. (2021) Two new species, Ophiopogon dolichocaulis and O. trigonantherus (Asparagaceae), from northern Vietnam. Phytotaxa 523 (4): 291–298. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.523.4.3
- Pham, V.T., Tanaka, N., Averyanov, L.V., Maisak, T.V., Tran, H.T., Nguyen, H.C. & Nguyen, K.S. (2023) Ophiopogon muongnhensis (Asparagaceae, Convallrioideae), a new species from northwest Vietnam. Phytotaxa 591 (2): 171–176. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.591.2.9
- Rodriguez, L. (1929) Ophiopogon nouveux d’Indo-Chine. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 75: 997–999.
- Rodriguez, L. (1934) Hémodoracées. In: Gagnepain, F. (ed.) Flore Générale de l’Indo-Chine 6 (fasc. 5). pp. 654–673.
- Tanaka, N. (1999) Taxonomic notes on Ophiopogon of South Asia III. The Journal of Japanese Botany 74 (5): 261–267. https://doi.org/10.51033/jjapbot.74_5_9367
- Tanaka, N. (2001a) Taxonomic notes on Ophiopogon of South Asia X. The Journal of Japanese Botany 76 (1): 11–19. https://doi.org/10.51033/jjapbot.76_1_9478
- Tanaka, N. (2001b) Taxonomic notes on Ophiopogon (Convallariaceae) of East Asia (I). The Journal of Japanese Botany 76 (2): 59–76. https://doi.org/10.51033/jjapbot.76_2_9491
- Tanaka, N. & Nguyen, K.S. (2023) Nolinoideae (Asparagaceae) in APG III needs replacing with Convallarioideae. Phytotaxa 583 (3): 297–299. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.583.3.9
- Tanaka, N., Truong, B.V., Averyanov, L.V. & Maisak, T.V. (2025) Ophiopogon heterotepalus, a new species from north-western Vietnam. Phytotaxa 700 (2): 243–250. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.7
- Wang, F.T. & Tang, T. (eds.) (1978) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Science Press, Beijing, 280 pp.
- WFO (2025) The World Flora Online. Ophiopogon Ker Gawl. Published on the Internet; Available from: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000026945 (accessed 3 August 2025)
- Yang, Y.P. & Li, H. (1990) Study on the taxonomic system of Ophiopogon. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, Supp. III: 70–89.
