Abstract
Probably the rarest pine species in the world, Pinus rarissima from central Vietnam, is described, illustrated and named, and its present-day distribution is characterized in detail. We classify it as a member of series Dalatenses (of the genus Pinus subgenus Strobus section Quinquefoliae subsection Strobus). It closely resembles P. dalatensis from the same series but also shares some features with P. anemophila from P. series Chylae subseries Wangianae. A thorough morphological comparison of the new pine species with similar taxa is presented, along with a key to the determination of pines of section Quinquefoliae occurring in Vietnam, Laos and southern China.
References
- Averyanov, L.V. (2012) New orchids (Orchidaceae) in the flora of Vietnam. Turczaninowia 15 (1): 11–18.
- Averyanov, L.V. & Tanaka, N. (2012) New species of Peliosanthes and Tupistra (Asparagaceae) from eastern Indochina. Taiwania 57 (2): 153–167. Available from: https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/0372333X-201206-201207110005-201207110005-153-167 (accessed on 25 July 2025)
- Averyanov, L.V., Nguyen, T.H., Sinh, K.N, Pham, T.V., Lamxay, V., Bounphanmy, S., Lorphengsy, S., Phan, L.K., Lanorsavanh, S. & Chantthavongsa, K. (2014) Gymnosperms of Laos. Nordic Journal of Botany 32 (6): 765–805. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00498
- Businský, R. (1999a) Study of Pinus dalatensis Ferré and of the enigmatic “Pin du Moyen Annam”. Candollea 54 (1): 125–143.
- Businský, R. (1999b) Taxonomic revision of Eurasian pines (genus Pinus L.). Survey of species and infraspecific taxa according to latest knowledge. Acta Pruhoniciana 68: 7–86.
- Businský, R. (2004) A revision of the Asian Pinus subsection Strobus (Pinaceae). Willdenowia 34: 209–257. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.34.34120
- Businský, R. (2008) The genus Pinus L., pines: contribution to knowledge. A monograph with cone drawings of all species of the world by Ludmila Businská. Acta Pruhoniciana 88: 1–126, 73 figures, 42 photos.
- Businský, R. (2010) A new species of soft pine from the Vietnamese border of Laos. Acta Pruhoniciana 96: 5–13 & photos 3–6.
- Businský, R. (2013) Taxonomic revision and conspectus of Pinus in Vietnam. Phyton, Annales Rei Botanicae (Horn, Austria) 53 (2): 241–264.
- Businský, R. (2016a) New insight into the morphology of the long shoots of Pinus (Pinaceae). Flora 223: 167–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2016.05.010
- Businský, R. (2016b) Taxonomic revision of Pinus in Vietnam 2., new results. Phyton, Annales Rei Botanicae (Horn, Austria) 56 (2): 129–152. https://doi.org/10.12905/0380.phyton56(2)2016-0129
- Don, D. (1825) Prodromus Florae Nepalensis. J. Gale, London, 256 pp.
- Duhamel du Monceau, H.L. (1755) Pinus Tournef. & Linn., Pin. In: Duhamel du Monceau, H.L. (Ed.) Traité des arbres et arbustes qui se cultivent en France en pleine terre. Vol. 2. H.L. Guérin & L.F. Delatour, Paris, pp. 121–169. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.157600
- Farjon, A. (2001) Word checklist and bibliography of conifers, Ed. 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, 309 pp.
- Ferré, Y. de (1960) Une nouvelle espèce de pin au Viet-Nam Pinus dalatensis. Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 95: 171–180.
- Franchet, A. (1884) Plantae Davidianae ex Sinarum Imperio. Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Sér. 2, 7: 55–172, Pl. 6–14.
- Fu, L.K., Li, N. & Mill, R.R. (1999) Pinaceae. In: Wu, Z.-Y. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) Flora of China 4, Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 11–52.
- Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1931) Kleine Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Flora von China. Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 80 (4): 337–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01246111
- Hayata, B. (1908) New conifers from Formosa. Gardeners’ Chronicle, Ser. 3, 43: 194.
- Hiep, N.T. & Vidal, J.E. (1996) Gymnospermae. In: Morat, Ph. (Ed.) Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêtnam 28. Mus. Natl. d’Hist. Natur., Paris, Alençon Press, Alençon, 166 pp.
- Hiep, N.T., Phan, K.L., Luu, N.D.T., Thomas, P.I., Farjon, A., Averyanov, L.V. & Regalado, J. Jr. (2004) Vietnam conifers conservation status review 2004. Fauna & Flora International, Cambridge, England, 26 & 129 pp.
- Hu, H.H. & Cheng, W.C. (1948) Some new trees from Yunnan. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany (Beijing), ser. 2, 1: 191–192, 197.
- IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines (accessed 21 October 2024)
- Landry, P. (1977) Taxinomie du sous-genre Strobus (genre Pinus): les sous-sections et les séries. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 124: 469–474. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1977.10835774
- Lemmon, J.G. (1895) Hand-book of West-American cone-bearers. Approved English names with brief popular descriptions of the Cone-bearing trees of the Pacific slope North of Mexico and West of Rocky Mountains. Ed. 3. J.G. Lemmon, Oakland, California, 104 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46002
- Li, X.W. (1992) A new series and a new species of Pinus from Yunnan. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 14 (3): 259–260.
- Li, N. & Fu, L.K. (1997) Notes on Gymnosperms I: Taxonomic treatments of some Chinese conifers. Novon 7: 261–264. https://doi.org/10.2307/3391941
- Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum 2. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 561–1200 pp.
- Luu, N.D.T. & Thomas, P. (2004) Conifers of Vietnam: an illustrated field guide. World Publishing House, Hanoi, 86 & 8 pp. (121 pp. in Vietnam. vers.)
- Murray, A.E. (1983) Pinus: unum minutum monographum generis pinorum (Pinus L.). Kalmia 13: 11–24.
- Nguyen, K.S., Averyanov, L.V. & Lin, C.V. (2024) Oreocharis hapii (Gesneriaceae), a new species from central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 652 (3): 235–240. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.652.3.5
- Nguyen, K.S., Truong, H.H., Tran, V.T., Averyanov, L.V. & Lin, C.W. (2024) Sonerila quangnamensis (Tribe Sonerileae, Melastomataceae), a new species from the Truong Son Mountain Range, Vietnam. Taiwania 69 (3): 288–293. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2024.69.288
- Pham, V.T. & Averyanov, L.V. (2012) Hoya longipedunculata sp. nov. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) from Quang Nam, central Vietnam. Nordic Journal of Botany 30 (6): 705–708. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.01588.x
- Pham, V.T., Chinh, V.T., Ranil, R., Trinh, N.B., Averyanov, L.V. & Nguyen, T.L.T. (2017) Phyllagathis phamhoangii (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae), a new species from central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 314 (1): 140–144. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.15
- Phan, K.L., Pham, V.T., Nguyen, S.K., Nguyen, T.T.H. & Averyanov, L.V. (2013) Native conifers of Vietnam. Updated checklist 2013. Ecological Economy Journal (Hanoi) 45: 33–50. [In Vietnamese with English summary]
- Phan, K.L., Pham, V.T., Phan, K.L., Regalado, J., Averyanov, L.V. & Maslin, B. (2017) Native conifers of Vietnam—A review. Pakistan Journal of Botany 49 (5): 2037–2068.
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (2024) Pinus wangii. Available from: https://threatenedconifers.rbge.org.uk/conifers/pinus-wangii#gallery-4 (accessed 15 July 2025)
- Thiers, B.M. (2024) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 21 October 2024)
- Tsiang, Y. (1948) A new pine from south China. Sunyatsenia 7: 111–114.
- Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. [https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php] https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
- Ying, T.S., Chen, M.L. & Chang, H.C. (2004) Atlas of the Gymnosperms of China. China Science and Technology Press, Beijing, 238 pp.
