Abstract
In this study, the stem and leaf anatomy of 11 Turkish species of Herniaria are investigated. The results obtained reveals various anatomical characteristics which are useful to distinguish the examined species and, therefore, having taxonomic value. Especially, the number of stem cortex cells, sclerenchyma, and spongy parenchyma layers were found to be significant taxonomic terms. Stem has collateral vascular bundle for all taxa. The mesophyll type is bifacial for all taxa. Based on the statistical analyses, H. cinerea subsp. euphratica and H. pisidica taxa are separated from the rest of the investigated taxa. Hierarchical clustering shows that H. cinerea subsp. euphratica taxon is separated from other taxa. As a result of statistical analyses and anatomical findings, the systematic position of the H. cinerea subsp. euphratica taxon sould be reconsidered.
References
- Al-Taie, S., Hussein, A. & Al-Saadi, S.A. (2018) Anatomical study of some species of Caryophyllaceae in Iraq. Biochemical and Cell Archives 18: 2173–2179.
- Bittrich, V. (1993) Caryophyllaceae Juss. In: Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J.G. & Bittrich, V. (eds.) The families and genera of vascular plants, vol. 2. Springer, Berlin, pp. 206–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02899-5_21
- Boissier, P.E. (1867) Flora Orientalis, vol. 1. H. Georg, Basileae, 741 pp.
- Brummit, R.K. & Chater, A.O. (1967) On Names Published without Clear Indication of Rank. Taxon 16 (5): 403–406. https://doi.org/10.2307/1216411
- Candolle, A.P. de & Lamarck, J.B. de (1815) Flore Francaise, ed. 3, vol. 6. Desray, Paris, 662 pp.
- Chaudhri, M.N. (1968) A revision of Paronychiinae. Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht 285 (1): 1–440.
- Çelebioğlu, T. & Favarger-Claude, F.E. (1989) Deux espèces nouvelles de Caryophyllacées de la Turquie. Candollea 44 (1): 329–336.
- Davis, P.H. (1967) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. VII. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburg, 513 pp.
- Gangulee, H.C., Das, K.S. & Datta, C. (1972) College Botany, vol. 1 (4). New Central Book Agency, Indian, Calcutta, 920 pp.
- Gay, J. (1847) Diagnoses de six espécies nuovelle du genre Herniaria, extraites d’une monographie inédite de M. Jacques Gay. Revue Botanique; Recueil Mensuel 2: 370–372.
- Hermann, F. (1937) Ubersicht liber die Herniaria-Arten des Berliner Herbars. Feddes Repertorium 42: 203–224. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4870422206
- Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W.G., Borsch, T., Von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S. & Uotila, P. (2015) A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Willdenowia 45 (3): 281–383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- Heywood, V.H. (1998) Flowering plants of the world, 3rd Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 335 pp.
- Jackson, A.K. & Turrill, W.B. (1939) On the Flora of the Nearer East: XIX. Additions, Etc., to the Flora of Cyprus. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 8: 474–480. https://doi.org/10.2307/4113549
- Johansen, D.A. (1940) Plant microtechique. McGraw-Hill, New York, 523 pp.
- Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J.G. & Bittrich, V. (eds.) (1993) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons, vol. 2. Springer, Heidelberg, 653 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02899-5
- Lamarck, J.B.A.P. de (1789) Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique, vol. 3. Panckoucke, Paris, 812 pp.
- Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, vol. 1. Laurentius Salvius, London, 560 pp.
- Metcalfe, C.R. (1946) The systematic anatomy of the vegetative organs of the Angiosperms. Biological Reviews 21 (4): 159–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1946.tb00322.x
- Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary: containing the methods of cultivating and improving all sorts of trees, plants, and flowers, for the kitchen, fruit, and pleasure gardens, as also those which are used in medicine: with directions for the culture of vineyards, and making of wine in England: in which likewsie are included the practical parts of husbandry, 4th ed. Publisher by the author, London, 434 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79061
- Mousa, M.O. & Al-Jibouri, K.D.W. (2019) Anatomical Study Of Stems for Some Species From Caryophyllaceae Family in Iraq. Plant Archives 19 (Supplement 1): 1433–1440.
- POWO (2025) Plants of the World Online, Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: https://powo.science.kew.org/ (accessed 26 January 2025)
- Ruprecht, F.J. (1869) Flora Caucasi, Pars I. Mémoires de l’Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint Pétersbourg. Sér. 7 15 (2): 1–302+ 6 illustrations.
- Schweingruber, F.H. (2007) Stem anatomy of Caryophyllaceae. Flora 202 (4): 281–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2006.07.004
- Van, T., Te Utrecht, A.D.R., De Vooys, D.R.A.C. & Gujarkhan, T.A. (1968) Revision of the Paronychiinae. Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht 285 (1): 3–440.
- Williams, F.N. (1896) A Systematic Revision of the Genus Herniaria. Bulletin Herbarium Boissier 4: 556–570.
- Zarinkamar, F. (2001) Foliar anatomy of the Caryophyllaceae family in Arasbaran, NW Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 9 (1): 93–102.