Abstract
Mahonia nanlingensis (Berberidaceae), a new species from Nanling Mountains in China, is described and illustrated. It is distinguished morphologically from allied species by its 7–9 fine-toothed leaflets, the rounded or cordate apex of the outer sepals, narrowly incised apex of petals, truncate stamen anthers and broadly discoid stigma. Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences further supports its recognition as a new species. Due to habitat disturbance and medicinal use, M. nanlingensis is assessed as “Vulnerable” (VU) according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria.
References
- Adhikari, B., Milne, R., Pennington, R.T., Särkinen, T. & Pendry, C.A. (2015) Systematics and biogeography of Berberis s.l. inferred from nuclear ITS and chloroplast ndhF gene sequences. Taxon 64: 39–48. https://doi.org/10.12705/641.21
- Ahrendt, L.W.A. (1961) Berberis and Mahonia: A taxonomic revision. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 57: 1–410. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1961.tb00889.x
- Boufford, D.E. (2013) Mahonia (Berberidaceae) in Asia: typification, synonymy, and notes. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 108: 251–283.
- Candolle, A.P. de (1821) Regni vegetabilis systema naturale, sive Ordines, genera et species plantarum secundum methodi naturalis normas digestarum et descriptarum. sumptibus sociorum Treuttel et Würtz, Parisiis, 766 pp.
- Capella-Gutiérrez, S., Silla-Martínez, J.M. & Gabaldón, T. (2009) trimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses. Bioinformatics 25: 1972–1973. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp348
- Carrière, É.A. (1855) Rusticité des Mahonia japonica, intermedia, Beali et trifurcu. Flore des serres, et des jardins de l’Europe 10: 166.
- Chen, X.H., Xiang, K.L., Lian, L., Peng, H.W., Erst, A.S., Xiang, X.G., Chen, Z.D. & Wang, W. (2020) Biogeographic diversification of Mahonia (Berberidaceae): Implications for the origin and evolution of East Asian subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 151: 106910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106910
- Chen, Z., Li, H. & Ying, J.S. (2009) Two New Species of Mahonia (Berberidaceae) from Yunnan, China. Annales Botanici Fennici 46: 469–473. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.046.0518
- China Pharmcopia Committee (2020) MAHONIAE CAULIS. In: Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. China Medical Technology Press, Beijing, pp. 87.
- Chun, W.Y. (1928) Four New Ligneous Plants From KwanGtung. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 9: 126–130. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.333852
- Colin, O., Hinsinger, D.D. & Strijk, J.S. (2021) Mahonia lancasteri (Berberidaceae), a new species originating from Sichuan (China) described from cultivation. Phytotaxa 482: 45–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.482.1.5
- Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin 19: 11–15.
- Duan, L., Fu, L. & Chen, H.F. (2023) Phylogenomic cytonuclear discordance and evolutionary histories of plants and animals. Science China. Life Sciences 66: 2946–2948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-023-2456-6
- Editorial Board of Zhong Hua Ben Cao of State Administration of Traditional Chinese (1999) Mahonia. ZhongHua BenCao. Shanghai Science and Technology Press Shanghai, pp. 1914–1922.
- Fedde, F. (1901) Versuch einer Monographie der Gattung Mahonia. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 31: 126–130.
- Fortune, R. (1850) Notes of a traveller. The Gardeners’ chronicle and agricultural gazette 10: 212.
- Gagnepain, F. (1908) Mahonia et Barclaya nouveaux d’Asie dans l’herbier du Muséum. Bulletin de la Société botanique de France 55: 84–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1908.10831342
- Hao, D.C. (2018) Ranunculales Medicinal Plants: Biodiversity, Chemodiversity and Pharmacotherapy. Academic Press, London, 406 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814232-5.00009-5
- He, J.M. & Mu, Q. (2015) The medicinal uses of the genus Mahonia in traditional Chinese medicine: An ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 175: 668–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.013
- Hsieh, C.L., Yu, C.C., Huang, Y.L. & Chung, K.F. (2022) Mahonia vs. Berberis Unloaded: Generic Delimitation and Infrafamilial Classification of Berberidaceae Based on Plastid Phylogenomics. Frontiers in Plant Science 12: 720171. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.720171
- Huxley, A., Griffiths, M. & Levy, M. (1992) The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan, London, 904 pp.
- IUCN (2022) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria (Version 15.1). Prepared by the IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee.
- Jin, J.J., Yu, W.B., Yang, J.B., Song, Y., dePamphilis, C.W., Yi, T.S. & Li, D.Z. (2020) GetOrganelle: a fast and versatile toolkit for accurate de novo assembly of organelle genomes. Genome Biology 21: 241. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-020-02154-5
- Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
- Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Meintjes, P. & Drummond, A. (2012) Geneious Basic: An integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics 28: 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199
- Kim, Y.D., Kim, S.H. & Landrum, L.R. (2004) Taxonomic and phytogeographic implications from ITS phylogeny in Berberis (Berberidaceae). Journal of Plant Research 117: 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-004-0145-7
- Letunic, I. & Bork, P. (2024) Interactive Tree of Life (iTOL) v6: recent updates to the phylogenetic tree display and annotation tool. Nucleic Acids Research 52: W78–W82. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae268
- Li, Y.L., Kvaček, Z., Ferguson, D.K., Wang, Y.F., Li, C.S., Yang, J., Ying, T.S., Ablaev, A.G. & Liu, H.M. (2010) The fossil record of Berberis (Berberidaceae) from the Palaeocene of NE China and interpretations of the evolution and phytogeography of the genus. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 160: 10–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.01.001
- Lindley, J. (1846) Sketch of a Visit to China, in search of New Plants. The Journal of the Horticultural Society of London 1: 231.
- Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 572 pp.
- Loconte, H. (1993) Berberidaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J.G. & Bittrich, V. (eds.) Flowering Plants · Dicotyledons: Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid Families. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 147–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02899-5_14
- Lowe, T.M. & Chan, P.P. (2016) tRNAscan-SE On-line: integrating search and context for analysis of transfer RNA genes. Nucleic Acids Research 44: W54–W57. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw413
- Minh, B.Q., Schmidt, H.A., Chernomor, O., Schrempf, D., Woodhams, M.D., von Haeseler, A. & Lanfear, R. (2020) IQ-TREE 2: New Models and Efficient Methods for Phylogenetic Inference in the Genomic Era. Molecular Biology and Evolution 37: 1530–1534. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa015
- Nuttall, T. (1818) The genera of North American plants, and a catalogue of the species, to the year 1817. Printed for the author by D. Heartt, Philadelphia, 319 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.24647
- Peng, Y., Chen, S.B., Liu, Y., Chen, S.L. & Xiao, P.G. (2006) A pharmacophylogenetic study of the Berberidaceae (s.l.). Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 44: 241–257. https://doi.org/10.1360/aps040149
- Pursh, F. (1814) Flora Americae Septentrionalis; or, A systematic arrangement and description of the plants of North America. Containing, besides what have been described by preceding authors, many new and rare species, collected during twelve years travels and residence in that country. Printed for White, Cochrance, and co, London, 410 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.100
- Qu, X.J., Moore, M.J., Li, D.Z. & Yi, T.S. (2019) PGA: a software package for rapid, accurate, and flexible batch annotation of plastomes. Plant Methods 15: 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-019-0435-7
- Raven, P.H. (1963) Amphitropical Relationships in the Floras of North and South America. The Quarterly Review of Biology 38: 151–177. https://doi.org/10.1086/403797
- Rix, M. (2003) Review of The Genus Epimedium and other herbaceous Berberidaceae. including the genus Podophyllum. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 20: 58–63.
- Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van Der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
- Schneider, C.K. (1913) Berberidaceae. In: Sargent, C.S. & Wilson, E.H. (eds.) Plantae Wilsonianae: an enumeration of the woody plants collected in western China for the Arnold arboretum of Harvard university during the years 1907, 1908, and 1910. The University press, Cambridge, pp. 353–386.
- Takeda, H. (1917) Contributions to the knowledge of the Old World species of the genus Mahonia. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 6: 209–248.
- Tong, R., Gui, C., Zhang, Y., Su, N., Hou, X., Liu, M., Yang, Z., Kang, B., Chang, Z., Jabbour, F. & Zhao, L. (2022) Phylogenomics, plastome structure and species identification in Mahonia (Berberidaceae). BMC Genomics 23: 766. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08964-0
- Wang, W., Chen, Z.D., Liu, Y., Li, R.Q. & Li, J.H. (2007) Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Diversification of Berberidaceae in the Northern Hemisphere. Systematic Botany 32: 731–742. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364407783390791
- Wang, Y.S. & Xiao, P.G. (1985) Four New Species of Mahonia (Berberidaceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 23: 308–310.
- Wu, J.Y., Ogisu, M., Qin, H.N. & Lu, S.N. (2009a) A new species of Mahonia Nutt. (Berberidaceae) from China. Botanical Studies 50: 487–492.
- Wu, J.Y., Qin, H.N. & He, S.Z. (2009b) A new species of Mahonia (Berberidaceae) from China. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 159: 357–361. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00915.x
- Ying, J.S. & Boufford, D.E. (2001) Mahonia. In: Wu, Z.Y. (eds.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 308–309.
- Ying, J.S., Boufford, D.E. & Brach, A.R. (2011) Mahonia. In: Wu, Z.Y. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) Flora of China. Science Press, Beijing; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, MO, pp. 772–782.
- Yu, C.C. & Chung, K.F. (2017) Why Mahonia? Molecular recircumscription of Berberis s.l., with the description of two new genera, Alloberberis and Moranothamnus. Taxon 66: 1371–1392. https://doi.org/10.12705/666.6