Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2024-11-20
Page range: 127-148
Abstract views: 90
PDF downloaded: 9

Kalanchoe tomentosa (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae), a variable, shrubby, and completely tomentose species from Madagascar, with reference to its horticultural derivatives

Ria Olivier Herbarium, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031 South Africa.
cultivars hybrids new Groups nothospecies trade designations Eudicots

Abstract

The Malagasy Kalanchoe tomentosa (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae) is a variable, tomentose, and shrubby species from which numerous morphological variants have been selected as cultivars. Other variants are distributed under monikers presented as cultivar names, but it is likely that at least some of these have not been established as such under the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP or Cultivated Plant Code). The monikers therefore variously serve as common names only, or as trade designations, which are not regulated by the ICNCP. Only a few of the established cultivar names, notably K. ×edwardii ‘Fang’ and K. ×edwardii ‘Roseleaf’, were derived from hybrid material of which K. tomentosa, the species itself, therefore, is one parent. An overview is presented of as many as possible of the widely used, established and apparently not established, names usually presented as cultivar names that apply to material derived from K. tomentosa. A large selection of these is illustrated. Three Groups are established under K. tomentosa, based on the predominant colour of the tomentum that cover the ad- and abaxial leaf surfaces. The Groups are: (1) K. tomentosa Silvery White Group; (2) K. tomentosa Reddish Brown Group; and (3) K. tomentosa Greenish Golden Group. One new cultivar is described.

References

  1. Adanson, M. (1763 [July–August]) Familles des plantes. Contenant une Préface Historike fur l’état ancien & actuel de la Botanike, & une Téorie de cette Science. II. Partie. Chez Vincent, Imprimeur-Libraire de Mgr le Comte de Provence, rue S. Severin, Paris, 640 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/6958#page/794/mode/1up]
  2. Allorge-Boiteau, L. (1996) Madagascar centre de spéciation et d’origine du genre Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae). In: Lourenço, W.R. (Ed.) Biogéographie de Madagascar, Actes du Colloque International Biogéographie de Madagascar. Société de Biogéographie—Muséum—Orstom. Paris (France) du 26 au 28 septembre 1995. Orstom Éditions, Paris, pp. 137–145.
  3. Applequist, W.L. (2024) Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 75. Taxon 73 (1): 288–304. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.13134
  4. Bailey, L.H. & Bailey, E.Z. (1976) Hortus Third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Revised and expanded by The Staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University. Macmillan Publishing Company New York, and Collier Macmillan Publishers, London, 1290 pp.
  5. Baker, J.G. (1882) Contributions to the flora of central Madagascar (continued from p. 70 and to be continued). Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. London 20: 109–114. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35873#page/125/mode/1up]
  6. Baldwin, D.L. (2013) Succulents simplified. Growing, designing, and crafting with 100 easy-care varieties. Timber Press, Inc., Portland and London, 272 pp.
  7. Beentje, H. & Williamson, J. [illustrations]. (2010) The Kew plant glossary: an illustrated dictionary of plant terms. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, 160 pp.
  8. Berger, A. (1930 [Mai]) Crassulaceae. Unterfam. II. Kalanchoideae [sic, Kalanchooideae]. 6. Kalanchoe Adanson. 7. Kitchingia Baker. 8. Bryophyllum Salisb. In: A. Engler & K. Prantl (Eds.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. edn 2, 18a. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 378–386, 402–412.
  9. Blanco, F.M. (1845) Flora de Filipinas, segun el sistema sexual de Linneo: [...] segunda impresion, corregida y aumentada por el mismo autor. D. Miguel Sanchez, Manila, 619 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48447
  10. Bloemen Bureau Holland. (1999/2000) Potplanten, pot plants, Topfpflanzen, plantes en pot, piante da vaso, planta en particular. 1999/2000. Bloemen Bureau Holland, Leiden, 150 pp.
  11. Boiteau, P. & Allorge-Boiteau, L. (1995) Kalanchoe (Crassulacées) de Madagascar. Systématique, écophysiologie et phytochimie. ICSN, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, Éditions Karthala, Paris, 252 pp.
  12. Brickell, C. (Editor-in-Chief) (1998) The Royal Horticultural Society A–Z encyclopedia of garden plants. Corrected reprint. Dorling Kindersley, London, 1080 pp.
  13. Brickell, C. (Editor-in-Chief) (2003) The Royal Horticultural Society A–Z encyclopedia of garden plants. Vol. 2. K–Z. Revised edition. Dorling Kindersley, London, pp. 593–1128.
  14. Brickell, C. (Editor-in-Chief) (2019) Encyclopedia of plants and flowers, new edition. Fourth edition. [8000 plants with more than 1400 new entries]. Dorling Kindersley Limited, a division of Penguin Random House LLC, New York, 744 pp.
  15. Brickell, C.D., Alexander, C., Cubey, J.J., David, J.C., Hoffman, M.H.A., Leslie, A.C., Malécot, V. & Xiaobai, Jin. (2016 [June]). International code of nomenclature for cultivated plants (ICNCP or Cultivated Plant Code), incorporating the Rules and Recommendations for naming plants in cultivation adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences and the International Commission for the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants. 9th edn. International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Leuven, Belgium. Scripta Horticulturae 18: 1–190. [https://www.ishs.org/sites/default/files/static/ScriptaHorticulturae_18.pdf]
  16. Brown Folsom, D., Trager, J.N., Folsom, J., Clements, J. & Scott, N. (1995) Dry climate gardening with succulents. In: McDonald, E. (Series Ed.) The American Garden Guides. Pantheon Books, Knopf Publishing Group, New York, 224 pp.
  17. Bryant, G., Bryant, K., Rutherford, B. & Vogan, R. (2005) Cacti & Succulents. Kalanchoe. In: Barnard, L., Edwards, A., Etherington, K., Imwold, D., King, E., Malone, M. & Parker, J. (Eds.) The ultimate plant book. New Holland, London, 1024 pp.
  18. Charles, G. (2003) Cacti and succulents. The Crowood Press Limited, Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, U.K., 192 pp.
  19. Descoings, B. (2006) Le genre Kalanchoe structure et définition. Journal de Botanique de la Société Botanique de France 33: 3–28 + two figures. https://doi.org/10.3406/jobot.2006.2006
  20. Dortort, F. (2011) The Timber Press guide to succulent plants of the world. A comprehensive reference to more than 2000 species. Timber Press, Inc., Portland and London, 344 pp.
  21. Drake del Castillo, E. (1903) Note sur les plantes recueillies par M. Guillaume Grandidier dans le sud de Madagascar, en 1898 et 1901. (A suivre). Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle 9: 35–46. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42893852#page/45/mode/1up]
  22. Durrant, L. (Compiler) (2020) Kalanchoe. In: Cubey, J. (Ed.) RHS plant finder 2020. Royal Horticultural Society. London, 990 pp., final two pages not numbered.
  23. Elliott, B. (2004) The Royal Horticultural Society. A history 1804–2004. Phillimore & Co., Ltd, Chicester, West Sussex, England, 432 pp.
  24. Flower Council of Holland. (2004) Plants from Holland naturally. 2005/2006. Potplanten, pot plants, Topfpflanzen, plantes en pot, piante da vaso, plantas de maceta. Flower Council of Holland, Leiden, 134 pp.
  25. Forsskål, P. (1775) Flora Ægyptiaco-Arabica. Sive descriptiones plantarum, Quas per Ægyptum inferiorem et Arabiam felicem detexit […]. Ex officina Mölleri, aulæ Typographi. Prostat apud Heineck et Faber, Hauniæ, 220 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6625
  26. Graf, A.B. (1980 [January]) Exotica series 3. Pictorial cyclopedia of exotic plants from tropical regions. [12,000 illustrations, 204 plants in colour, guide to care of plants indoors, horticultural colour guide, plant geography]. 10th edition. Roehrs Company Inc., E. Rutherford, N.J. 07073, USA, 1834 pp.
  27. Hamet, R. (1908 [avril]) Kalanchoe luciae sp. nov. Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier, 2me sér., 8 (4): 254–257. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104945#page/290/mode/1up]
  28. Hamet, R. & Perrier de la Bâthie, J.M.H.A. (1912) Contribution à l’étude des Crassulacées malgaches. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, sér. 9, 16: 361–377. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24564#page/771/mode/1up]
  29. Harvey, W.H. (1862) Order LIII. Crassulaceae, D.C. VIII. Kalanchoe, Adans. In: W.H. Harvey & O.W. Sonder, Flora capensis [being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal] 2. L. Reeve & Co., Ltd, Kent, pp. 378–380. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/15233#page/386/mode/1up]
  30. Hay, R. (Consultant Editor) (1980) Reader’s Digest encyclopaedia of garden plants and flowers. 2nd edn, 1st reprint. The Reader’s Digest Association Limited, London, New York, Montreal, Sydney, Cape Town, 800 pp.
  31. Hirose, Y. & Yokoi, M. (1998) Variegated plants in color. Varie Nine Ltd., Iwakuni, Japan, 296 pp.
  32. IPNI (2024 onwards) The International Plant Names Index. Available from: https://www.ipni.org/ (accessed March 2024).
  33. Ježek, Z. & Kunte, L. (2005) The complete encyclopedia of succulents. Rebo Publishers, Lisse, The Netherlands, 303 pp.
  34. Lawrence, G.H.M. (1970) Taxonomy of vascular plants, 11th printing. The Macmillan Company, New York and Toronto, Ontario, 823 pp.
  35. Merrick, J. (Compiler) (2008) Kalanchoe. Crassulaceae. In: Armitage, J., Cubey, J., Edwards, D. & Lancaster, N. (Eds.) RHS plant finder 2008–2009. Compiled by the Royal Horticultural Society, 22nd edn. Dorling Kindersley, London, 970 pp., final six pages not numbered.
  36. Moore, J. (2017) Soft succulents. Aeoniums, echeverias, crassulas, sedums, kalanchoes, and related plants. Published by the author, place of publication not stated [Solana Succulents], 290 pp.
  37. Persoon, C.H. (1805 [1 April–15 June]) Synopsis plantarum, seu enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitorum. Pars prima. Apud Carol. Frid. Cramerum, Parisiis lutetiorum [Paris] et apud J.G. Cottam, Tubingæ [London], 546 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.638
  38. Rauh, W. (1995) Succulent and xerophytic plants of Madagascar. Vol. 1 [of two volumes]. Strawberry Press, Mill Valley, California, 343 pp.
  39. Roan, H.M. (1953) Cactus and other succulent plants. A primer. 3rd edn. Nicholas Kaye Limited, London, 91 pp.
  40. Shaw, J.M.H. (2008) An investigation of the cultivated Kalanchoe daigremontiana group, with a checklist of Kalanchoe cultivars. Hanburyana 3: 17–79.
  41. Smith, G.F. (2020) Typification of the infrageneric names published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Alwin Berger. Phytotaxa 453 (1): 52–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.453.1.6
  42. Smith, G.F. (2022a) A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus. Phytotaxa 560 (2): 153–185. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.2.2
  43. Smith, G.F. (2022b) Identity of Kalanchoe ‘Fang’ and K. ‘Rose Leaf’, two cultivars derived from K. ×edwardii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), with notes on aspects of interspecific hybridisation in the genus. Bradleya 40: 151–160. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n40.2022.a14
  44. Smith, G.F. (2023a) Taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe beharensis (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a variable, arborescent species from Madagascar, with reference to its horticultural derivatives. Phytotaxa 612 (1): 1–32. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.1
  45. Smith, G.F. (2023b [April]) (2947) Proposal to reject the name Bryophyllum triangulare (Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae). Taxon 72 (2): 435–436. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12922
  46. Smith, G.F. (2023c) Taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe tomentosa (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a variable, completely hairy species from Madagascar. Phytotaxa 609 (4): 289–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.4.5
  47. Smith, G.F. (2023d) The ‘woody clade’ in Kalanchoe: reinstatement and amendment of K. subg. Calophygia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) published by Bernard Marie Descoings in 2006. Phytotaxa 616 (2): 113–127. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.616.2.1
  48. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2020) Kalanchoe ×gildenhuysii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new nothospecies derived from K. millotii and K. tomentosa. Phytotaxa 442 (1): 43–46. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.442.1.8
  49. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (U.S.A.), and Oxford, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-00602-X
  50. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022a) The nomenclature and taxonomy of Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae resolved. Phytotaxa 555 (3): 241–251. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.3.3
  51. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022b) (2908) Proposal to reject the name Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae (Crassulaceae). Taxon 71 (4): 910–911. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12778
  52. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2024) The correct name for the subfamily containing Kalanchoe is Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae, and not Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae, with amendment of the circumscription of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae. Phytotaxa (in press).
  53. Smith, G.F., Parihar, B. & Almeida, A.M.R. (2023) A review of growth form and plant duration (life cycle) in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in an evolutionary and classificatory framework. Phytotaxa 592 (3): 217–254. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.592.3.3
  54. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2020) Kalanchoe ×edwardii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a nothospecies derived from K. beharensis and K. tomentosa. Phytotaxa 475 (2): 117–124. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.475.2.6
  55. Smith, G.F., Shtein, R., Klein, D.-P., Parihar, B., Almeida, A., Rodewald, S. & Kadereit, G. (2021) Special Review. Sexual and asexual reproduction in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae): a review of known and newly recorded strategies. Haseltonia 28: 2–22. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0101
  56. Springate, L.S. (1995) Crassulaceae. 3. Kalanchöe Adanson. In: Cullen, J., Alexander, J.C.M., Brady, A., Brickell, C.D., Green, P.S., Heywood, V.H., Jörgensen, P-M., Jury, S.L., Knees, S.G., Leslie, A.C., Matthews, V.A., Robson, N.K.B., Walters, S.M., Wijnands, D.O. & Yeo, P.F. (Eds.) The European Garden Flora. A manual for the identification of plants cultivated in Europe, both out-of-doors and under glass. Vol. IV. Dicotyledons (Part II). Press Syndicate of the Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York and Melbourne, pp. 178–185.
  57. Stearn, W.T. (1985) Botanical Latin. History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary, 3rd revised edition, new impression. David & Charles (Publishers) Limited, Newton Abbot and London (U.K.), North Pomfret, Vermont (Vt), U.S.A., 566 pp.
  58. Thiers, B. (2024 [continuously updated]) Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed March 2024)
  59. Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
  60. Von Poellnitz, [J.]K.[L.A.] (1934) XV. Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Centralblatt für Sammlung und Veröffentlichung von Einzeldiagnosen neuer Pflanzen 35: 159–160. [http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=6015]
  61. Von Willert, D.J., Eller, B.M., Werger, M.J.A., Brinckmann, E. & Ihlenfeldt, H.-D. (1992) Life strategies of succulents in deserts, with special reference to the Namib Desert. Cambridge Studies in Ecology. [Series editors R.S.K. Barnes, H.J.B. Birks, E.F. Connor & R.T. Paine.] Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (U.K.), New York, Port Chester, Melbourne, & Sydney, 340 pp.
  62. Walker, C.C. (2021) Kalanchoe tomentosa. Cactus and Succulent Review 29: 38.
  63. Wilson, K.L. (2024 [August]) Report of the General Committee: 31. Taxon 73 (4): 1081–1084. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.13224