Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 653 No. 2: 18 Jun. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-06-18
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.653.2.3
Page range: 134-154
Abstract views: 3
PDF downloaded: 0

Identification of a new species and three new records of Chaetomiaceae associated with commercial herbal teas in northern Thailand

Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
1 new taxon airborne fungi herbal teas multigene phylogeny taxonomy Fungi

Abstract

This study aimed to identify fungi associated with commercial herbal teas from local markets in Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai, Thailand. A new species, Arcopilus albae was isolated from mulberry leaf tea and identified based on evidence from molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of a combined ITS, LSU, TUB2, and RPB2 dataset indicated that the new species is a distinct taxon with high statistical support. Furthermore, two isolates of Canariomyces arenarium and three isolates of Chaetomium globosum are described as new host records from five different commercial herbal teas (black and red goji berries, chrysanthemum flower, mulberry leaf, and stevia leaf). One isolate of Ch. rectangulare is described as a new host record from black goji berry and a new geographical record from northern Thailand. This study provides additional collections of fungi associated with dried commercial herbal tea products from local markets in the North of Thailand.

References

  1. Abdel-Azeem, A.M., Abu-Elsaoud, A.M., Abo Nahas, H.H., Abdel-Azeem, M.A., Balbool, B.A., Mousa, M.K., Ali, N.H. & Darwish, A.M. (2021) Biodiversity and industrial applications of genus Chaetomium. In: Abdel-Azeem, A.M., Yadav, A.N., Yadav, N. & Usmani, Z. (Eds.) Industrially Important Fungi for Sustainable Development. Fungal Biology, Springer, pp. 147–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_5
  2. Ahmed, S.A., Khan, Z., Wang, X.W., Moussa, T.A.A., Al-Zahrani, H.S., Almaghrabi, O.A., Sutton, D.A., Ahmad, S., Groenewald, J.Z., Alastruey-Izquierdo, A., Diepeningen, A., Menken, S.B.J., Najafzadeh, M.J., Crous, P.W., Cornely, O., Hamprecht, A., Vehreschild Maria, J.G.T., Kindo, A.J. & de Hoog, G.S. (2016) Chaetomium-like fungi causing opportunistic infections in humans: a possible role for extremotolerance. Fungal Diversity 76: 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0338-5
  3. Ames, L.M. (1949) New cellulose destroying fungi isolated from military material and equipment. Mycologia 41 (6): 637–648. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1949.12017807
  4. Ames, L.M. (1963) A monograph of the Chaetomiaceae. U.S. Army Research and Development, Series 2.
  5. Asgari, B. & Zare, R. (2011) The genus Chaetomium in Iran, a phylogenetic study including six new species. Mycologia 103: 863–882. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-349
  6. Aspiroz, C., Gené, J., Rezusta, A., Charlez, L. & Summerbell, R.C. (2007) First Spanish case of onychomycosis caused by Chaetomium globosum. Sabouraudia 45 (3): 279–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/13693780601164280
  7. Brimson, J.M., Prasanth, M.I., Malar, D.S., Sharika, R., Sivamaruthi, B.S., Kesika, P., Chaiyasut, C., Tencomnao, T. & Prasansuklab, A. (2021) Role of herbal teas in regulating cellular homeostasis and autophagy and their implications in regulating overall health. Nutrients 13: 2162. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072162
  8. Condé, T.O., Leão, A.F., Dutra, Y.L.G., Rosado, A.W.C., Neves, S.C.N., Fraga, L.M.S., Kasuya, M.C.M. & Pereira, O.L. (2023) Shedding light on the darkness: a new genus and four new species in the family Chaetomiaceae from Brazilian neotropical caves revealed by multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. Mycological Progress 22: 49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-023-01899-0
  9. Crous, P.W., Cowan, D.A., Maggs-Kölling, G., Yilmaz, N., Thangavel, R., Wingfield, M.J., Noordeloos, M.E., Dima, B., Brandrud, T.E. & Jansen, G. (2021) Fungal Planet description sheets: 1182–1283. Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 46: 313. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.11
  10. Doveri, F. (2013) An additional update on the genus Chaetomium with descriptions of two coprophilous species, new to Italy. Mycosphere 4 (4): 820–846. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/4/4/17
  11. Dwibedi, V., Rath, S.K., Jain, S., Martínez-Argueta, N., Prakash, R., Saxena, S. & Rios-Solis, L. (2023) Key insights into secondary metabolites from various Chaetomium species. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 107 (4): 1077–1093. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12365-y
  12. Edler, D., Klein, J., Antonelli, A. & Silvestro, D. (2020) raxmlGUI 2.0: A graphical interface and toolkit for phylogenetic analyses using RAxML. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 12 (2): 373–377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13512
  13. Glass, N.L. & Donaldson, G.C. (1995) Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61: 1323–1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.4.1323-1330.1995
  14. Goessens, T., Baere, S., Troyer, N., Deknock, A., Goethals, P., Lens, L., Pasmans, F. & Croubels, S. (2021) Multi-residue analysis of 20 mycotoxins including major metabolites and emerging mycotoxins in freshwater using UHPLC-MS/MS and application to freshwater ponds in flanders, Belgium. Environmental Research 196: 110366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110366
  15. Guo, J.W., Cheng, J.S., Yang, L.F., Zhou, Y.L., Wang, H.F., Chen, J.Y., Abdala Mohamad, O., Tian, X.J., Liu, Y.H. & Liu, Y.H. (2016) First report of a leaf spot disease caused by Chaetomium globosum on pomegranate from Yunnan, China. Plant Disease 100: 223. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-15-0243-PDN
  16. Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user- friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
  17. Hassan, S., Nisa, M., Wani, A.H., Majid, M., Jan, N. & Bhat, M.Y. (2022) First report of Chaetomium globosum causing leaf spot disease of Solanum melongena in Kashmir Valley, India. New Disease Reports 46: e12119. https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12119
  18. Hwang, S.M., Suh, M.K. & Ha, G.Y. (2012) Onychomycosis due to nondermatophytic molds. Annals of Dermatology 24 (2): 175–180. http://dx.doi.org/10.5021/ad.2012.24.2.175
  19. Ibrahim, S.R., Mohamed, S.G., Sindi, I.A. & Mohamed, G.A. (2021) Biologically active secondary metabolites and biotechnological applications of species of the family Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales): An updated review from 2016 to 2021. Mycological Progress 20 (5): 595–639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01704-w
  20. Index Fungorum (2024) Available from: http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp (accessed 8 May 2024)
  21. Jayasiri, C.S., Hyde, K.D., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, J., Buyck, B., Cai, L., Dai, Y.C., Abd-Elsalam, K.A., Ertz, D., Hidayat, I., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Bahkali, A.H., Karunarathna, S.C., Liu, J.K., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Moncalvo, J.M., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Nilsson, H., Pang, K.L., Pereira, O.L., Phillips, A.J.L., Raspé, O., Rollins A, W., Romero, A.I., Etayo, J., Selçuk, F., Stephenson, S.L., Suetrong, S., Taylor, J.E., Tsui, C.K.M., Vizzini, A., AbdelWahab, M.A., Wen, T.C., Boonmee, S., Dai, D.Q., Daranagama, D.A., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Fryar, S.C., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Li, W.J., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., De Silva, N.I., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Wijayawardene, N.N., Zhao, R.L., Zhao, Q., Kang, J.C. & Promputtha, I. (2015) The faces of fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. Fungal Diversity 74: 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8
  22. Kamat, S., Kumari, M., Sajna, K.V. & Jayabaskaran, C. (2020) Endophytic fungus, Chaetomium globosum, associated with marine green alga, a new source of Chrysin. Scientific Reports 10: 18726. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72497-3
  23. Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Briefings in bioinformatics 20 (4): 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108
  24. Kong, W., Jiang, L., Cui, Q., Xu, J., Yuan, Q. & Liu, J. (2023) Global research trends on herbal tea: a bibliometric and visualized analysis. Beverage Plant Research 4: e007 https://doi.org/10.48130/bpr-0023-0040
  25. Kunze, G. & Schmidt, J.C. (1817) Mykologische Hefte. 1. pp. 1–109.
  26. Latha, R., Sasikala, R., Muruganandam, N. & Prakash, M.S. (2010) Onychomycosis due to ascomycete Chaetomium globosum: a case report. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 53 (3): 566–567. https://doi.org/10.4103/0377-4929.68279
  27. Lee, H.S. & Choi, C.I. (2023) Black goji berry (Lycium ruthenicum Murray): A review of its pharmacological activity. Nutrients 15: 4181. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/nu15194181
  28. Lee, S.H., Park, H.S., Nguyen, T.T. & Lee, H.B. (2019) Characterization of three species of Sordariomycetes isolated from freshwater and soil samples in Korea. Mycobiology 47 (1): 20–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2019.1574372
  29. Liu, B., Xu, Q. & Sun, Y. (2020) Black goji berry (Lycium ruthenicum) tea has higher phytochemical contents and in vitro antioxidant properties than red goji berry (Lycium barbarum) tea. Food Quality and Safety 4 (4): 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa022
  30. Liu, Y., Guo, C., Zang, E., Shi, R., Liu, Q., Zhang, M., Zhang, K. & Li, M. (2023) Review on herbal tea as a functional food: classification, active compounds, biological activity, and industrial status. Journal of Future Foods 3: 206–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfutfo.2023.02.002
  31. Liu, Y.J., Whelen, S. & Hall, B.D. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerase II subunit. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16 (12): 1799–1808. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092
  32. Ma, Z.F., Zhang, H., The, S.S., Wang, C.W., Zhang, Y., Hayford, F., Wang, L., Ma, T., Dong, Z., Zhang, Y. & Zhu, Y. (2019) Goji berries as a potential natural antioxidant medicine: An insight into their molecular mechanisms of action. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019: 2437397. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2437397
  33. Mazzucchetti, G. (1965) Microfungi della cellulosa eddla carta attivita’s einquadramento sistematico – Il genere “Chaetomium”. Pubblicazioni Dell’ ente nazionale Per La Cellulosa e Per La Carta, Roma.
  34. Mouchacca J (1973) Les Thielavia des sols arides: epseces nouvelles et analyse generique. Bulletin trimestriel de la Societe mycologique de France 89: 295–311.
  35. Noorabadi, M.T., Gomes de Farias, A.R., Mapook, A., Hyde, K.D. & Boonmee, S. (2023) Occurrence of Aspergillus chevalieri and A. niger on herbal tea and their potential to produce Ochratoxin A (OTA). Diversity 15: 1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15121183
  36. Oh, J., Jo, H., Cho, A.R., Kim, S.J. & Han, J. (2013) Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of various leafy herbal teas. Food Control 31: 403–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.10.021
  37. Page, R.D.M. (1996) TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Computer Applications in the Biosciences: CABIOS 12 (4): 357–358. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/12.4.357
  38. Pathaw, N., Devi, K.S., Sapam, R., Sanasam, J., Monteshori, S., Phurailatpam, S., Devi, H.C., Chanu, W.T., Wangkhem, B. & Mangang, N.L. (2022) A comparative review on the anti-nutritional factors of herbal tea concoctions and their reduction strategies. Frontiers in Nutrition 9: 988964. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.988964
  39. Peteliuk, V., Rybchuk, L., Bayliak, M., Storey, K.B. & Lushchak, O. (2021) Natural sweetener Stevia rebaudiana: Functionalities, health benefits and potential risks. EXCLI Journal 20: 1412–1430. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2021-4211.
  40. Poswal, F.S., Russell, G., Mackonochie, M., MacLennan, E., Adukwu, E.C. & Rolfe, V. (2019) Herbal teas and their health benefits: a scoping review. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 74 (3): 266–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-019-00750-w
  41. Rambaut, A. (2018) FigTree version 1.4.4. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.
  42. Ramphinwa, M.L., Mchau, G.R.A., Mashau, M.E., Madala, N.E., Chimonyo, V.G.P., Modi, T.A., Mabhaudhi, T., Thibane, V.S. & Mudau, F.N. (2023) Eco-physiological response of secondary metabolites of teas: Review of quality attributes of herbal tea. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 7: 990334. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.990334
  43. Raza, M., Zhang, Z.F., Hyde, K.D., Diao, Y.Z. & Cai, L. (2019) Culturable plant pathogenic fungi associated with sugarcane in southern China. Fungal Diversity 99: 1–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00434-5
  44. Rehner, S.A. & Samuels, G.J. (1994) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Gliocladium analyzed from nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Mycological Research 98: 625–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80409-7
  45. Ronquist, F.M., Teslenko, P., van der Mark, D.L., Ayres, A., Darling, S., Höhna, B., Larget, L., Liu, Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MRBAYES 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model selection across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
  46. Salo, J.M., Kedves, O., Mikkola, R., Kredics, L., Andersson, M.A., Kurnitski, J. & Salonen, H. (2020) Detection of Chaetomium globosum, Ch. cochliodes and Ch. rectangulare during the diversity tracking of mycotoxin-producing chaetomium-like isolates obtained in buildings in Finland. Toxins 12 (7): 443. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12070443
  47. Senanayake, I.C., Rathnayaka, A.R., Marasinghe, D.S., Calabon, M.S., Gentekaki, E., Lee, H.B., Hurdeal, V.G., Pem, D., Dissanayake, L.S., Wijesinghe, S.N., Bundhun, D., Nguyen, T.T., Goonasekara, I.D., Abeywickrama, P.D., Bhunjun, C.S., Jayawardena, R.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J. & Xiang, M.M. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. Mycosphere 11 (1): 2678–2754. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20
  48. Sharma, N., Radha, Kumar, M., Kumari, N., Puri, S., Rais, N., Natta, S., Dhumal, S., Navamaniraj, N., Chandran, D., Mohankumar, P., Muthukumar, M., Senapathy, M., Deshmukh, V., Damale, R.D., Anitha, T., Balamurugan, V., Sathish, G. & Lorenzo, J.M. (2023) Phytochemicals, therapeutic benefits and applications of chrysanthemum flower: A review. Heliyon 9 (10): e20232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20232
  49. Shi, D., Lu, G., Mei, H., de Hoog, G.S., Zheng, H., Liang, G., Shen, Y., Li, T. & Liu, W. (2016) Onychomycosis due to Chaetomium globosum with yellowish black discoloration and periungual inflammation. Medical Mycology Case Reports, 13: 12–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mmcr.2016.09.001
  50. Sousa, T.F., Santos, A.O.D., Silva, F.M.D., Caniato, F.F., Queiroz, C.A.D., Souza, T.M.D., MacIel, J.B.S., Catarino, A.D.M., Gwinner, R., Prachya, S., Kittakoop, P., Angolini, C.F., Koolen, H.H. & Silva, G.F. (2020) Arcopilus amazonicus (Chaetomiaceae), a new fungal species from the Amazon rainforest native plant Paullinia cupana. Phytotaxa 456 (2): 145–156. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.456.2.2
  51. Tao, L., Liao, J., Zheng, R., Zhang, X. & Shang, H. (2023) Association of drinking herbal tea with activities of daily living among elderly: A latent class analysis. Nutrients 15: 2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122796
  52. Tavares, D.G., Guimarães, S.D.S.C., Piccoli, R.H., Duarte, W.F. & Cardoso, P.G. (2022) Arcopilus eremanthusum sp. nov. as sources of antibacterial and antioxidant metabolites. Archives of Microbiology 204 (2): 156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-02764-6
  53. Tipduangta, P., Julsrigival, J., Chaithatwatthana, K., Pongterdsak, N., Tipduangta, P. & Chansakaow, S. (2019) Antioxidant properties of thai traditional herbal teas. Beverages 5 (3): 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages5030044
  54. Thaipitakwong, T., Numhom, S. & Aramwit, P. (2018) Mulberry leaves and their potential effects against cardiometabolic risks: a review of chemical compositions, biological properties and clinical efficacy. Pharmaceutical biology 56 (1): 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2018.1424210
  55. Ungprasit, T., Swangjang, S., Panyavuthilert, T. & Piyaboon, O. (2021) Efficiency of crude extracts from Chaetomium globosum to inhibit Bipolaris maydis caused of maize leaf blight disease in corn. Journal of Agricultural Research and Extension 38 (2): 36–45. https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MJUJN/article/view/241081
  56. Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
  57. Villesen, P. (2007) FaBox: an online toolbox for fasta sequences. Molecular Ecology Notes 7 (6): 965–968. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01821.x
  58. von Arx, J. (1984) Canariomyces notabilis, a peculiar ascomycete from the Canary Islands. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 12 (2): 185–187.
  59. von Arx, J.A., Guarro, J, & Figueras, M.J. (1986) The ascomycete genus Chaetomium. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 84: 1–162.
  60. Wang, X.W., Bai, F.Y., Bensch, K., Meijer, M., Sun, B.D., Han, Y.F., Crous, P.W., Samson, R.A., Yang, F.Y. & Houbraken, J. (2019) Phylogenetic re-evaluation of Thielavia with the introduction of a new family Podosporaceae. Studies in Mycology 93: 155–252.
  61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2019.08.002
  62. Wang, X.W., Han, P.J., Bai, F.Y., Luo, A., Bensch, K., Meijer, M., Kraak, B., Han, D.Y., Sun, B.D., Crous, P.W. & Houbraken, J. (2022) Taxonomy, phylogeny and identification of Chaetomiaceae with emphasis on thermophilic species. Studies in Mycology 101: 121–243. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2022.101.03
  63. Wang, X.W., Houbraken, J., Groenewald, J.Z., Meijer, M., Andersen, B., Nielsen, K.F., Crous, P.W. & Samson, R.A. (2016a) Diversity and taxonomy of Chaetomium and chaetomium-like fungi from indoor environments. Studies in Mycology 84: 145–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2016.11.005
  64. Wang, X.W., Lombard, L., Groenewald, J.Z., Li, J., Videira, S.I., Samson, R.A., Liu, X.Z. & Crous, P.W. (2016b) Phylogenetic reassessment of the Chaetomium globosum species complex. Persoonia 36: 83–133. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158516X689657
  65. Wang, X.W. & Zheng, R.Y. (2005) Chaetomium acropullum sp. nov. (Chaetomiaceae, Ascomycota), a new psychrotolerant mesophilic species from China. Nova Hedwigia 80 (3–4): 413–418. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2005/0080-0413
  66. White, T., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic press, San Diego, pp. 315−322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
  67. Winiarska-Mieczan, A., Tomaszewska, E. & Jachimowicz, K. (2021) Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties of tea-the positive impact of tea consumption on patients with autoimmune diabetes. Nutrients 13 (11): 3972. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113972
  68. Yang, E.F., Karunarathna, S.C., Dai, D.Q., Priyashantha, A.K.H., Promputtha, I., Elgorban, A. & Tibpromma, S. (2023) Taxonomy and phylogeny of endophytic fungi (Chaetomiaceae) associated with healthy leaves of Mangifera indica in Yunnan, China. Diversity 15 (10): 1094. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15101094
  69. Yang, E.F., Karunarathna, S.C., Elgorban, A.M., Soytong, K., Promputtha, I. & Tibpromma, S. (2024) Taxonomy and phylogeny of endophytic Chaetomium (Chaetomiaceae) associated with mango (Mangifera indica) in Yunnan, China. New Zealand Journal of Botany 1−20. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2024.2327607
  70. Zhao, X., Liu, D., Yang, X., Zhang, L. & Yang, M. (2021) Detection of seven Alternaria toxins in edible and medicinal herbs using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry X 13: 100186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100186