Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 641 No. 3: 20 Mar. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-03-20
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.641.3.1
Page range: 183-190
Abstract views: 36
PDF downloaded: 13

Finding the last missing white oak hybrid from the Iberian Peninsula (Fagaceae, Quercus, sect. Quercus)

MHNC-UP - Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto - Herbário PO, Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal. BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal. CIBIO (Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources) - InBIO (Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology), University of Porto; Campus Agrário de Vairão; Rua Padre Armando Quintas; 4485-661 Vairão; Portugal.
MHNC-UP - Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto – Herbário PO, Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal
HSS Herbarium. Dep. Forest Production and Biodiversity. CICYTEX. 06187. Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain.
Mediterranean forets Hybridization nothotaxa taxonomy biogeography Eudicots

Abstract

The genus Quercus is widely known for its ability to hybridize among sympatric species, especially inside the same Section. The Iberian Peninsula is a major phylogeographic hotspot for oak diversity, with almost all possible combinations of hybrids already described inside sect. Quercus. In this work we present the remaining hybrid not yet described among the Iberian white oaks; we found it in one of the few areas (in the Southern Iberian Peninsula) where both parents (the Algerian oak, Q. canariensis, and the Lusitanian dwarf oak, Q. lusitanica) grow sympatrically. We provide a description of this nothotaxon (which we named Quercus ×gaonae) based on morphological characters related to leaf shape and trichome analysis. This work emphasizes the practice of natural history and encourages botanists to keep up their work on describing plant diversity in a major hotspot like the Mediterranean Basin.

References

  1. Aldrich, P.R. & Cavender-Bares, J. (2011) Quercus. In: Wild crop relatives: Genomic and breeding resources. Springer, pp. 89–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21250-5_6
  2. Andrews, S. (1984) A reappraisal of Ilex aquifolium and I. perado (Aquifoliaceae). Kew bulletin 39: 141–155. https://doi.org/10.2307/4107862
  3. Bolòs, O. de (1954) De Vegetatio notulae, I. In: Collectanea Botanica, 1954, vol. IV. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).
  4. Brotero, F.A. (1805) Flora Lusitanica, seu plantarum, quae in Lusitania vel sponte crescunt, velfrequentius coluntur, ex florum praesertim sexubus systematice distributarum, synopsis. Lisboa: Typographia regia. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45110
  5. Camus, A. (1934) Quelques diagnoses de Fagacées. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 81: 814–818. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1934.10834028
  6. Camus, A. (1935) Les chênes: Monographie du genre Quercus. Atlas. (Vol. 2). Paris: Lechevalier.
  7. Camus, A. (1939) Les Chênes. Monographie du genre Quercus. Genre Quercus, sous-genre Euquercus (sections Lepidobalanus et Macrobalanus). Paris: Lechevalier.
  8. Cannon, C.H. & Petit, R.J. (2020) The oak syngameon: more than the sum of its parts. New Phytologist 226: 978–983. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16091
  9. Carrero, C., Jerome, D., Beckman, E., Byrne, A., Coombes, A.J., Deng, M., González Rodríguez, A., Van Sam, H., Khoo, E., Nguyen Van, N., Robiansyah, I., Rodríguez Correa, H., Sang, J., Song, Y-G., Strijk, J.S., Sugau, J., Sun, W., Valencia-Ávalos, S. & Westwood, M. (2020) The red list of oaks 2020. The Morton Arboretum: Lisle, IL, USA, pp. 11–12.
  10. Coutinho, A.X.P. (1888) Os Quercus de Portugal. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 6: 47–116.
  11. Devesa, J.A. (1983) Notas taxonómicas y corológicas sobre la flora de Andalucia occidental. 153. El género Althenia Petit. Lagascalia 11: 81–117.
  12. Grant, V. (1981) The Syngameon. In: Plant speciation. Columbia University Press, pp. 234–241. https://doi.org/10.7312/gran92318-037
  13. Hauser, D.A., Keuter, A., McVay, J.D., Hipp, A.L. & Manos, P.S. (2017) The evolution and diversification of the red oaks of the California Floristic Province (Quercus section Lobatae, series Agrifoliae). American Journal of Botany 104: 1581–1595. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1700291
  14. Hipp, A.L., Manos, P.S., Hahn, M., Avishai, M., Bodénès, C., Cavender-Bares, J., Crowl, A.A., Deng, M., Denk, T., Fitz-Gibbon, S., Gailing, O., González-Elizondo, M.S., González-Rodríguez, A., Grimm, G.W., Jiang, X.-L., Kremer, A., Lesur, I., McVay, J.D., Plomion, C., Rodríguez-Correa, H., Schulze, E.-D., Simeone, M.C., Sork, V.L. & Valencia-Avalos, S. (2020) Genomic landscape of the global oak phylogeny. New Phytologist 226: 1198–1212. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16162
  15. Kremer, A. & Hipp, A.L. (2020) Oaks: an evolutionary success story. New Phytologist 226: 987–1011. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16274
  16. Lamarck, J.B. (1785) Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique. Paris: Panckoucke. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.824
  17. Lepais, O., Roussel, G., Hubert, F., Kremer, A. & Gerber, S. (2013) Strength and variability of postmating reproductive isolating barriers between four European white oak species. Tree Genetics & Genomes 9: 841–853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-013-0602-3
  18. Linnaeus, C. (1762) Species Plantarum (2 ed. Vol. 1). Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii.
  19. Lotsy, J. (1925) Species or linneon. Genetica 7: 487–506. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01676287
  20. Luján Martínez, M., Gracia Prieto, J., Jordán López, A., Domínguez Bella, S. & Sánchez Bellón, Á. (2016) Geología del PN de los Alcornocales en torno a Alcalá de los Gazules. Geología.
  21. Maleev, V.P. (1935) A Review of Oak Trees in Caucasus through theirs Taxonomical and geographical relations and concerning to evolution of group Robur. Botanicheskiy Zhurnal 20: 156–172.
  22. Manos, P.S. & Stanford, A.M. (2001) The historical biogeography of Fagaceae: tracking the tertiary history of temperate and subtropical forests of the Northern Hemisphere. International Journal of Plant Sciences 162: S77–S93. https://doi.org/10.1086/323280
  23. Olalde, M., Herrán, A., Espinel, S. & Goicoechea, P.G. (2002) White oaks phylogeography in the Iberian Peninsula. Forest ecology and management 156: 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00636-3
  24. Petit, R.J., Bodénès, C., Ducousso, A., Roussel, G. & Kremer, A. (2004) Hybridization as a mechanism of invasion in oaks. New Phytologist 161: 151–164. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00944.x
  25. Rivas-Martínez, S. (1975) La vegetación de la clase Quercetea ilicis en España y Portugal. Annales del Instituto Botanico de A.J. Cavanilles 31: 205–259.
  26. Rivas-Martinez S., Aguiar C., Aguilella A., Alonso R., Alvarez M., Amich F., Arnaiz C., Baccheta G., Barbero M., Barbour M.G., Bartolome C., Barreno Eva, Belmonte D., Benabid A., Luis Benito J., Bermejo E., Biondi E., Biurrun I., Blasi C., Bohn U., Boira H., de_Bolos O., Box E.O., Brullo S., Bueno A., Cabezudo B., Capelo J., Carrillo E., Carlos Costa J., Crespo A., Crespo M.B., Deil U., Dias E., Duarte C., Escudero A. & Espirito-Santo D. (2011a) Map of series, geoseries and geopermaseries of vegetation in Spain. PART I. Itinera Geobotanica 18: 1–424.
  27. Rivas-Martínez, S., González-Días, T.E., González, F.F., Loidi, J.J., Lousã, M.F. & Merino, Á.P. (2002) Vascular plant communities of Spain and Portugal: addenda to the syntaxonomical checklist of 2001. Part II. Itinera Geobotanica 15 (2): 433–922.
  28. Rivas-Martínez, S., Lousa, M., Diaz, T.E., Fernández-González, F. & Costa, J.C. (1990) La vegetación del sur de Portugal (Sado, Alentejo y Algarve). Itinera Geobotanica 3: 5–126.
  29. Rivas-Martínez, S., Rivas-Sáenz, S., Penas, A., Alcaraz, F., Amigo, J. & Asensi, A. (2011b) World bioclimatic classification system. Global Geobotany 1: 1–634. https://doi.org/10.5616/gg110001
  30. Rivas-Martínez, S. & Saénz, C. (1991) Enumeración de los Quercus de la Península Ibérica. Rivasgodaya 6: 101–110.
  31. Sampaio, G. (1910) Manual da Flora Portugueza. Porto: Universidade do Porto.
  32. Schwarz, O. (1936) Sobre los Quercus catalanes del subgénero Lepidobalanus Oerst. Cavanillesia 8: 65–100.
  33. Schwarz, O. (1964) Quercus L. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (Eds.) Flora Europaea. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 61–64.
  34. Vázquez, F.M., R., S. & Ruiz, T. (2000) Hybridisation processes in Mediterranean oaks from South Spain. International Oaks Journal 12: 108–117.
  35. Vázquez, F.M. (1995) Híbridos de Quercus faginea subsp. broteroi (Coutinho) A.Camus en el suroeste de la Península Ibérica. Annales del Jardín Botânico De Madrid 53: 247–251.
  36. Vázquez, F.M., Coombes, A.J., García, D., Márquez, F., Meireles, C., Barrena, M.J. & Vila-Viçosa, C. (2018) Anotaciones a la nomenclatura del género Quercus L., (FAGACEAE) en la Península Ibérica y NW de África. Folia Botánica Extremadurensis 12: 5–79.
  37. Vázquez, F.M., Ramos, S., Doncel, E., Coombes, A.J. & Rodríguez, M. (2003) New oak hybrids from Spain. International Oaks Journal 14: 49–60.
  38. Vázquez, F.M., Ramos, S. & Garcia, S. (2004) Diversity of Iberian oaks. International Oaks Journal 15: 31–43.
  39. Vázquez, F.M., Sánchez Gullón, E., Pinto-Gomes, C., Pineda, M.A., García Alonso, D., Marquez García, F., Guerra Barrena, M.J., Blanco Salas, J. & Villaviçosa, C. (2015) Three New Oak Hybrids from Southwest Iberia (Spain and Portugal). International Oaks Journal 26: 43–56.
  40. Vicioso, C. (1942) Materiales para el estudio de la flora soriana. Anales del Jardín Botânico De Madrid 2: 188–235.
  41. Vicioso, C. (1950) Revisión del género Quercus en España. Madrid: Tipografía Artítica.
  42. Vila-Viçosa, C. (2023) Natural History, Biogeography and Evolution of the Iberian white oak Syngameon (Quercus L. Sect. Quercus). University of Porto, Porto, 346 pp.
  43. Vila-Viçosa, C., Arenas-Castro, S., Marcos, B., Honrado, J., García, C., Vázquez, F.M., Almeida, R. & Gonçalves, J. (2020a) Combining Satellite Remote Sensing and Climate Data in Species Distribution Models to Improve the Conservation of Iberian White Oaks (Quercus L.). ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9: 735. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9120735
  44. Vila-Viçosa, C. & Arsénio, P. (2021) Vegetação do Sudoeste Português. In: Capelo, J. & Aguiar, C. (Eds.) A vegetação de Portugal. ENCM, Lisbon, pp. 110–121.
  45. Vila-Viçosa, C., Capelo, J., Alves, P., Almeida, R. & Vázquez, F.M. (2023) New annotated checklist of the Portuguese oaks. Mediterranean Botany 44: 1–32. https://doi.org/10.5209/mbot.79286
  46. Vila-Viçosa, C., Gonçalves, J., Honrado, J., Lomba, Â., Almeida, R.S., Vázquez, F.M. & Garcia, C. (2020b) Late Quaternary range shifts of marcescent oaks unveil the dynamics of a major biogeographic transition in southern Europe. Scientific reports 10: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78576-9
  47. Vila-Viçosa, C., Vázquez, F.M., Meireles, C. & Pinto-Gomes, C. (2014) Taxonomic peculiarities of marcescent oaks (Quercus, Fagaceae) in southern Portugal. Lazaroa 35: 139–153. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_LAZA.2014.v35.42555
  48. Vila-Viçosa, C., Vázquez, F.M., Mendes, P., Del Rio, S., Musarella, C., Cano-Ortiz, A. & Meireles, C. (2015) Syntaxonomic update on the relict groves of Mirbeck’s oak (Quercus canariensis Willd. and Q. marianica C. Vicioso) in southern Iberia. Plant Biosystems 149: 512–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2015.1040484
  49. Willdenow, C.L. (1809) Enumeratio plantarum Horti Regii Berolinensis. Berlin: Taberna libraria Scholae Realis.