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Issue: Vol. 635 No. 4: 31 Jan. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-01-31
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.635.4.1
Page range: 245-275
Abstract views: 28
PDF downloaded: 3

A review and analysis of the infrageneric classifications published or used for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) from 2001 to the present, with reference to those published up to 2000

Ria Olivier Herbarium, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031 South Africa
section series subgenus taxonomic history valid publication Eudicots

Abstract

The infrageneric classifications used or proposed for, and infrageneric names and combinations published in, Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) from 2001 to the present are analysed. Only the ranks of subgenus, section, and series are involved; no new names or new combinations were published at other infrageneric ranks. The pertinent works of Gehrig et al. (early-2000s [2001]), Descoings (early- and mid-2000s [2003, 2006]), Smith & Figueiredo (late-2010s [2018]), Smith (early-2020s [2020–2023]), Shtein & Smith (early-2020s [2021]), and Smith et al. (early-2020s [2021]) were assessed to clarify the use of infrageneric ranks by these authors, and to determine which of these names have been validly published and are available for use in Kalanchoe. From this analysis of the infrageneric classifications of Kalanchoe during a period of just less than 25 years it is evident that: (1) one new subgenus name was validly published by Descoings in 2006 [K. subg. Calophygia]; (2) one new combination at the rank of subgenus was validly published by Smith & Figueiredo in 2018 [K. subg. Kitchingia]; (3) one new subgenus name was validly published by Smith in 2020 [K. subg. Fernandesiae]; (4) one new combination was validly published at the rank of section by Smith in 2020 [K. sect. Stellatipilosae]; (5) one new section name was validly published by Smith in 2021 [K. sect. Alatae]; (6) one new section name [K. sect. Invasores] and one new series name [K. ser. Vilana] were validly published by Shtein and Smith in 2021; (7) one new section name was validly published by Smith in 2022 [K. sect. Raveta]; (8) and (9) two new section names [K. sect. Rhombopilosae and K. sect. Streptanthae] were validly published by Smith in 2023; (10) one new combination [K. sect. Trichanthae] was validly published at the rank of section by Smith in 2023; (11) one, by then, existing section, K. sect. Alatae, was elevated to the rank of subgenus by Smith in 2023; and (12) one existing subgenus, K. subg. Calophygia, was reinstated and its circumscription substantially amended by Smith in 2023.

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  98. Richard, A. (1847) Tentamen Floræ Abyssinicæ seu Enumeratio Plantarum hucusque in plerisque Abyssiniæ provinciis detectarum et præcipue a beatis doctoribus Richard Quartin Dillon et Antonio Petit (annis 1838–1843) lectarum. Vol. 1. Apud Arthus Bertrand, Editorem, Parisiis, 472 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.334
  99. Rolfe, R.A. (1919) XVII.—Diagnoses africanae. LXXII. 1631. Kalanchoe densiflora, Rolfe [Crassulaceae]. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1919 (6 & 7): 263–267. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42571#page/276/mode/1up] https://doi.org/10.2307/4111530
  100. Salisbury, R.A. (1805) The Paradisus Londinensis: or coloured figures of plants cultivated in the vicinity of the metropolis 1. William Hooker, No. 6, Frith Street, city not stated, presumably London, 157 pp. & 117 plates. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53520
  101. Schneider, N. (1914) Les Kalanchoe et leur culture. [Kalanchoe ena Hort. ex N.Schneider on p. 22.] Revue Horticole; résumé de tout ce qui parait d’intéressant en jardinage [etc.] [Paris], Nouvelle Série, XIV: 20–22. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/197148#page/38/mode/1up]
  102. Shtein, R. & Smith, G.F. (2021a) A revision of the climbing kalanchoes (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Madagascar including the description of Kalanchoe sect. Invasores and K. ser. Vilana. Phytotaxa 482 (2): 93–120. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.482.2.1
  103. Shtein, R. & Smith, G.F. (2021b) Kalanchoe torrejacqii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new species in K. subg. Bryophyllum from the Namorona River valley, Madagascar. Phytotaxa 498 (3): 205–212. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.498.3.6
  104. Smith, G.F. (2019) Notes on Kalanchoe ×houghtonii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an early hybrid between two species of K. subg. Bryophyllum. Haseltonia 26: 78–85. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.026.0111
  105. Smith, G.F. (2020a) Kalanchoe Adans. subg. Fernandesiae Gideon F.Sm. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new subgenus from southern and south-tropical Africa. Haseltonia 27: 2–7. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.027.0101
  106. Smith, G.F. (2020b) Nomenclature of the partial infrageneric classification proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by René C.J.E. Maire in 1976. Phytotaxa 468 (2): 231–235. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.468.2.8
  107. Smith, G.F. (2020c) Typification of the infrageneric names published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Alwin Berger. Phytotaxa 453 (1): 52–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.453.1.6
  108. Smith, G.F. (2020d) The kalanchoes (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Raymond-Hamet (1890–1972). Bradleya 38: 120–140. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a15
  109. Smith, G.F. (2020e) Kalanchoe ×hummeliae Gideon F.Sm.: the hybrid between K. beharensis Drake and K. millotii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Bradleya 38: 89–93. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a12
  110. Smith, G.F. (2021) Reinstatement of Kalanchoe [subg. Bryophyllum] sect. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) for K. porphyrocalyx and K. uniflora, two Madagascan endemics. Bradleya 39: 177–181. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a17
  111. Smith, G.F. (2022a) A review of the ecology and natural history of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in southern Africa. Bradleya 40: 161–184. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n40.2022.a15
  112. Smith, G.F. (2022b) A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus. Phytotaxa 560 (2): 153–185. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.2.2
  113. Smith, G.F. (2022c) Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Raymond-Hamet (1916): a long-overlooked name in K. subg. Kalanchoe. Phytotaxa 550 (2): 208–212. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.10
  114. Smith, G.F. (2022d) Date and place of publication and author attribution of the combination Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 560 (1): 131–134. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.12
  115. Smith, G.F. (2022e) Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and south-tropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species. Phytotaxa 568 (1): 8–26. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2
  116. Smith, G.F. (2022f) Notes on Kalanchoe subg. Bryophyllum (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and the kalanchoes of Sijfert H. Koorders (1919). Phytotaxa 549 (1): 87–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.7
  117. Smith, G.F. (2022g) The taxonomy of Kalanchoe marmorata Baker (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a distinctive African species, revisited. Phytotaxa 538 (2): 100–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.538.2.2
  118. Smith, G.F. (2022h) The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe ×vadensis [K. blossfeldiana × K. marmorata var. somaliensis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an early nothospecies produced in The Netherlands in the 1950s. Phytotaxa 561 (2): 199–209. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.561.2.8
  119. Smith, G.F. (2022i) Kalanchoe ×verdoorniae [K. luciae × K. winteri] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new, large-growing nothospecies from South Africa. Phytotaxa 568 (1): 72–82. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.5
  120. Smith, G.F. (2022j) Identity of Kalanchoe ‘Fang’ and K. ‘Rose Leaf’, two cultivars derived from K. ×edwardii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), with notes on aspects of interspecific hybridisation in the genus. Bradleya 40: 151–160. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n40.2022.a14
  121. Smith, G.F. (2023a) A review of exotic Kalanchoe taxa (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) naturalised and cultivated in Africa and the Gulf of Guinea islands, with their nomenclature updated. Phytotaxa 613 (1): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.1
  122. Smith, G.F. (2023b) A review of the infrageneric classifications proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) from the earliest times up to 2000. Phytotaxa 619 (1): 1–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.619.1.1
  123. Smith, G.F. (2023c) The ‘woody clade’ in Kalanchoe: reinstatement and amendment of K. subg. Calophygia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) published by Bernard Marie Descoings in 2006. Phytotaxa 616 (2): 113–127. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.616.2.1
  124. Smith, G.F. (2023d) A reassessment of combinations previously proposed or published for Kalanchoe subg. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), and its valid publication at the rank of subgenus. Phytotaxa 585 (1): 61–66. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.585.1.7
  125. Smith, G.F. (2023e) Kalanchoe sect. Rhombopilosae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new section for K. rhombopilosa in the Woody Clade of K. subg. Kalanchoe. Haseltonia 30 (1): 22–26. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.030.0104
  126. Smith, G.F. (2023f) Clarifying the typification of the name Kalanchoe rhombopilosa (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 618 (2): 209–212. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.618.2.11
  127. Smith, G.F. (2023g) Kalanchoe sect. Streptanthae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new two-species section in K. subg. Bryophyllum. Phytotaxa 609 (4): 273–281. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.4.3
  128. Smith, G.F. (2023h) Publication of Kalanchoe sect. Trichanthae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new status for K. [infragen. unranked] Trichanthae of Alwin Berger (1930), in K. subg. Calophygia (2006 as amended in 2023). Phytotaxa 616 (2): 176–182. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.616.2.7
  129. Smith, G.F. (2023i) Taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe beharensis (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a variable, arborescent species from Madagascar, with reference to its horticultural derivatives. Phytotaxa 612 (1): 1–32. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.1
  130. Smith, G.F. (2023j) Taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe tomentosa (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a variable, completely hairy species from Madagascar. Phytotaxa 609 (4): 289–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.4.5
  131. Smith, G.F. & Crouch, N.R. (2021) Kalanchoe benbothae (K. subg. Fernandesiae; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new southern African species endemic to KwaZulu-Natal in the Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism. Phytotaxa 521 (2): 105–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.521.2.4
  132. Smith, G.F., Crouch, N.R. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) Reinstatement of Kalanchoe montana Compton (Crassulaceae), a distinctive species from the Barberton Center of Endemism, eastern southern Africa. Haseltonia 22: 64–72. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.022.0112
  133. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018a) The infrageneric classification and nomenclature of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae), with special reference to the southern African species. Bradleya 36: 162–172. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a10
  134. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018b) Kalanchoe crouchii Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a new species from the dolomites of the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Haseltonia 25: 84–90. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.025.0107
  135. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2019a) Nothospecies status for Kalanchoe auriculata, as K. ×auriculata (Crassulaceae). Phytotaxa 416 (3): 221–222. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.416.3.3
  136. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2019b) Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx var. sambiranensis, a new variety in a Madagascan Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 422 (2): 206–208. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.422.2.8
  137. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2020) Kalanchoe ×gildenhuysii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new nothospecies derived from K. millotii and K. tomentosa. Phytotaxa 442 (1): 43–46. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.442.1.8
  138. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021a) The floristics and phytogeography of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve, northern South Africa. Bradleya 39: 207–220. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a22
  139. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021b) The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe streptantha Baker (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Bradleya 39: 195–201. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a20
  140. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021c) (2852) Proposal to reject the name Kalanchoe aleurodes (Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae). Taxon 70 (6): 1371–1372. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12632
  141. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022a) Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on the names published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Drake del Castillo in 1903. Phytotaxa 547 (2): 158–166. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.547.2.3
  142. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022b) Kalanchoe beharensis ‘Pixel’ (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), eine neue Sorte einer populären Zierpflanze aus Madagaskar. Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 73 (11): 329–333.
  143. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022c) Lectotypification of the name Kalanchoe wildii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 538 (2): 157–162. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.538.2.8
  144. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023a) A review and analysis of the use of epithets in infrageneric, species, and infraspecific names in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): trends in the plant naming game. Phytotaxa 618 (3): 213–242. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.618.3.1
  145. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023b) Kalanchoe luciae. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Flowering Plants of Africa 68: 70–80, plate 2387.
  146. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N.R. (2019b) Kalanchoe winteri. Crassulaceae. South Africa. Flowering Plants of Africa 66: 62–69, plate 2348. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a9
  147. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N.R. (2021d) Kalanchoe crouchii. Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 60–68, plate 2366. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a16
  148. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019a) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, x, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814007-9.00003-7
  149. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Walker, C.C. (2021b) Kalanchoe beharensis. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 50–59, plate 2365. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a20
  150. Smith, G.F., Klein, D.-P. & Shtein, R. (2021c) A revision of the Malagasy Kalanchoe subg. Kitchingia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): history, taxonomy, and nomenclature. Phytotaxa 507 (1): 67–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.507.1.3
  151. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022a) The nomenclature and taxonomy of Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae resolved. Phytotaxa 555 (3): 241–251. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.3.3
  152. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022b) (2908) Proposal to reject the name Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae (Crassulaceae). Taxon 71 (4): 910–911. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12778
  153. Smith, G.F., Parihar, B. & Almeida, A.M.R. (2023) A review of growth form and plant duration (life cycle) in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in an evolutionary and classificatory framework. Phytotaxa 592 (3): 217–254. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.592.3.3
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