Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 633 No. 3: 9 Jan. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-01-09
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.633.3.3
Page range: 230-240
Abstract views: 72
PDF downloaded: 4

Morphology and phylogenetic analyses reveal Neopalmiascoma gen. nov. (Bambusicolaceae, Pleosporales) on Macadamia integrifolia in Yunnan Province, China

Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P.R. China. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P.R. China. Institute of Fundamental Studies (NIFS), Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P.R. China.
Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P.R. China.
Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research (CEBR), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Institute of Fundamental Studies (NIFS), Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P.R. China.
Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P.R. China. Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
2 new taxa fungi on nuts Proteaceae taxonomy Fungi

Abstract

Macadamia integrifolia, one of the cash crops widely grown in the tropical and subtropical regions produces edible kernels with high oil content. Several fungal pathogens have been reported from this host, but very few studies on saprobic fungi have been carried out. As a part of our studies on saprobic fungi of edible nuts, dead branches of Macadamia integrifolia with fungal fruiting bodies were collected from Yunnan Province of China. Molecular analyses of combined SSU, ITS, LSU, RPB2, and TEF1-α sequence data showed that our collection belongs to Bambusicolaceae and forms a distinct branch with other genera in this family. Our collection fits well with the Bambusicolaceae, and morphology is similar to Palmiascoma but can be distinguished by molecular data. Therefore, we introduce our collection as Neopalmiascoma gen. nov., with N. macadamiae as the type species. A description, photo plate, and phylogenetic tree to show the taxonomic placement of the new species are provided.

References

  1. Akinsanmi, O.A. & Drenth, A. (2006) First report of Tubercularia lateritia as the causal agent of canker on macadamia. Australasian Plant Disease Notes 1: 49–51. https://doi.org/10.1071/DN06019
  2. Akinsanmi, O.A. & Drenth, A. (2017) Characterisation of husk rot in macadamia. Annals of Applied Biology 170 (1): 104–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12320
  3. Akinsanmi, O.A., Nisa, S., Jeff-Ego, O.S., Shivas, R.G. & Drenth, A. (2016a) Dry flower disease of macadamia in Australia caused by Neopestalotiopsis macadamiae sp. nov. and Pestalotiopsis macadamiae sp. nov. Plant Disease 101 (1): 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-16-0630-RE
  4. Akinsanmi, O.A., Wang, G., Neal, J., Russell, D., Drenth, A. & Topp, B. (2016b) Variation in susceptibility among macadamia genotypes and species to Phytophthora root decay caused by Phytophthora cinnamomic. Crop Protection 87: 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2016.04.021
  5. Aquino-Bolanos, E.N., Mapel-Velazco, L., Martin-del-Campo, S.T., Chavez-Servia, J.L., Martinez, A.J. & Verdalet-Guzman, I. (2017) Fatty acids profile of oil from nine varieties of Macadamia nut. International Journal of Food Properties 20 (6): 1262–1269. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2016.1206125
  6. Ariyawansa, H.A., Tanaka, K., Thambugala, K.M., Phookamsak, R., Tian, Q., Camporesi, E., Hongsanan, S., Monkai, J., Wanasinghe, D.N., Mapook, A., Chukeatirote, E., Kang, J.C., Xu, J.C., McKenzie, E.H.C., Jones, E.B.G. & Hyde, K.D. (2014) A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of the Didymosphaeriaceae (= Montagnulaceae). Fungal Diversity 68: 69–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0305-6
  7. Ariyawansa, H.A., Tsai, I., Thambugala, K.M., Chuang, W.Y., Lin, S.R., Hozzein, W.N. & Cheewangkoon, R. (2020) Species diversity of Pleosporalean taxa associated with Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze in Taiwan. Scientific Reports 10 (1): 12726. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69718-0
  8. Brahmanage, R.S., Dayarathne, M.C., Wanasinghe, D.N., Thambugala, K.M., Jeewon, R., Chethana, K.W.T., Samarakoon, M.C., Tennakoon, D.S., De Silva, N.I., Camporesi, E., Raza, M., Yan, J.Y. & Hyde, K.D. (2020) Taxonomic novelties of saprobic Pleosporales from selected dicotyledons and grasses. Mycosphere 11 (1): 2481–2541. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/15
  9. Cai, L, Ji, K.F & Hyde, K.D. (2006) Variation between freshwater and terrestrial fungal communities on decaying bamboo culms. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 89: 293–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-005-9030-1
  10. Chaiwan, N., Gomdola, D., Wang, S., Monkai, J., Tibpromma, S., Doilom, M., Wanasinghe, D.N., Mortimer, P.E., Lumyong, S. & Hyde, K.D. (2021) https://gmsmicrofungi.org: an online database providing updated information of microfungi in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Mycosphere 12 (1): 1513–1526. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/12/1/19
  11. Dai, D.Q., Bahkali, A.H., Li, W.J., Bhat, D.J., Zhao, R.L. & Hyde, K.D. (2015) Bambusicola loculata sp. nov. (Bambusicolaceae) from bamboo. Phytotaxa 213 (2): 122–130. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.213.2.5
  12. Dai, D.Q., Bhat, D.J., Liu, J.K., Chukeatirote, E., Zhao, R.L. & Hyde, K.D. (2012) Bambusicola, a new genus from bamboo with asexual and sexual morphs. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 33 (3): 363–379. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v33.iss3.2012.363
  13. Dai, D.Q., Phookamsak, R., Wijayawardene, N.N., Li, W.J., Bhat, D.J., Xu, J.C., Taylor, J.E., Hyde, K.D. & Chukeatirote, E. (2017) Bambusicolous fungi. Fungal Diversity 82 (1): 1–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0367-8
  14. Dong, W., Wang, B., Hyde, K.D., McKenzie, E.H.C., Raja, H.A., Tanaka, K., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Doilom, M., Phookamsak, R., Hongsanan, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Yu, X.D., Wang, G.N., Yang, H., Yang, J., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Luo, Z.L., Yang, J.B., Miller, A.N., Fournier, J., Boonmee, S., Hu, D.M., Nalumpang, S. & Zhang, H. (2020) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 105: 319–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00463-5
  15. Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G., Liu, J.K., Ariyawansa, H., Boehm, E., Boonmee, S., Braun, U., Chomnunti, P., Crous, P.W., Dai, D.Q., Diederich, P., Dissanayake, A., Doilom, M., Doveri, F., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R., Lawrey, J.D., Li, Y.M., Liu, Y.X., Lücking, R., Monkai, J., Muggia, L., Nelsen, M.P., Pang, K.L., Phookamsak, R., Senanayake, I., Shearer, C.A., Suetrong, S., Tanaka, K., Thambugala, K.M., Wijayawardene, N.N., Wikee, S., Wu, H.X., Zhang, Y., Aguirre-Hudson, B., Alias, S.A., Aptroot, A., Bahkali, A.H., Bezerra, J.L., Bhat, D.J., Camporesi, E., Chukeatirote, E., Gueidan, C., Hawksworth, D.L., Hirayama, K., Hoog, S.D., Kang, J.C., Knudsen, K., Li, W.J., Li, X.H., Liu, Z.Y., Mapook, A., McKenzie, E.H.C., Miller, A.N., Mortimer, P.E., Phillips, A.J.L., Raja, H.A., Scheuer, C.H., Schumm, F., Taylor, J.E., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wang, Y., Xu, J.C., Yan, J.Y., Yacharoen, S. & Zhang, M. (2013) Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63 (1): 1–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0263-4
  16. Index Fungorum (2023) Available from: http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp (accessed: 15 July 2023).
  17. Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, J., Buyck, B., Cai, L., Dai, Y.C., Abd-Elsalam, K.A., Ertz, D., Hidayat, I., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Bahkali, A.H., Karunarathna, S.C., Liu, J.K., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Moncalvo, J.M., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Nilsson, H., Pang, K.L., Pereira, O.L., Phillips, A.J.L., Raspé, O., Rollins, A.W., Romero, A.I., Etayo, J., Selçuk, F., Stephenson, S.L., Suetrong, S., Taylor, J.E., Tsui, C.K.M., Vizzini, A., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Wen, T.C., Boonmee, S., Dai, D.Q., Daranagama, D.A., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Fryar, S.C., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Li, W.J., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., de Silva, N.I., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Wijayawardene, N.N., Zhao, R.L., Zhao, Q., Kang, J.C. & Promputtha, I. (2015) The Faces of Fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. Fungal Diversity 74 (1): 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8
  18. Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G., McKenzie, E.H.C., Jeewon, R., Phillips, A.J.L., Bhat, D.J., Wanasinghe, D.N., Liu, J.K., Lu, Y.Z., Kang, J.C., Xu, J. & Karunarathna, S.C. (2019) Diversity, morphology and molecular phylogeny of Dothideomycetes on decaying wild seed pods and fruits. Mycosphere 10: 1–186. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/1
  19. Larsson, A. (2014) AliView: A fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large datasets. Bioinformatics 30: 3276–3278. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531
  20. Li, X.J., Leng, J.S., Yu, L.F., Bai, H.D., Li, X.J., Wisniewski, M., Liu, J. & Sui, Y. (2022) Efficacy of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma hamatum against Lasiodiplodia theobromae on macadamia. Frontiers in Microbiology 13: 994422. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.994422
  21. Li, Y.P., Finnegan, P.M., Liu, M.J., Zhao, J.X., Nie, Y.L. & Tang, L. (2023) First report of Neofusicoccum parvum causing leaf spot disease on Macadamia integrifolia in China. Plant Disease 107 (2): 555. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-22-0299-PDN
  22. Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, J.D., Boonmee, S., Maharachchikumbura, S.S., Mckenzie, E.H., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Shenoy, B.D., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Buyck, B., Chen, J., Chethana, K.W., Singtripop, C., Dai, D.Q., Dai, Y.C., Daranagama, D.A., Dissanayake, A.J., Doilom, M., Dsouza, M.J., Fan, X.L., Goonasekara, I.D., Hirayama, K., Hongsanan, S., Jayasiri, S.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Karunarathana, S.C., Li, W.J., Mapook, A., Norphanphoun, C., Pang, K.L., Perera, R.H., Peroh, D., Pinruan, U., Senanayake, I.C., Somrithipol, S., Suetrong, S., Tanaka, K., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Udayanga, D., Wuayawardene, N.N., Wanasinghe, D., Wisitrassameewong, K., Zeng, X.Y., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Adamk, S., Bahkali, A.H., Boonyuen, N., Bulgakov, T., Callac, P., Chomnunti, P., Greiner, K., Hashimoto, A., Hofstetter, V., Kang, J.C., Lewis, D., Li, X.L., Liu, X., Liu, Z.Y., Matsumura, M., Mortimer, P.E., Rambold, G., Randrianjohany, E., Sato, G., Sriindrasutdhi, V., Tian, C.M., Verbeken, A., von Brackel, W., Wang, Y., Wen, T.C., Xu, J.C., Yan, J.Y., Zhao, R.L. & Camporesi, E. (2015) Fungal diversity notes 1–110: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species. Fungal Diversity 72 (1): 1–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0324-y
  23. Liu, Y.J., Whelen, S. & Hall, B.D. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerse II subunit. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16 (12): 1799–1808. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092
  24. Lu, L., Karunarathna, S.C., Dai, D.Q., Xiong, Y.R., Suwannarach, N., Stephenson, S.L., Elgorban, A.M., Al-Rejaie, S. & Tibpromma, S. (2022) Description of four novel species in Pleosporales associated with coffee in Yunnan, China. Journal of Fungi 8 (10): 1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101113
  25. Ma, S.X., Hu, X.J., Fu, J.R., Xu, R., Li, Z.Y. & Zou, J.Y. (2021) Amino acid compositions and antibacterial activities of different molecular weight macadamia nut polypeptides. Science and Technology of Food Industry 42 (7): 83–88. (in Chinese with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2020060376
  26. Miller, M.A., Pfeifer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Sci ence Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop. pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
  27. Monkai, J., Wanasinghe, D.N., Jeewon, R., Promputtha, I. & Phookamsak, R. (2021) Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of fungi within Bambusicolaceae: introducing two new species from the Greater Mekong Subregion. Mycological Progress 20: 721–732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01694-9
  28. Nylander, J.M. (2004) MrModeltest v25. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University: Uppsala, Sweden.
  29. Prasannath, K., Galea, V.J. & Akinsanmi, O.A. (2020) Characterisation of leaf spots caused by Neopestalotiopsis clavispora and Colletotrichum siamense in macadamia in Australia. European Journal of Plant Pathology 156: 1219–1225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-01962-6
  30. Prasannath, K., Shivas, R.G., Galea, V.J. & Akinsanmi, O.A. (2021) Neopestalotiopsis species associated with flower diseases of Macadamia integrifolia in Australia. Journal of Fungi 7 (9): 771. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7090771
  31. Rambaut, A. (2012) FigTree. Version 1.4.0. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree (accessed: 15 November 2023).
  32. Rehner, S.A. & Buckley, E. (2005) A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-α sequences: Evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. Mycologia 97 (1): 84–98. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.1.84
  33. Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19 (12): 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
  34. Senanayake, I.C., Rathnayaka, A.R., Marasinghe, D.S., Calabon, M.S., Gentekaki, E., Lee, H.B., Hurdeal, V.G., Pem, D., Dissanayake, L.S., Wijesinghe, S.N., Bundhun, D., Nguyen, T.T., Goonasekara, I.D., Abeywickrama, P.D., Bhunjun, C.S., Jayawardena, R.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J. & Xiang, M.M. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. Mycosphere 11 (1): 2678–2754. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20
  35. Shuai, X.X., Dai, T.T., Chen, M.S., Liang, R.H., Du, L.Q., Chen, J. & Liu, C.M. (2022) Comparative study on the extraction of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) oil using different processing methods. LWT-Food Science and Technology 154: 112614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112614
  36. Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22 (21): 2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446
  37. Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: A tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
  38. Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P. & Rougemont, J. (2008) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the ML web servers. Systematic biology 57 (5): 758–771. https://doiorg/101080/10635150802429642
  39. Suetrong, S., Hyde, K.D., Zhang, Y., Bahkali, A.H. & Jones, E.G. (2011) Trematosphaeriaceae fam. nov. (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota). Cryptogamie, Mycologie 32 (4): 343–358. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v32.iss4.2011.343
  40. Tanaka, K., Hirayama, K., Yonezawa, H., Hatakeyama, S., Harada, Y., Sano, T., Shirouzu, T. & Hosoya, T. (2009) Molecular taxonomy of bambusicolous fungi: Tetraplosphaeriaceae, a new pleosporalean family with Tetraploa-like anamorphs. Studies in Mycology 64: 175–209. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2009.64.10
  41. Thambugala, K.M., Wanasinghe, D.N., Phillips, A.J., Camporesi, E., Bulgakov, T.S., Phukhamsakda, C., Ariyawansa, H.A., Goonasekara, I.D., Phookamsak, R., Dissanayake, A., Tennakoon, D.S., Tibpromma, S., Chen, Y.Y., Liu, Z.Y. & Hyde, K.D. (2017) Mycosphere notes 1–50: grass (Poaceae) inhabiting Dothideomycetes. Mycosphere 8 (84): 697–796. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/8/4/13
  42. Trueman, S.J. (2013) The reproductive biology of macadamia. Scientia Horticulturae 150 (4): 354–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.11.032
  43. Vaidya, G., Lohman, D.J. & Meier, R. (2011) SequenceMatrix: Concatenation software for the fast assembly of multi-gene datasets with character set and codon information. Cladistics 27 (2): 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00329.x
  44. Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172 (8): 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
  45. White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S.J.W.T. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications 18: 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
  46. Wijayawardene, N.N., Hyde, K.D., Dai, D.Q., Sánchez-García, M., Goto, B.T., Saxena, R.K., Erdoðdu, M., Selçuk, F., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Aptroot, A., Błaszkowski, J., Boonyuen, N., da Silva, G.A., de Souza, F.A., Dong, W., Ertz, D., Haelewaters, D., Jones, E.B.G., Karunarathna, S.C., Kirk, P.M., Kukwa, M., Kumla, J., Leontyev, D.V., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Marguno, F., Martínez-Rodríguez, P., Mešić, A., Monteiro, J.S., Oehl, F., Pawłowska, J., Pem, D., Pfliegler, W.P., Phillips, A.J.L., Pošta, A., He, M.Q., Li, J.X., Raza, M., Sruthi, O.P., Suetrong, S., Suwannarach, N., Tedersoo, L., Thiyagaraja, V., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tokarev, Y.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wijesundara, D.S.A., Wimalaseana, S.D.M.K., Madrid, H., Zhang, G.Q., Gao, Y., Sánchez-Castro, I., Tang, L.Z., Stadler, M., Yurkov, A. & Thines, M. (2022) Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa—2021. Mycosphere 13: 53–453. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2
  47. Wijesinghe, S.N., Wang, Y., Camporesi, E., Wanasinghe, D.N., Boonmee, S. & Hyde, K.D. (2020) A new genus of Bambusicolaceae (Pleosporales) on Corylus avellana (Fagales) from Italy. Biodiversity data journal 8: e55957. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e55957
  48. Yang, C.L., Xu, X.L. & Liu, Y.G. (2019) Two new species of Bambusicola (Bambusicolaceae, Pleosporales) on Phyllostachys heteroclada from Sichuan, China. Nova Hedwigia 108 (3): 527–545. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2019/0526
  49. Yu, X.D., Zhang, S.N. & Liu, J.K. (2022) Morpho-phylogenetic evidence reveals novel Pleosporalean taxa from Sichuan Province, China. Journal of Fungi 8 (7): 720. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070720
  50. Zhang, Y., Crous, P.W., Schoch, C.L., Hyde, K.D. (2012) Pleosporales. Fungal Diversity 53: 1–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0117-x
  51. Zhang, Y., Wang, H.K., Fournier, J., Crous, P.W., Jeewon, R., Pointing, S.B. & Hyde, K.D. (2009) Towards a phylogenetic clarification of Lophiostoma /Massarina and morphologically similar genera in the Pleosporales. Fungal Diversity 38: 225–251.