Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2024-01-05
Page range: 108-124
Abstract views: 80
PDF downloaded: 6

A review and analysis of the early nomenclature and taxonomy associated with the genus name Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), published by Michel Adanson (1727–1806) in 1763, with notes on the late-18 century taxonomy of the genus

Ria Olivier Herbarium, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031 South Africa.
Ria Olivier Herbarium, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031 South Africa.
history Kalanchoe aegyptiaca Kalanchoe ceratophylla Kalanchoe crenata Kalanchoe laciniata Kalanchoe spathulata typification Eudicots

Abstract

In 1763 Michel Adanson (1727–1806) published several hundred new genus names, including some in the “Famille Les Jourbarbes. Seda.”, i.e., the present-day Crassulaceae. One of these, Kalanchoe, was published for the then cotyledonoid species with tetramerous flowers. The early nomenclature associated with the validly published and legitimate genus name Kalanchoe and the late-18th century taxonomy of the genus are reviewed. Based on available evidence it is very likely that Adanson was familiar with, and had material at his disposal of, more than one species of Kalanchoe. However, Adanson did not himself validly publish any species names in the genus.

References

  1. Adanson, M. (1763 [July–August]) Familles des plantes. Contenant une Préface Historike sur l’état ancien & actuel de la Botanike, & une Téorie de cette Science. II. Partie. Chez Vincent, Imprimeur-Libraire de Mgr le Comte de Provence, rue S, Severin, Paris, 640 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/6958#page/794/mode/1up]
  2. Adanson, M. (1764 [March] [“1763”]) Familles des plantes. Contenant une Préface Historike fur l’état ancien & actuel de la Botanike, & une Téorie de cette Science. I. Partie. Chez Vincent, Imprimeur-Libraire de Mgr le Comte de Provence, rue S, Severin, Paris, 189 pp. [fide Stafleu & Cowan 1976: 10] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.271
  3. Andrews, H.[C.] (1798 [Jan.–Dec.] [1797–1815]) The botanist’s repository, for new, and rare plants. Containing coloured figures of such plants, as have not hitherto appeared in any similar publication; with all their essential characters, botanically arranged, after the sexual system of the celebrated Linnaeus; in English and Latin. To each description is added, a short history of the plant, as to its time of flowering, culture, native place of growth, when introduced, and by whom. The whole executed by Henry Andrews, author of the coloured engravings of heaths, in folio. [Vereia Andrews treated in Vol. 1: t. 21 (1798).] Printed by T. Bensley, and published by the author, No 5, Knightsbridge. To be had of J. White, Fleet-street, and all the Booksellers, London, 42 plates; pages not numbered. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111072#page/94/mode/1up]
  4. Bai, L., Leong-Škorničková, J. & Xia, N. (2023) Typification of Adanson’s generic name Pacoseroca (Zingiberaceae) and its implications. Taxon 72 (1): 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12773
  5. Barrie, F.R. (2006 [August]) Proposals to conserve or reject. Report of the General Committee: 9. Taxon 55 (3): 795–800. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065657
  6. Bayton, R. (2020) The gardener’s botanical. An encyclopedia of Latin plant names. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford, 352 pp. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691209135
  7. Berger, A. (1930 [Mai]) Crassulaceae. Unterfam. II. Kalanchoideae [sic, Kalanchooideae]. 6. Kalanchoe Adanson. 7. Kitchingia Baker. 8. Bryophyllum Salisb. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, edn 2, 18a. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 378–386, 402–412.
  8. Boerhaave, H. (1710 [October]) Index plantarum, quæ in horto academico Lugdano Batavo reperiuntur. [Index plantarum horti lugduno batavi per Hermannum Boerhaven, quae in horto academico Lugdano Batavo reperiuntur]. Apud Cornelium Boutestein, Leiden, xvi + 278 pp. + 12 pp. index. [https://gutenberg.beic.it/view/action/nmets.do?DOCCHOICE=8766537.xml&dvs=1682688297421~823&locale=en_US&search_terms=&show_metadata=true&adjacency=&VIEWER_URL=/view/action/nmets.do?&DELIVERY_RULE_ID=7&divType=]
  9. Boerhaave, H. (1720) Index alter plantarum quae in horto academico Lugduno-Batavo aluntur. 2 volumes. Petrus van der Aa, Leiden, 320 pp. (volume 1) & 270 pp. (volume 2) + 40 engravings. [https://archive.org/details/indexalterplant00boergoog/page/n352/mode/2up or https://gutenberg.beic.it/view/action/nmets.do?DOCCHOICE=8807973.xml&dvs=1682690041707~419&locale=en_US&search_terms=&show_metadata=true&adjacency=&VIEWER_URL=/view/action/nmets.do?&DELIVERY_RULE_ID=7&divType=]
  10. Britten, J. (1871) Order L. Crassulaceae. 4. Kalanchoe, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 659. In: Oliver, D. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa (Leguminosae to Ficoideae) 2. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 390–398. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124#page/391/mode/1up]
  11. Brummitt, R.K. (1990 [May]) Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta, 37. Taxon 39 (2): 293–296. https://doi.org/10.2307/1223054
  12. Brummitt, R.K. (1993 [November]) Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 39. Taxon 42 (4): 873–879. https://doi.org/10.2307/1223273
  13. Camello, G.J. (1704) Appendix. Herbarium aliarumque stirpium in insulâ Luzone Philippinarum primariâ nascenticum syllabus […]. In: J. Ray, Historiae plantarum tomus tomus tertius […]. Apud Sam. Smith & Benj. Walford, Reg. Soc. Typographos, ad Insignia Principis, in Area Boreali, D. Pauli, Londoni [London], Appendix: pp. 1–96, whole work 666 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126270#page/819/mode/1up]
  14. Candolle, A.P., de. (1801 [25 April]) Plantarum historia succulentarum. Histoire des plantes grasses. Vol. 2. Part 11. [Plate 64. Kalanchoë ægyptiaca DC. and Plate 65 Kalanchoë spathulata DC.] A.J. Dugour & Durand, Paris, 121 pp. & 49 plates. [Plantes grasses de P.J. Redouté peintre du Muséum National D’histoire naturelle, Décrites par A.P. Decandolle, Membre de la Société des Sciences Naturelles Genève, etc. Livraison. Prix, 3o francs la Livraison.—Il en paraîtra une aque mois. A. Paris, Chez Garnery, Libraire, rue de Seine, ancien Hôtel Mirabeau, Ant. Aug. Renouard, Libraire, rue S. André-des-Arcs, n°. 42. A Paris et à Strasbourg, chez les frères Levrault, Libraires. AN X. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9909#page/68/mode/1up]
  15. Candolle, A.P., de. (1802 [June–July]) Plantarum historia succulentarum. Histoire des plantes grasses. Vol. 2. Part 17. [Plate 100. Kalanchoe laciniata DC.] A.J. Dugour & Durand, Paris, 121 pp. & 49 plates. [Plantes grasses de P.J. Redouté peintre du Muséum National D’histoire naturelle, Décrites par A.P. Decandolle, Membre de la Société des Sciences Naturelles Genève, etc. Livraison. Prix, 3o francs la Livraison.—Il en paraîtra une aque mois. A. Paris, Chez Garnery, Libraire, rue de Seine, ancien Hôtel Mirabeau, Ant. Aug. Renouard, Libraire, rue S. André-des-Arcs, n°. 42. A Paris et à Strasbourg, chez les frères Levrault, Libraires. AN X. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9909#page/222/mode/1up]
  16. Cristini, M. (2022) The etymology of the generic name Kalanchoe. CactusWorld 40 (1): 23–25.
  17. Cullum, L.A. (1956) Georg Joseph Kamel: Philippine botanist, physician, pharmacist. Philippine Studies 4 (2): 319–339.
  18. Descoings, B. (2003) Kalanchoe. In: Eggli, U. (Ed.) Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Crassulaceae. Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg, pp. 143–181.
  19. Diop, D. (2023) Beyond the door of no return. [Translated from the original French by S. Taylor.] Pushkin Press, London, 243 pp.
  20. Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. [avec la collaboration de Fischer, M., Orso, J. & Jeanmonod, D.] (2011 [juin]) Index synonymique de la flore d’Afrique du Nord. Volume 3: Dicotyledoneae: Balsaminaceae—Euphorbiaceae. [Un inventaire critique et bibliographique de la Flore vasculaire d’Afrique du Nord. Publication hors-série no 11b]. Ville de Genève, Éditions des Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Chambesy, Genève, 449 pp.
  21. Don, G. (1834) A general history of the dichlamydeous plants comprising complete descriptions of the different orders […]. Vol. III.—Calyciflorae. [Kalanchoe treated on pp. 108–109] Printed for J.G. and F. Rivington […], London, 867 pp. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16485775
  22. Dorr, L.J. & Parkinson, P.G. (1990 [February]) (969) Proposal to conserve the spelling 1320 Ravenala (Strelitziaceae). Taxon 39 (1): 131–132. https://doi.org/10.2307/1223206
  23. Eggli, U. & Newton, L.E. (2004) Etymological dictionary of succulent plant names. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 266 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07125-0_1
  24. Fernandes, R.B. (1980) Notes sur quelques espèces du genre Kalanchoe Adans. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana (sér. 2.a) 53: 325–442.
  25. Font Quer, P. (1935) De flora occidentale adnotationes XIII. [185. Kalanchoe faustii Font Quer described on pp. 149–150.] Cavanilles 7: 149–150. [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/10206/?offset=#page=153&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=]
  26. Forsskål, P. (1775 [1 October]) Flora aegyptiaco-arabica. Sive descriptiones plantarum, quas per Aegyptum inferiorem et Arabium felicem detexit, illustravit Petrus Forskål. Prof. Haun. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Accedit tabula Arabiae felicis geographico-botanica. Ex officina Mölleri, aulæ Typographi. Prostat apud Heineck et Faber, Hauniæ, pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6625
  27. Fu, Kunjun (Fu, Kun-tsun), Gilbert, M.G. & Ohba, H. (2001a [June]) 3. Kalanchoe Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 248. 1763. Flora of China 8: 204–205. Print edition copyright Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA, and Science Press, Beijing, China, the Flora of China. Published online by the Flora of China Project at: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=116917 (accessed: 12 May 2023).
  28. Fu, Kunjun (Fu, Kun-tsun) & Gilbert, M.G. (2001b [June]) 2. Bryophyllum Salisbury, Parad. Lond. t. 3. 1805. Flora of China 8: 204. Print edition copyright Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA, and Science Press, Beijing, China, the Flora of China. Published online by the Flora of China Project at: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=104753 (accessed: 12 May 2023).
  29. Gicklhorn, J. & Gicklhorn, R. (1954) Georg Joseph Kamel S. J. (1661–1706) Apotheker, Botaniker, Arzt und Naturforscher der Philippineninseln. Veröffentlichungen der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Pharmazie, Neue Folge. Band 4. Herausgegeben von Georg Edmund Dann, Eutin, Holstein, Germany, 123 pp + 14 figures on unnumbered pages.
  30. Goethe, J.W. von. (1857) “Mit einem Blatt Bryophyllum calycinum” [“With a leaf of Bryophyllum calycinum”], a poem written as part of a letter Goethe wrote to Marianne von Willemer on 19 April 1830, to which a leaf of Kalanchoe pinnata [= Bryophyllum calycinum] was attached. In: Goethe’s sämtliche Werke. In dreizig Bänden. Vollstandige, neugeordnete Ausgabe. Sechster Band, pp. 161–162. J.G. Cotta, Stuttgart, whole work 462 pp. [https://books.google.ch/books?id=Zt8FAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA161#v=onepage&q&f=false]
  31. Harvey, W.H. (1862) Order LIII. Crassulaceae, D.C. VIII. Kalanchoe, Adans. In: W.H. Harvey & O.W. Sonder, Flora capensis [being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal], Vol. 2. L. Reeve & Co., Ltd, Kent, pp. 378–380. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/15233#page/386/mode/1up]
  32. Haworth, A.H. (1812) Synopsis plantarum succulentarum, cum descriptionibus, synonymis, locis; observationibus anglicanis, culturaque. [Kalenchoe, sic. Kalanchoe, on pp. 109–110; Bryophyllum on p. 110.] Typis Richardi Taylor et Socii, Shoe-Lane, Londoni, 334 pp.; including ‘Appendix’. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38208#page/118/mode/1up
  33. Haworth, A.H. (1819) Supplementum plantarum succulentarum, sistens plantas novas vel nuper introductas, sive omissas in Synopse plantarum succulentarum : cum observationibus variis anglicanis. Adjungitur Narcissorum revisio. Impensis J. Harding, St James’s Street, Londini, 160 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9314
  34. Haworth, A.H. (1821) Saxifragëarum enumeratio. Accedunt Revisiones plantarum succulentarum. [Kalanchöe Adanson on p. 23–24 of Revisiones plantarum succulentarum.] Venuent apud Wood, 428, Strand, [Typis R. et A. Taylor, Shoe-Lane], Londoni / In Ædibus [et ‘Typis’] R. et A. Taylor, Londoni, 62 pp. [Saxifragëarum enumeratio] + 207 pp. [Revisiones plantarum succulentarum. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39782#page/105/mode/1up]
  35. Haworth, A.H. (1829 [October]) XLVII. A new account of the genus Kalanchöe. The Philosophical Magazine and Annals 6 (XXXIV): 301–305. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53114#page/315/mode/1up]
  36. Huxley, R. (2019) Unity in diversity. In: Huxley, R. (Ed.) The great naturalists. Thames & Hudson, London, in association with The Natural History Museum, London, pp. 8–18; whole work 272 pp.
  37. IPNI. (2023+) The International Plant Names Index. Available from: https://www.ipni.org/ (continuously updated; accessed May 2023).
  38. Jarvis, C.[E.] (2007) Order out of chaos. Linnaean plant names and their types. The Linnean Society of London in association with Natural History Museum, London, 1016 pp.
  39. Jarvis, C.E. (2019) Georg Rumphius’ Herbarium Amboinense (1741–1750) as a source of information on Indonesian plants for Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778). Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 71 (Suppl. 2): 87–107. https://doi.org/10.26492/gbs71(suppl.2).2019-08
  40. Koorders, S.H. (1919 [Mai] [24 October 1918]) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Flora von Java No. 18. Beschreibung von Kalanchoë Schumacheri vom Idjen-Plateau und Revision der Crassulaceae von Java. (Mit 2 lithographischen Tafeln.). Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 1 (3): 169–180, Figures 14 and 15. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/205/mode/1up (text); https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/243/mode/1up (figures)]
  41. Kroupa, S. (2016 [24 July]) Ex epistulis Philippinensibus: Georg Joseph Kamel SJ (1661–1706) and his correspondence network. Centaurus 57 (4): 229–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/1600-0498.12099
  42. Kroupa, S., Madulid, D. & Agoo, E.M. (2020) Georg Joseph Kamel. In: Carine, M. (Ed.) The collectors. Creating Hans Sloane’s extraordinary herbarium. Natural History Museum, London, pp. 174–179; whole work 208 pp.
  43. Kuntze, [C.E.]O. (1887) Plantae orientali-rossicae. Acta Horti Petropolitani. Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago Sada. [St Petersburg]. 10 (Fasciculus I): 135–262. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15903112#page/136/mode/1up]
  44. Lamarck, J-B.P.A. de M. de. (1786 [16 October]) Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique. Tome second, 1. Chez Panckoucke, Libraire, Hôtel de Thou, rue des Poitevins, Paris, and Chez Plomteux, Imprimeur des Etats, Liège, 774 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.824
  45. Lamy, D. (2019) Michel Adanson. A universal method of classification. In: Huxley, R. (Ed.) The great naturalists. Thames & Hudson, London, in association with The Natural History Museum, London, pp. 132–136; whole work 272 pp.
  46. Linnaeus, C. (1737) Genera plantarum: eorumque characteres naturales secundum numerum, figuram, situm, et proportionem omnium fructificationis partium. [382. Cotyledon on p. 136.] Apud Conradum Wishoff, Lugduni batavorum, 384 pp. [“Index” and “Emmendanda” pages not numbered. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141482#page/158/mode/1up]
  47. Linnaeus, C. (1738 [“1737”]) Hortus cliffortianus. Plantas exhibens quas in hortistam vivis quam siccis, Hartecampi in Hollandia, coluit [...] Georgius Clifford [...] reductis varietatibus ad species, speciebus ad genera, generibus ad classes, adjectis locis plantarum natalibus differentusque specierum. Cum tabulis aeneis. Amstelædami [Amsterdam], 501 pp. [“Index”, Ratio”, and “Emendanda pages not numbered.] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.690
  48. Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Volumes 1 and 2. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp. [volume 1] and 1200 pp. [total]; indices not paginated. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
  49. Linnaeus, C. (1754a [Aug]) Genera plantarum: eorumque characteres naturales secundum numerum, figuram, situm, et proportionem omnium fructificationis partium. Editio quinta ab auctore reformata et aucta. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ [Stockholm], 500 pp. [“Index” and “Speciebus plantarum. Adde.” pages not numbered.] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.746
  50. Linnaeus, C. (1754b [11 May]) Herbarium amboinense, quod consens, experient. Facult. medicae in Regia Academia Upsaliensi, sub praesidio [...] Caroli Linnaei, [...] publico examini submittit, [...] Olavus Stickman, Smolandus. In Auditorio car. majori d. xi. Maji, anno mdccliv. H. A. M. S. Exc. L.M. Höjer, Reg. Acad. Typ. Upsaliæ [Uppsala], 28 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.78821
  51. Linnaeus, C. (1762) Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus I. Editio secunda. Impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ [Stockholm], 784 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11179
  52. Maire, R. (1938 [Juin]) Contributions à l’étude de la Flore de l’Afrique du Nord (Fascicule 26). [“2450. Kalanchoë Faustii Font-Quer, Cavanill., 7, p. 144 [sic, 149–150], 1935” treated on p. 418.] Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de l’Afrique du Nord 29 (6): 403–458.
  53. Maire, R. (1977) Kalanchoe Adanson (1763) Rosales: Crassulaceae. In: Quézel, P.[A.] (Ed.) Flore de l’Afrique de Nord (Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Tripolitaine, Cyrénaïque et Sahara). Vol. XIV. Rhoeadales: Cruciferae fin Resedaceae. Sarraceniales: Droseraceae. Rosales: Crassulaceae. Éditions Paul Lechevalier éditeur S.A.R.L., 19, rue Augereau, 19, Paris, pp. 239–241, 251–252, 263. [https://archive.org/details/flore-afrique-du-nord/Vol%2014%20Flore%20de%20l%27Afrique%20Du%20Nord%20Maroc%20Algerie%20Tunisie%20Tripolitaine%20Cyrenaique%20Et%20Sahara%20R-Maire-1977/page/n119/mode/2up]
  54. McOuat, G. (2001) Cataloguing power: delineating ‘competent naturalists’ and the meaning of species in the British Museum. The British Journal for the History of Science 34: 1–28. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4028036]
  55. Merrill, E.D. (1917) An interpretation of Rumphius’s Herbarium amboinense. Bureau of Printing, Manila, 595 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79163
  56. Nicolson, D.H. (Ed.) (1992 [August]) Proposals to conserve or reject. Seventy-two proposals for the conservation of types of selected Linnaean generic names, the report of Subcommittee 3C on the lectotypification of Linnaean generic names. Taxon 41 (3): 552–583. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1996-8175.1992.tb02575.x
  57. Nicolson, D.H. (1993 [May]) Report on the status of proposals to conserve and / or reject names (nomina conservanda et rejicienda proposita) published by the end of 1992. Taxon 42 (2): 435–446. https://doi.org/10.2307/1223154
  58. Ohba, H. (2003 [October]) Taxonomic studies on the Asian species of the genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) 1. Kalanchoe spathulata and its allied species. Journal of Japanese Botany. [Shokubutsu Kenkyu Zasshi]. Tokyo 78 (5): 247–256.
  59. Oken, L. (1841) Allgemeine Naturgeschichte für alle Stande, von Professor Oken. Vol. 3 (3). Hoffmann’sche Verlags-Buchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 1966–1967; Index (“Register”): pp. 1–44. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180203#page/524/mode/1up]
  60. Parkinson, P.G. (1987a [February]) Adanson’s generic names for seed plants: validation and typification. Part 1, nomina conservanda and nomina conservanda proposita. Taxon 36 (1): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1996-8175.1987.tb03935.x
  61. Parkinson, P.G. (1987b [February]) Adanson’s generic names for plants: status and typification. Taxon 36 (1): 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1996-8175.1987.tb03936.x
  62. Parkinson, P.G. (1987c [August]) Adanson’s generic names for seed plants: validation and typification part 2—unconserved names in current use. Taxon 36 (3): 601–608. https://doi.org/10.2307/1221854
  63. Pattock. (2022) Cactus Talk. Comments on Kalanchoe etymology. CactusWorld 40 (2): 148.
  64. Persoon, C.H. (1805 [1 April–15 June 1805]) Synopsis plantarum, seu enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitorum. Pars prima. Apud Carol. Frid. Cramerum, Parisiis lutetiorum [Paris] et apud J.G. Cottam, Tubingæ [London], pp. 445–446; whole work 546 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/11125#page/457/mode/1up]
  65. Philcox, D. (1999) Crassulaceae. Kalanchoe. In: Dassanayake, M.D. & Clayton, W.D. (Eds.) A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. Vol. XIII. A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam and Brookfield, pp. 61–64.
  66. Pickering, H. & Darbyshire, I. (2015) Crassulaceae. Bryophyllum and Kalanchoe. In: Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (Eds. & Comps.) The plants of Sudan and South Sudan. An annotated checklist. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, pp. 155–156 [whole work 400 pp].
  67. Plukenet, L (1692) Leonardi Plukenetii Phytographia sive illustriorum & miniis cognitarum icons tabulis aeneis summâ diligentiâ elaboratae; quarum unaquaeque titulis descriptoriis ex notis suis propriis & characteristicis desumptis insignita; ab aliis ejusdem sortis facile discriminatur. [Including “[Plukn. Almag. p. 362.] Tab. 228. Fig. 3.”, as “TAB. CCXXVIII”.] Pars tertia. Sumptibus autoris, Londini, vii pp. + plates 121–239 + [third] appendix plates 240–250. [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/idurl/1/13656 or https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/13656-phytographia-pars-tertia]
  68. Plukenet, L. (1696) Almagestum botanicum sive Phytographiae Pluc’netianae onomasticon methodo syn theticâ digestum exhibens stirpium exoticarum, rariorum, novarumque nomina, quae descriptionis locum supplere possunt ... adjiciuntur & aliquot novarum plantarum icones in gratiam phylophytosophorum in lucem nùnc editae. Trahit sua quemquè voluptas [...]. [Including mention of “Telephium maximum Africanum flore aurantiaco [orange], ex Cod. Benting Phytogr. Tab. 228 fig. 3. Itèm ex Hollandiâ habuimus.” on p. 362.] Sumptibus autoris, Londini, v, 402 pp. [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/zoom/9606885]
  69. Reyes, R.A.G. (2009 [October]) Botany and zoology in the late seventeenth-century Philippines: the work of Georg Josef Camel SJ (1661–1706). Archives of Natural History 36 (2): 262–276.
  70. Rumphius, G.E. (1747 [whole series 1741–1750]) Het amboinsche kruid-boek. [Herb. amboin.] Dat is, beschryving van de meest bekende boomen, heesters, kruiden, land- en water-planten, die men in Amboina, en de omleggende eylanden vind, na haare gedaante, verscheide benamingen, aanqueking, en gebruik: mitsgaders van eenige insecten en gediertens, voor ’t meeste deel met de figuren daar toe behoorende, allen met veel moeite en vleit in veele jaaren vergadert, en beschreven in twaalf boeken, door Georgius Everhardus Rumphius, [..]. nagezien en uitgegeven door Joannes Burmannus, [...] die daar verscheide benamingen en zyne aanmerkingen heeft bygevoegt. Vyfde deel. François Changuion & Hermanus Uytwerf, Amsterdam, and Pieter Gosse, Jan Neaulme, Adriaan Moetjens, & Antony van Dole, Hage, viii + 492 pp. + 751 plates. [http://www.botanicus.org/item/31753000819455]
  71. Rumphius, G.E. [with Johannes Burman]. (1755 [ca. 22 September]) Georgii Everhardi Rumphii, [...] Herbarii amboinensis auctuarium [Herb. amboin. auctuar.], reliquas complectens arbores, frutices, ac plantas, quae in Amboina, et adjacentibus demum repertae sunt insulis, omnes accuratissime descriptae, & delineatae juxta earum formas, cum diversis indicis denominationibus, cultura, usu, ac viribus; nunc primum in lucem editum, & in Latinum sermonem versum, cura & studio Joannis Burmanni, [...] qui varia adjecit synonyma, suasque observationes. Apud Mynardum Uytwerf, & viduam ac filium S. Schouten, Amstelædami [Amsterdam], 74 pp. + 29 plates; pages of ‘Index universalis in sex tomos et Auctuarium Herbarii amboinensis Cl. Georgii Everhardi Rumphii’, by J. Burman not numbered. [https://gutenberg.beic.it/view/action/nmets.do?DOCCHOICE=6970127.xml&dvs=1682682890893~386&locale=en_US&search_terms=&show_metadata=true&adjacency=&VIEWER_URL=/view/action/nmets.do?&DELIVERY_RULE_ID=7&divType=]
  72. Salisbury, R.A. (1805 [1 June 1805]) The Paradisus Londinensis: or coloured figures of plants cultivated in the vicinity of the metropolis 1. Published by William Hooker, No. 6, Frith Street, city not stated, presumably London, 157 pp. & 117 plates. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53520
  73. Sibeko, L., Johns, T. & Hsiao, B. (2023) Traditional perinatal plant knowledge in Sub-Saharan Africa: comprehensive compilation and secondary analysis. South African Journal of Botany 154: 120–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2023.01.007
  74. Smith, G.F. (2023a) The ‘woody clade’ in Kalanchoe: reinstatement and amendment of K. subg. Calophygia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) published by Bernard Marie Descoings in 2006. Phytotaxa 616 (2): 113–127. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.616.2.1
  75. Smith, G.F. (2023b) A review of exotic Kalanchoe taxa (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) naturalised and cultivated in Africa and the Gulf of Guinea islands, with their nomenclature updated. Phytotaxa 613 (1): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.1
  76. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018a) Nomenclatural notes on Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (Crassulaceae). Bradleya 36: 220–223. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a18
  77. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018b) The infrageneric classification and nomenclature of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae), with special reference to the southern African species. Bradleya 36: 162–172. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a10
  78. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023) A review and analysis of the use of epithets in infrageneric, species, and infraspecific names in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): trends in the plant naming game. Phytotaxa 618 (3): 213–242. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.618.3.1
  79. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (U.S.A.), and Oxford, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-00602-X
  80. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022a) The nomenclature and taxonomy of Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae resolved. Phytotaxa 555 (3): 241–251. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.3.3
  81. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022b) (2908) Proposal to reject the name Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae (Crassulaceae). Taxon 71 (4): 910–911. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12778
  82. Smith, G.F., Shtein, R., Klein, D.-P., Parihar, B., Almeida, A., Rodewald, S. & Kadereit, G. (2021) Special Review. Sexual and asexual reproduction in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a review of known and newly recorded strategies. Haseltonia 28: 2–22. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0101
  83. Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1976) Taxonomic literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Volume I: A–G. Second edition. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, [Regnum vegetabile 94], 1136 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/t.206090
  84. Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1979) Taxonomic literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Volume II: H-Le. Second edition. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, and dr W. Junk b.v., Publishers, The Hague, [Regnum vegetabile 98], 991 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/t.206091
  85. Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1983) Taxonomic literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Volume IV: P-Sak. Second edition. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht / Antwerpen, and dr W. Junk b.v., Publishers, The Hague / Boston, [Regnum vegetabile 110], 1214 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/t.206493
  86. Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, [Regnum vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
  87. Turner, I.M. & Veldkamp, J.F. (2009) A history of cananga (Annonaceae). Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 61 (1): 189–204.
  88. Vargas, A., Herrera, I., Nualart, N., Guézou, A., Gómez-Bellver, C., Freire, E., Jaramillo Díaz, P. & López-Pujol, J. (2022) The genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in Ecuador: from gardens to the wild. Plants 11 (3): 1746, 22 pp. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131746
  89. Voss, E.G., Burdet, H.M., Chaloner, W.G., Demoulin, V., Hiepko, P., McNeill, J., Meikle, R.D., Nicolson, D.H., Rollins, R.C., Silva, P.C. & Greuter, W. (1983) International Code of Botanical Nomenclature adopted by the Thirteenth International Botanical Congress, Sydney, Australia, August 1981. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema Utrecht / Antwerp, and dr. W. Junk, The Hague/Boston, [Regnum vegetabile 111], 472 pp.
  90. Wickens, G.E. (1982) Miscellaneous notes on Crassula, Bryophyllum and Kalanchoe. Studies in the Crassulaceae for the ‘Flora of Tropical East Africa’: III. Kew Bulletin 36 (4): 665–674. https://doi.org/10.2307/4117906
  91. Wiersema, J.H., Turland, N.J., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018+ [continuously updated]) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017: Appendices I–VII. Available online at: https://naturalhistory2.si.edu/botany/codes-proposals/ (accessed: 17 May 2023).
  92. Wight, R. & Walker-Arnot, G.A. (1834) Prodromus floræ peninsulæ indiæ orientalis : containing abridged descriptions of the plants found in the Peninsula of British India, arranged according to the natural system. Vol. I. Parbury, Allen, & Co., London, 480 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.252
  93. Wittstein, G.C. (1856) Etymologisch-botanisches Handwörterbuch: enthaltend die genaue Ableitung und Erklärung der Namen sämmtlicher botanischen Gattungen, Untergattungen und ihrer Synonyme. J.J. Palm und Ernst Enke, Erlangen, 952 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60444