Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 619 No. 1: 5 Oct. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-10-05
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.619.1.1
Page range: 1-38
Abstract views: 128
PDF downloaded: 16

A review of the infrageneric classifications proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) from the earliest times up to 2000

Ria Olivier Herbarium; Department of Botany; Nelson Mandela University; P.O. Box 77000; Gqeberha; 6031 South Africa
Eudicots section subgenus subsection taxonomic history

Abstract

The infrageneric classifications, especially at the ranks of subgenus, section, and subsection proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) from the early 1800s up to the end of the 20th century, are analysed. The pertinent works of especially Haworth (1820s); Baillon (1880s); Raymond-Hamet, Koorders, and Berger (all three from the early 1900s to 1930s); Boiteau and as elaborated on by Boiteau and Mannoni (1940s); Raymond-Hamet and Marnier-Lapostolle (1960s); Maire (1970s); and Boiteau and Allorge-Boiteau (1990s) are assessed to clarify the use of infrageneric ranks by these authors. From this analysis of the infrageneric classification of Kalanchoe during a period of about 250 years, it is evident that, with the exception of: (1) one validly published unranked name published by Baillon in 1885; (2) one subgenus name validly published by Koorders in 1919; (3) several unranked names validly published by Alwin Berger in 1930; and (3) two new combinatons validly published by Boiteau in 1947 at the rank of section and two new combinatons validly published by Boiteau in 1947 at the rank of subsection, all other such designations that were proposed between 1 January 1935 and 1 January 1953 were not validly published. The dates 1 January 1935 (Art. 39.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants [ICN], Latin requirement) and 1 January 1953 (aspects of Articles 35 and 41 of the ICN, on new combinations, names at new ranks, and replacement names) are significant in determining the valid publication of historically proposed new names and new combinations. Furthermore, all the names proposed for infrageneric groups in Kalanchoe that postdate 1 January 1953, and up to 2000, the cutoff date used in this paper, were not validly published (aspects of Art. 41 of the ICN, on new combinations, names at new ranks, and replacement names) or were proposed informally only and not intended for valid publication. Note, especially, that neither of the two infrageneric designations proposed in 1916 and 1933, respectively, by Raymond-Hamet, the undisputed authority on Kalanchoe during the 20th century, were validly published.

 

References

  1. Adanson, M. (1763 [July–August]) Familles des plantes. Contenant une Préface Historike sur l’état ancien & actuel de la Botanike, & une Téorie de cette Science. II. Partie. Chez Vincent, Imprimeur-Libraire de Mgr le Comte de Provence, rue S, Severin, Paris, 640 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/6958#page/794/mode/1up]
  2. Allorge-Boiteau, L. (1995 [Mai]) Les Kalanchoe arborescents du sud de Madagascar. Succulentes 1995 (2) [18ème]: 8–17.
  3. Andrews, H.[C.] (1798 [Jan.–Dec.] [1797–1815]) The botanist’s repository, for new, and rare plants. Containing coloured figures of such plants, as have not hitherto appeared in any similar publication; with all their essential characters, botanically arranged, after the sexual system of the celebrated Linnaeus; in English and Latin. To each description is added, a short history of the plant, as to its time of flowering, culture, native place of growth, when introduced, and by whom. The whole executed by Henry Andrews, author of the coloured engravings of heaths, in folio. [Vereia Andrews treated in Vol. 1: t. 21 (1798).] Printed by T. Bensley, and published by the author, No 5, Knightsbridge. To be had of J. White, Fleet-street, and all the Booksellers, London, 42 plates; pages not numbered. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111072#page/94/mode/1up]
  4. Andrews, H.[C.] (1809 [before May] [1797–1815]) The botanist’s repository, for new, and rare plants. Containing coloured figures of such plants, as have not hitherto appeared in any similar publication; with all their essential characters, botanically arranged, after the sexual system of the celebrated Linnaeus; in English and Latin. To each description is added, a short history of the plant, as to its time of flowering, culture, native place of growth, when introduced, and by whom. The whole executed by Henry Andrews, author of the coloured engravings of heaths, in folio. [Vereia acutiflora Andrews treated in Vol. 9 (112–116): t. 560 (1809); plate itself, but not the text, apparently in error numbered “561”.] Printed by T. Bensley, and published by the author, No 5, Knightsbridge. To be had of J. White, Fleet-street, and all the Booksellers, London, plates DLIII–DCVIII; pages not numbered. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34982202#page/16/mode/1up]
  5. Baillon, H.E. (1885 [séance du 18 février]) Liste des plantes de Madagascar (suite de la page 464). [Kalanchoe § Kitchingia]. Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Paris (Paris) 1 (59): 465–472. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41447#page/60/mode/1up]
  6. Baillon, M.H. (1888) Kalanchoe grandidieri, Plate 57 [of Plates 51–88]. In: A. Grandidier, Histoire physique, naturelle et politique Madagascar publiée par Alfred Grandidier. Vol. XXX. Histoire naturelle des plantes par M. E. Drake del Castillo. Tome II—Texte—1, partie. 50 Fascicule. Imprimé par Autorisation de M. Le Garde des Sceaux. À l’Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 130 plates. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41106#page/71/mode/1up]
  7. Baker, J.G. (1881 [21 February]) Notes on a collection of flowering plants made by L. Kitching, Esq., in Madagascar in 1879 (Plates VII. & VIII.). Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 18: 264–281. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8373#page/271/mode/1up]
  8. Baker, J.G. (1882) Contributions to the flora of central Madagascar (to be continued). Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. London 20: 109–114. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35873#page/125/mode/1up]
  9. Baker, J.G. (1883 [1884; published 24 March 1883]) Contributions to the flora of Madagascar.—Part I. Polypetalæ [Plates XXII & XXIII]. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany (London) 20: 87–158. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8375#page/94/mode/1up]
  10. Baker, J.G. (1884 [1886; published 12 December 1884]) Further contributions to the flora of central Madagascar. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany (London) 21: 317–353. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8376#page/325/mode/1up]
  11. Baker, J.G. (1887) Further contributions to the flora of Madagascar. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany (London) 22: 441–537. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8378#page/448/mode/1up]
  12. Baker, J.G. (1890 [28 January]) Further contributions to the flora of Madagascar. Plate L.–LIII. [Bryophyllum rubellum, n. sp. on p. 314.] Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany XXV: 294–350. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8381#page/350/mode/1up]
  13. Baker, J.G. (1892 [10 September]) New or noteworthy plants. Kalanchoe marmorata, Baker, n. sp. The Gardeners’ Chronicle. [A weekly illustrated journal of Horticulture and Allied Subjects], 3rd series, XII (No. 298) 300. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83803#page/316/mode/1up]
  14. Baker, J.G. (1895) CCCCLXXV.—Diagnoses africanæ, VII. (continued from p. 153) [Kalanchoe somaliensis Baker on p. 214]. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. Kew 1895: 211–230. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127378#page/215/mode/1up]
  15. Balfour, I.B. filius (1882) 4. Diagnoses Plantarum novarum et imperfecte descriptarum Phanerogamarum Socotrensium ; quas elaboravit Bayley Balfour, Scientiae Doctor et in Universitate Glascuensi rerum botanicarum regius professor. Pars Prima. [49. Kalanchoe farinacea Balf.f., 50. K. robusta Balf.f; and 51. K. abrupta Balf.f, on p. 512]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 11 (110): 498–514. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/191353#page/534/mode/1up]
  16. Balfour, I.B. filius (1888) Botany of Socotra. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 31: 1–446. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800026892
  17. Bandeira, S., Bolnick, D. & Barbosa, F. (2007) Flores nativas do Sul de Moçambique / Wild flowers of southern Mozambique. Herbário, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique, 258 pp.
  18. Berger, A. (1903) Kalanchoe elizae sp. nov. Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde (Berlin) 13: 69–70. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14068116#page/79/mode/1up]
  19. Berger, A. (1930 [Mai]) Crassulaceae. Unterfam. II. Kalanchoideae [sic; Kalanchooideae]. 6. Kalanchoe Adanson. 7. Kitchingia Baker. 8. Bryophyllum Salisb. In: A. Engler & K. Prantl (Eds.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. edn 2, 18a. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 378–386, 402–412.
  20. Blanco, F.M. (1845) Flora de Filipinas, segun el sistema sexual de Linneo: [...] segunda impresion, corregida y aumentada por el mismo autor. D. Miguel Sanchez, Manila, 619 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48447
  21. Boiteau, P. (1947 [novembre–décembre]). Les plantes grasses de Madagascar. [Overview of sections in Kalanchoe.] Cactus (Paris) 1947 (12): 5–10, figures 1–4.
  22. Boiteau, P. & Allorge-Boiteau, L. (1995) Kalanchoe (Crassulacées) de Madagascar. Systématique, écophysiologie et phytochimie. ICSN, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, Éditions Karthala, Paris, 252 pp.
  23. Boiteau, P. & Mannoni, O. (1948a [janvier–février]) Les Kalanchoe (suite). Section I. Kitchingia. [§ 1. Sylvaticae and § 2. Campanulatae.] (à suivre). Cactus (Paris) 1948 (13): 7–10, figures 1–6.
  24. Boiteau, P. & Mannoni, O. (1948b [mars–juin]) Les Kalanchoe (suite). Section II. Bryophyllum. [§ 3. Centrales; Kalanchoe pseudocampanulata Mannoni & Boiteau; K. rolandi-bonapartei Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier; K. pubescens Baker] (à suivre). Cactus (Paris) 1948 (14): 23–28, six unnumbered figures.
  25. Boiteau, P. & Mannoni, O. (1948c [juillet–septembre]) Les Kalanchoe (suite). [§ 3. Centrales (continued); Kalanchoe miniata Hils. & Bojer ex Tul.; Kalanchoe manginii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier; Kalanchoe jongmansii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier; Kalanchoe bergeri Raym.-Hamet]. Cactus (Paris) 1948 (15–16): 37–42, five unnumbered figures.
  26. Boiteau, P. & Mannoni, O. (1948d [octobre–décembre]) Les Kalanchoe (suite). [§ 4. Epidendrae; Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Baker) Baill. and Kalanchoe uniflora Raym.-Hamet (in the key).] (à suivre). Cactus (Paris) 1948 (17–18): 57–58, two unnumbered figures.
  27. Boiteau, P. & Mannoni, O. (1949a [janvier–mars]) Les Kalanchoe (suite). [Kalanchoe uniflora Raym.-Hamet; § 5. Scandentes; § (unnumbered) Bulbilliferae.] (à suivre). Cactus (Paris) 1949 (19): 9–14, seven unnumbered figures.
  28. Boiteau, P. & Mannoni, O. (1949b [avril–juin]) Les Kalanchoe (suite). [Kalanchoe tubiflora (Harv.) Raym.-Hamet (suite); Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier.] (à suivre). Cactus (Paris) 1949 (20): 43–46, five unnumbered figures.
  29. Boiteau, P. & Mannoni, O. (1949c [juillet–septembre]) Les Kalanchoe (suite). [§ 7. Suffrutescentes.] (à suivre). Cactus (Paris) 1949 (21): 69–76, six unnumbered figures. [https://www.cactuspro.com/biblio_fichiers/pdf/Cactus_Paris/Cactus_Paris-1949-21.pdf]
  30. Boiteau, P. & Mannoni, O. (1949d [octobre–décembre]) Les Kalanchoe (suite). [§ 8. Streptanthae.] (à suivre). Cactus (Paris) 1949 (22): 113–114, two unnumbered figures.
  31. Britten, J. (1871) Order L. Crassulaceae. In: Oliver, D. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa (Leguminosae to Ficoideae) 2. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 385–401. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60248#page/397/mode/1up]
  32. Brummitt, R.K. & Powell, C.E. (1992) Authors of plant names. A list of authors of scientific names of plants, with recommended standard forms of their names, including abbreviations. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 732 pp.
  33. Byalt, V.V. (2008) New combinations in the genera Bryophyllum and Kalanchoë (Crassulaceae). Botanicheskii Zhurnal 93 (3): 461–465. (In Russian).
  34. Candolle, A.P. de. (1801 [25 April]) Plantarum historia succulentarum. Histoire des plantes grasses. [Vol. 2] Part 11. A.J. Dugour & Durand, Paris, 121 pp. & 49 plates. [Plantes grasses de P.J. Redouté peintre du Muséum National D’histoire naturelle, Décrites par A.P. Decandolle, Membre de la Société des Sciences Naturelles Genève, etc. Livraison. Prix, 3o francs la Livraison.—Il en paraîtra une aque mois. A. Paris, Chez Garnery, Libraire, rue de Seine, ancien Hôtel Mirabeau, Ant. Aug. Renouard, Libraire, rue S. André-des-Arcs, n°. 42. A Paris et à Strasbourg, chez les frères Levrault, Libraires. AN X. Plate 64. Kalanchoe ægyptiaca]. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9909#page/68/mode/1up]
  35. Candolle, A.P. de. (1802 [June–July]) Plantarum historia succulentarum. Histoire des plantes grasses. [Vol. 2] Part 17. A.J. Dugour & Durand, Paris, 121 pp. & 49 plates. [Plantes grasses de P.J. Redouté peintre du Muséum National D’histoire naturelle, Décrites par A.P. Decandolle, Membre de la Société des Sciences Naturelles Genève, etc. Livraison. Prix, 3o francs la Livraison.—Il en paraîtra une aque mois. A. Paris, Chez Garnery, Libraire, rue de Seine, ancien Hôtel Mirabeau, Ant. Aug. Renouard, Libraire, rue S. André-des-Arcs, n°. 42. A Paris et à Strasbourg, chez les frères Levrault, Libraires. AN X. Plate 100. Kalanchoe laciniata]. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9909#page/222/mode/1up]
  36. De Léon, S.G., Herrera, I. & Guevara, R. (2016) Mating system, population growth, and management scenario for Kalanchoe pinnata in an invaded seasonally dry tropical forest. Ecology and Evolution 6: 4541–4550. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2219
  37. Deflers, A. (1894 [1893]) Note sur un Kalanchoe remarquable de l’Arabie tropicale. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 40: 298–301, Planche III–V. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8662#page/311/mode/1up]
  38. Demoly, J.-P. (1999 [June]) “Les Cèdres” an exceptional botanical garden. Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat. Franklin Picard Editions, Paris, 304 pp.
  39. Descoings, B. (1997) Note sur quelques espèces nouvelles de Kalanchoe de Madagascar. Journal de Botanique de la Société de Botanique de France 4: 79–89, plates 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3406/jobot.1997.1692
  40. Descoings, B. (2003) Kalanchoe. In: Eggli, U. (Ed.) Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Crassulaceae. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 143–181.
  41. Descoings, B. (2004a) Kalanchoe tenuiflora, Crassulacée nouvelle de Madagascar. Acta Botanica Gallica; Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 151 (2): 233–237, 1 figure. https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2004.10516038
  42. Descoings, B. (2004b) Kalanchoe antennifera, Crassulacée africaine nouvelle. Acta Botanica Gallica: Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 151 (4): 441–444. https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2004.10515446
  43. Descoings, B. (2005a) Crassulaceae madecassae novae. Société botanique de l’Ardèche (Ed.) Aubenas, 36 pp.
  44. Descoings, B. (2005b) Sur quelques Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) hybrides de Madagascar. Journal de Botanique de la Société de Botanique de France 30: 3–18. https://doi.org/10.3406/jobot.2005.1998
  45. Descoings, B. (2006a) Le genre Kalanchoe structure et définition. Journal de Botanique de la Société Botanique de France 33: 3–28. https://doi.org/10.3406/jobot.2006.2006
  46. Descoings, B. (2006b) Kalanchoe rebmannii, Crassulacée nouvelle de Madagascar. Journal de Botanique de la Société de Botanique de France 33: 29–32. https://doi.org/10.3406/jobot.2006.2007
  47. Descoings, B. (2007) Une nouvelle définition du genre Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae). Succulentes (France) 2007/2: 7–16. [https://www.cactuspro.com/biblio/fr:succulentes]
  48. Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. [avec la collaboration de M. Fischer, J. Orso, & D. Jeanmonod]. (2011 [juin]) Index synonymique de la flore d’Afrique du Nord. Volume 3: Dicotyledoneae: Balsaminaceae—Euphorbiaceae. [Un inventaire critique et bibliographique de la Flore vasculaire d’Afrique du Nord. Publication hors-série no 11b]. Ville de Genève, Éditions des Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Chambesy, Genève, 449 pp.
  49. Dorr, L.J. (1997) Plant collectors in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. A biographical and bibliographical guide to individuals and groups who have collected herbarium material of algae, bryophytes, fungi, lichens, and vascular plants in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. The Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 524 pp.
  50. Dorr, L.J. (1998) Taxonomy and economic botany of Malagasy plants: two books by a father-daughter team. Including a review of: “Boiteau, Pierre & Allorge-Boiteau, Lucile. Kalanchoe (Crassulacées) de Madagascar. Systématique, écophysiologie et phytochimie. ICSN, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, Éditions Karthala, Paris. 22–24, bd. Arago, 75013 Paris, France, in assoc. ACCT and ICSN, 1995, 252 pp., ISBN 2-86537-595-1”. Taxon 47 (1): 231–233. https://doi.org/10.2307/1224079
  51. Drake del Castillo, E. (1903) Note sur les plantes recueillies par M. Guillaume Grandidier, dans le Sud de Madagascar, en 1898 et 1901. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris 9: 35–46. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5024572#page/47/mode/1up]
  52. Ecklon, C.F. & Zeyher, C.[K.]L.P. (1837 [April]) Enumeratio plantarum Africae australis extratropicae quae collectae, determinatae et expositae a Christiano Friederico Ecklon & Carolo Zeyher. Pars III. Sumtibus auctorum. Prostat apud Perthes & Besser, Hamburgi, pp. 289–400, index pages not numbered. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48
  53. Engler, A. & Diels, L. (1907) Beiträge zur Flora von Afrika. XXX. Crassulaceae africanae. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 39 (3–4): 462–468. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137011#page/484/mode/1up]
  54. Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2017) (56) Request for a binding decision on the descriptive statement associated with Kalanchoe delagoensis (Crassulaceae). Taxon 66 (3): 771–771. https://doi.org/10.12705/663.37
  55. Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2018) Typification of the name Bryophyllum proliferum Bowie ex Hook., basionym of Kalanchoe prolifera (Bowie ex Hook.) Raym.-Hamet (Crassulaceae). Bradleya 36: 22–24. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a3
  56. Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2020) Friedrich Welwitsch and his overlooked contributions to the Flora of Tropical Africa, with a discussion of the names of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) that should be ascribed to Welwitsch alone. Phytotaxa 458 (1): 83–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.458.1.5
  57. Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2022) Notes on the itinerary, fleet, and collectors of botanical specimens during the 1822–1826 expedition of William Fitz William Owen to South and East Africa, and beyond. Phytotaxa 568 (2): 170–190. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.568.2.3
  58. Figueiredo, E., Smith, G.F. & Dressler, S. (2020) The botanical exploration of Angola by Germans during the 19th and 20th centuries, with biographical sketches and notes on collections and herbaria. Blumea 65: 126–161. https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2020.65.02.06
  59. Font Quer, P. (1935) De flora occidentale adnotationes XIII. [185. Kalanchoe faustii, nova sp. on pp. 149–150] Cavanillesia VII: 149–150. [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/10206/?offset=#page=153&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=]
  60. Forsskål, P. (1775) Flora Ægyptiaco-Arabica. Sive descriptiones plantarum, Quas per Ægyptum inferiorem et Arabiam felicem detexit […]. Ex officina Mölleri, aulæ Typographi. Prostat apud Heineck et Faber, Hauniæ, 220 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29348#page/257/mode/1up]
  61. Garcês, H.M.P., Champagne, C.E.M., Townsley, B.T., Park, S., Malhó, R., Pedroso, M.C., Harada, J.J. & Sinha, N.R. (2007) Evolution of asexual reproduction in leaves of the genus Kalanchoë. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 (39): 15578–15583. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704105104
  62. Garcês, H.M.P., Koenig, D., Townsley, B.T., Kim, M. & Sinha, N.R. (2014) Truncation of LEAFY COTYLEDON1 protein is required for asexual reproduction in Kalanchoe diagremontiana. Plant Physiology 165 (1): 196–206. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.237222
  63. Garcês, H.M.P. & Sinha, N.R. (2009) The ‘Mother of Thousands’ (Kalanchoë daigremontiana): a plant model for asexual reproduction and CAM studies. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 10: pdb.emo133. https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.emo133
  64. Guillaumin, A. (1939) Plantes nouvelles, rares ou critiques des Serres du Muséum. 99. Kalanchoe humbertii Guillaum. sp. nov. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 2e Sér., XI: 337. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/217367#page/349/mode/1up]
  65. Guillaumin, A. & Humbert, J.-H. (1941) Plantes nouvelles, rares ou critiques des serres du muséum. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris sér. 2, 13: 318–319. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/252663#page/336/mode/1up]
  66. Guerra-García, A., Golubov, J. & Mandujano, M.C. (2015) Invasion of Kalanchoe by clonal spread. Biological Invasions 17: 1615–1622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0820-0
  67. Hamet, R. (1906 [Janvier–Mars) Note sur une nouvelle espèce de Kalanchoe [Kalanchoe vantieghemii, as ‘Van Tieghemi’]. Journal de Botanique [Morot] XX [20e [année] (No 1–3)]: 109–111. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22106#page/113/mode/1up]
  68. Hamet, R. (1907a) Monographie du genre Kalanchoe. Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier sér. 2, 7: 869–900. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105267#page/939/mode/1up]
  69. Hamet, R. (1907b [Mars]) Note sur deux Kalanchoe malgaches. [Kalanchoe grandidieri Baill. and K. bonnieri Raym.-Hamet]. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France [Tome Cinquante-Quatrième], Quatrième serie—Tome VII) 54: 138–139. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8676#page/178/mode/1up]
  70. Hamet, R. (1908a) Monographie du genre Kalanchoe (Suite et fin.). Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier sér. 2, 8: 17–48. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104945#page/31/mode/1up]
  71. Hamet, R. (1908b) Kalanchoe luciae sp. nov. Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier sér. 2, 8: 254–257. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104945#page/290/mode/1up]
  72. Hamet, R. (1910a [Janvier]) Sur quelques Kalanchoe peu connus. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France [Tome Cinquante-Septième], Quatrième serie—Tome X, Quatrième series 57: 18–24. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8679#page/56/mode/1up]
  73. Hamet, R. (1910b [Janvier]) Sur quelques Kalanchoe peu connus (Suite). Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France [Tome Cinquante-Septième], Quatrième serie—Tome X, Quatrième series 57: 49–54. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8679#page/87/mode/1up]
  74. Hamet, R. (1910c [d’Avril]) Kalanchoe aliciae sp. nova et K. beharensis Drake del Castillo. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France [Tome Cinquante-Septième], Quatrième serie—Tome X, 57: 191–194. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8679#page/241/mode/1up]
  75. Hamet, R. (1912a) Observations sur le Kalanchoe tubiflora nom. nov. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt 29: 41–44. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4986270#page/523/mode/1up]
  76. Hamet, R. (1912b) Sur un nouveau Kalanchoe de la baie de Delagoa [Kalanchoe leblanciae]. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 11 (16–20): 292–294. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19120111612
  77. Hamet, R. (1912c) Sur les Kalanchoe synsepala et K. trichantha. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 59 (5): 435–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1912.10832447
  78. Hamet, R. (1913a) IX. Zwei neue afrikanische Kalanchoë. Beschrieben von Raymond Hamet. [Kalanchoe usambarensis Engl. & Raym.-Hamet and K. mitejea Leblanc & Raym.-Hamet; paper mostly in French, despite German title.] Notizblatt des Königlichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin (—Dahlem). Leipzig, Berlin 5: 302–307. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91411#page/366/mode/1up]
  79. Hamet, R. (1913b [31 December]) Sur un Kalanchoe nouveau de l’Herbier de Stockholm. Arkiv för Botanik 13 (11): 1–5; avec Planche 1. [Kalanchoe lindmanii Raym.-Hamet]. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91462#page/735/mode/1up]
  80. Hamet, R. & Perrier de la Bâthie, J.M.H.A. (1912) Contribution à l’étude des Crassulacées malgaches. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique sér. 9, 16: 361–377. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24564#page/771/mode/1up]
  81. Harvey, W.H. (1862) Order LIII. Crassulaceae, D.C. VIII. Kalanchoe, Adans. In: Harvey, W.H. & Sonder, O.W. (Eds.) Flora capensis [being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal]. Vol. 2. L. Reeve & Co., Ltd, Kent, pp. 378–380. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/15233#page/386/mode/1up]
  82. Haworth, A.H. (1812) Synopsis plantarum succulentarum, cum descriptionibus, synonymis, locis; observationibus anglicanis, culturaque. [Kalenchoe, sic. Kalanchoe, on pp. 109–110; Bryophyllum on p. 110.] Typis Richardi Taylor et Socii, Shoe-Lane, Londoni, 334 pp.; including ‘Appendix’. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38208#page/118/mode/1up]
  83. Haworth, A.H. (1821) Saxifragëarum enumeratio. [Accedunt] Revisiones plantarum succulentarum. [Kalenchöe, sic. Kalanchoe on pp. 23–24.] In Ædibus R. et A. Taylor, Londoni, 207 pp.; ‘Errata’ page not numbered. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39782#page/105/mode/1up]
  84. Haworth, A.H. (1824 [September]) XXXI. Decas novarum Plantarum Succulentarum. (“Mr Haworth’s Decade of new Succulent Plants.”). The Philosophical Magazine and Journal[: comprehending various branches of science, the liberal and fine arts, agriculture, manufactures, and commerce] 64: 184–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786442408644582
  85. Haworth, A.H. (1825 [06 July]) III. Decas quarta novarum Plantarum Succulentarum (“Mr Haworth’s Fourth Decade of new Succulent Plants.”). The Philosophical Magazine and Journal[: comprehending various branches of science, the liberal and fine arts, agriculture, manufactures, and commerce] 66: 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786442508673917
  86. Haworth, A.H. (1829 [October]) XLVII. A new account of the genus Kalanchöe. The Philosophical Magazine and Annals 6 (XXXIV): 301–305. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53114#page/315/mode/1up]
  87. Herrando-Moraira, S., Vitales, D., Nualart, N., Gómez-Bellver, C., Ibáñez, N., Massó, S., Cachón-Ferrero, P., González-Gutiérrez, P.A., Guillot, D., Herrera, I., Shaw, D., Stinca, A., Wang, Z. & López-Pujol, J. (2020 [21 February]) Global distribution patterns and niche modelling of the invasive Kalanchoe ×houghtonii (Crassulaceae). Scientific Reports [natureresearch] 10 (1): 3143 [18 pp.]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60079-2
  88. Herrera, I., Hernandez, M.-J., Lampo, M. & Nassar, J.M. (2012) Plantlet recruitment is the key demographic transition in invasion by Kalanchoe daigremontiana. Population Ecology 54 (1): 225–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-011-0282-5
  89. Hooker, J.D. (1901 [March]) Kalanchoe bentii. Native of Southern Arabia. Nat. Ord. Crassulaceæ. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine[, comprising the plants of the Royal Gardens of Kew, and of other botanical establishments in Great Britain ; with suitable descriptions;] 3rd ser., LVII (or Vol. CXXVII of the whole work [No. 675 or No. 1369 of the entire work]): t. 7765. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14255#page/55/mode/1up]
  90. Hooker, W.J. (1859) Bryophyllum proliferum. Proliferous Bryophyllum. Nat. Ord. Crassulaceae.—Octandria Monogynia. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 85: Tab. 5147. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14225#page/175/mode/1up]
  91. Humbert, J.-H. (1933) Kalanchoe (Crassulacées) nouveux ou peu connus de Madagascar. [Kalanchoe arborescens Humbert on p. 163, K. ambolensis Humbert on p. 164, and K. brevisepala on p. 167.] Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris sér. 2, 5 (2): 163–170. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213935#page/175/mode/1up]
  92. Humbert, J.-H. (1939 [avril]) Contributions a l’étude de la flore de Madagascar et des Comores (Fascicule I). [Kalanchoe mandrarensis Humbert on p. 4.] Notulae Systematicae. Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle [Phanerogamie] 8 (1): 3–24. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6525341#page/4/mode/1up]
  93. IPNI. (2022+) The International Plant Names Index. Available from: https://www.ipni.org/ (continuously updated; accessed 2022).
  94. Jacobsen, H. (1977) Lexicon of succulent plants. Short descriptions, habitats and synonymy of succulent plants other than Cactaceae. 2nd edition, revised and enlarged. [Kalanchoe on pp. 281–291.] Blandford Press, Poole, Dorset, 682 pp.
  95. Jacobsen, H. (1986) A handbook of succulent plants. Descriptions, synonyms and cultural details for succulents other than Cactaceae. Volume II. Ficus to Zygophyllum. [Kalanchoe on pp. 603–633.] Blandford Press, Poole, Dorset, pp. 465–864 of 1380.
  96. Koorders, S.H. (1919 [Mai] [24 October 1918]) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Flora von Java No. 18. Beschreibung von Kalanchoë Schumacheri vom Idjen-Plateau und Revision der Crassulaceae von Java. (Mit 2 lithographischen Tafeln.). Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 1 (3): 169–180, Figures 14 and 15. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/205/mode/1up (text); https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/243/mode/1up (figures)]
  97. Kuligowska Mackenzie, K., Lütken, H., Lopes Coelho, L., Dibbern Kaaber, M., Nymark Hegelund, J. & Müller, R. (2018) Chapter 19. Kalanchoë. In: van Huylenbroeck, J. (Ed.) Handbook of Plant Breeding. Vol. 11. Ornamental crops. [Editors-in-Chief, I. Rajcan & J. Vollman.] Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 453–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90698-0_19
  98. Lamarck, J. (1786 [16 October 1786]) Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique 2 (1). Panckoucke, Paris & Plomteux, Liège, 774 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.824
  99. Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Vol. 1. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp. [Cotyledon L., nom. cons., treated on pp. 429–430]. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13829#page/441/mode/1up]
  100. Linnaeus, C. [filius] (1782 [“1781”, published in April 1782]) Supplementum plantarum systematis vegetabilium editionis decimae tertiae, generum plantarum editiones sextae, et specierum plantarum editionis secundae. Editum a Carolo a Linné. Impensis Orphanotrophei, Brunsvigae [Braunschweig]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.555
  101. Maire, R. (1977) Kalanchoe Adanson (1763) Rosales: Crassulaceae. In: Quézel, P.[A.] Flore de l’Afrique de Nord (Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Tripolitaine, Cyrénaïque et Sahara). Vol. XIV. Rhoeadales: Cruciferae fin Resedaceae. Sarraceniales: Droseraceae. Rosales: Crassulaceae. Éditions Paul Lechevalier éditeur S.A.R.L., 19, rue Augereau, 19, Paris, pp. 239–241, 251–252, 263. [https://archive.org/details/flore-afrique-du-nord/Vol%2014%20Flore%20de%20l%27Afrique%20Du%20Nord%20Maroc%20Algerie%20Tunisie%20Tripolitaine%20Cyrenaique%20Et%20Sahara%20R-Maire-1977/page/n119/mode/2up]
  102. Mannoni, O. & Boiteau, P. (1947 [Juine]) Quatre Kalanchoe nouveaux de Madagascar. Notulae Systematicae. Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle [Phanerogamie] [Tome XIII] 13 (1 & 2): 149–154. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7377#page/431/mode/1up]
  103. Ohba, H. (2003 [October]) Taxonomic studies on the Asian species of the genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) 1. Kalanchoe spathulata and its allied species. Journal of Japanese Botany. [Shokubutsu Kenkyu Zasshi], Tokyo 78 (5): 247–256.
  104. Oken, L. (1841) Allgemeine Naturgeschichte fur alle Stande, von Professor Oken. Vol. 3 (3). Hoffmann’sche Verlags-Buchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 1459–2142; Index (“Register”): pp. 1–44. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180203#page/524/mode/1up]
  105. Perrier de la Bâthie, [J.M.]H.[A.] (1923) Crassulacées malgache nouvelles. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle 1923[xxix](6): 452–455. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/213221#page/496/mode/1up]
  106. Perrier de la Bâthie, [J.M.]H.[A.] (1924 [1922–1923]) Les Crassulacées Malgaches. [Observations sur quelques espèces du genre Kalanchoe, pp. 21–24; Crassulacées Malgaches nouvelles, pp. 24–26; Stations et distribution géographique, pp. 26–28; Synopsis des Crassulacées Malgaches pp. 29–36.] Bulletin de l’Académie Malgache [Nouvelle série Tome VI] 6: 21–36. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50784#page/80/mode/1up]
  107. Perrier de la Bâthie, [J.M.]H.[A.] (1928 [Février]) Observations nouvelles sur le genre Kalanchoe. Archives de Botanique II, Bulletin Mensuel, Caen 2 (2): 17–31.
  108. Persoon, C.H. (1805 [1 April–15 June]) Synopsis plantarum, seu enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitorum. Pars prima. Apud Carol. Frid. Cramerum, Parisiis Lutetiorum [Paris] et apud J.G. Cottam, Tubingæ [London], pp. 445–446; whole work 546 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.638
  109. Pickering, H. & Darbyshire, I. (2015) Crassulaceae. Bryophyllum and Kalanchoe. In: Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R., & Pickering, H. (Eds. & Comps.) The plants of Sudan and South Sudan. An annotated checklist. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, pp. 155–156 [whole work 400 pp].
  110. Rauh, W. (1985) Erstbeschreibung. Kalanchoe dinklagei Rauh. Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 36 (7): 146–150.
  111. Rauh, W. (1993 [September]) Kalanchoe bogneri Rauh ein bemerkenswerter Neufund aus Westmadagaskar. Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 44 (9): 181–185.
  112. Rauh, W. (1995) Quelques espèces intéressantes de Kalanchoe Adanson de Madagascar. Les Kalanchoe grimplants (à suivre). Succulentes 1995 (1): 11–18.
  113. Raymond-Hamet. (1912) II. Sur un Kalanchoe nouveau de l’herbier Delessert [Kalanchoe briquetii Raym.-Hamet]. Annuaire du Conservatoire & du Jardin Botaniques de Genève 15 & 16 (1911 et 1912): 141–144. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/121194#page/155/mode/1up]
  114. Raymond-Hamet. (1916a) Sur un groupe de transition reliant le genre Kalanchoe au genre Cotyledon. Revue Génerale de Botanique, Paris XXVIII: 80–84. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45180#page/83/mode/1up]
  115. Raymond-Hamet. (1916b) Sur quelques Crassulacées nouvelles. Journal of Botany. British and Foreign 54, supplement 1: 1–33, with foldout. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36212#page/403/mode/1up]
  116. Raymond-Hamet. (1933) Observations sur le Kalanchoe uniflora (Stapf) Raymond-Hamet. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 80 (4): 542–548. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1933.10833878
  117. Raymond-Hamet. (1948) Sur un nouveau Kalanchoe malgache: le Kalanchoe Mortagei. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 95 (3–4): 118–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1948.10834672
  118. Raymond-Hamet. (1954a [juillet–août–septembre]) Sur un Kalanchoe Malgache dont les fleurs étaient encore inconnues. [Kalanchoe rhombopilosa Mannoni & Boiteau.] Journal d’Agriculture Traditionnelle et de Botanique Appliquée 1 (7–9): 281–292. https://doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1954.2160
  119. Raymond-Hamet. (1954b [décembre]) Sur le Kalanchoe rhombopilosa Mannoni et Boiteau. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l’État a Bruxelles 24 (4): 329–333. https://doi.org/10.2307/3667043
  120. Raymond-Hamet & Marnier-Lapostolle, J. (1964) Le genre Kalanchoe au Jardin Botanique “Les Cèdres”. Archives du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Septième Série, Tome VIII: 1–110; Plates I–XXXVII. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/280857#page/21/mode/1up]
  121. Raymond-Hamet & Perrier de la Bâthie, [J.M.]H.[A.] (1913) Sur un nouveau Kalanchoe malgasche [Kalanchoe poincarei Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier]. Bulletin de Géographie Botanique: Organe Mensuel de l’Académie Internationale de Botanique [22e Année (4e Sér.) N° 287–288–289 Oct.–Nov.–Déc. 1913] 23: 148–151. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3417495#page/168/mode/1up]
  122. Raymond-Hamet & Perrier de la Bâthie, [J.M.]H.[A.] (1914) Nouvelle contribution à l’étude des Crassulacées malgaches. Annales du Musée Colonial de Marseille, sér. 3, 2: 113–207. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23004#page/551/mode/1up]
  123. Raymond-Hamet & Perrier de la Bâthie, [J.M.]H.[A.] (1915) Troisième contribution a l’étude des Crassulacées Malgaches. Annales du Musée Colonial de Marseille, sér. 3, 3: 63–117. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22992#page/85/mode/1up]
  124. Richard, A. (1848 [26 February]) Tentamen Floræ Abyssinicæ seu Enumeratio Plantarum hucusque in plerisque Abyssiniæ provinciis detectarum et præcipue a beatis doctoribus Richard Quartin Dillon et Antonio Petit (annis 1838–1843) lectarum. Vol. 1. Apud Arthus Bertrand, Editorem, Parisiis, 472 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.334
  125. Salisbury, R.A. (1805 [1 June 1805]) The Paradisus Londinensis: or coloured figures of plants cultivated in the vicinity of the metropolis 1. William Hooker, No. 6, Frith Street, city not stated, presumably London, 157 pp. & 117 plates. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53520
  126. Schlechter, R. (1897) Decades plantarum novarum Austro-Africanarum. [“43. Kalanchoe pentheri, sp. n.” on pp. 341–342.] The Journal of Botany 35: 340–345. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35917#page/364/mode/1up]
  127. Schweinfurth, G.A. (1896 [Janvier]) 543. Calanchoe [sic, Kalanchoe] citrina Schwf. n. sp. In: Sammlung arabisch-æthiopischer Pflanzen. Ergebnisse von Reisen den Jahren 1881, 88, 89, 91, 92, und 94. [Kalanchoe citrina Schweinf. described on pp. 199–200.] Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 4 (Appendix No II): 115–266. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104951#page/1075/mode/1up]
  128. Scott Elliot, G.F. (1891 [22 August]) New and little known Madagascar plants, collected and enumerated by G.F. Scott Elliot, M.A., B.Sc. F.L.S. The Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany XXIX(197): 1–67, with Plates I–XII. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8386#page/9/mode/1up]
  129. Shtein, R. & Smith, G.F. (2021) A revision of the climbing kalanchoes (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Madagascar including the description of Kalanchoe sect. Invasores and K. ser. Vilana. Phytotaxa 482 (2): 93–120. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.482.2.1
  130. Shtein, R., Smith, G.F. & Klein, D.-P. (2021a) The real identity of the Malagasy Kalanchoe rosei (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) finally resolved, and the description of a new species, K. perrieri. Phytotaxa 502 (3): 259–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.4
  131. Shtein, R., Klein, D.-P. & Smith, G.F. (2021b) A new status for two varieties previously included in the southern Malagasy Kalanchoe rosei, now included in K. variifolia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 496 (3): 228–244. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.3.2
  132. Smith, G.F. (2019) Notes on Kalanchoe ×houghtonii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an early hybrid between two species of K. subg. Bryophyllum. Haseltonia 26: 78–85. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.026.0111
  133. Smith, G.F. (2020a) The kalanchoes (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Raymond-Hamet (1890–1972). Bradleya 38: 120–140. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a15
  134. Smith, G.F. (2020b) Typification of the infrageneric names published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Alwin Berger. Phytotaxa 453 (1): 52–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.453.1.6
  135. Smith, G.F. (2020c) Nomenclature of the partial infrageneric classification proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by René C.J.E. Maire in 1976 [sic, “1977”]. Phytotaxa 468 (2): 231–235. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.468.2.8
  136. Smith, G.F. (2020d) Kalanchoe Adans. subg. Fernandesiae Gideon F.Sm. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new subgenus from southern and south-tropical Africa. Haseltonia 27: 2–7. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.027.0101
  137. Smith, G.F. (2020e) The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe humilis, K. prasina, and K. figueiredoi (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 454 (4): 267–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.454.4.4
  138. Smith, G.F. (2021a) Reinstatement of Kalanchoe [subg. Bryophyllum] sect. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) for K. porphyrocalyx and K. uniflora, two Malagasy endemics. Bradleya 39: 177–181. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a17
  139. Smith, G.F. (2021b) How Kalanchoe marmorata (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a distinctive central and east African species, received its name, and the later, valid publication of K. macrantha by Maire. Phytotaxa 502 (1): 93–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.1.7
  140. Smith, G.F. (2021c) Nomenclatural novelties published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooidee) by Boiteau and Allorge-Boiteau in 1995. Phytotaxa 496 (2): 201–207. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.2.10
  141. Smith, G.F. (2022a) Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Raymond-Hamet (1916): a long-overlooked name in K. subg. Kalanchoe. Phytotaxa 550 (2): 208–212. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.10
  142. Smith, G.F. (2022b) Date and place of publication and author attribution of the combination Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 560 (1): 131–134. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.12
  143. Smith, G.F. (2022c) Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and south-tropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species. Phytotaxa 568 (1): 8–26. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2
  144. Smith, G.F. (2022d) Notes on Kalanchoe subg. Bryophyllum (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and the kalanchoes of Sijfert H. Koorders (1919). Phytotaxa 549 (1): 87–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.7
  145. Smith, G.F. (2022e) The taxonomy of Kalanchoe marmorata Baker (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a distinctive African species, revisited. Phytotaxa 538 (2): 100–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.538.2.2
  146. Smith, G.F. (2022f) Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Kalanchoe bentii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 555 (2): 178–186. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.2.6
  147. Smith, G.F. (2022g) A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus. Phytotaxa 560 (2): 153–185. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.2.2
  148. Smith, G.F. (2023a) A reassessment of combinations previously proposed or published for Kalanchoe subg. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its valid publication at the rank of subgenus. Phytotaxa 585 (1): 61–66. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.585.1.7
  149. Smith, G.F. (2023b) A review of exotic Kalanchoe taxa (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) naturalised and cultivated in Africa and the Gulf of Guinea islands, with their nomenclature updated. Phytotaxa 613 (1): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.1
  150. Smith, G.F. (2023c [April]) (2947) Proposal to reject the name Bryophyllum triangulare (Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae). Taxon 72 (2): 435–436. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12922
  151. Smith, G.F. (2023d) Kalanchoe sect. Streptanthae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new two-species section in K. subg. Bryophyllum. Phytotaxa 609 (4): 273–281. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.4.3
  152. Smith, G.F. (2023e) Kalanchoe sect. Rhombopilosae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new section for K. rhombopilosa in the woody clade of K. subg. Kalanchoe. Haseltonia 30: 22–26. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.030.0104
  153. Smith, G.F., Bernard, S., Thiede, J. & Nickol, M. (2020) Notes on the natural geographical distribution range of the Madagascan Kalanchoe dinklagei Rauh (Crassulaceae). Haseltonia 27: 21–28.
  154. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2013) Succulent paradise. Twelve great gardens of the world. Struik Lifestyle, an imprint of Random House Struik, Cape Town, 184 pp.
  155. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2017a) Notes on Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. (Crassulaceae) in Southern Africa: the taxonomy of a species complex. Haseltonia 23: 57–71. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.023.0109
  156. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2017b) The identity of Kalanchoe paniculata Harv. (Crassulaceae), a common species in southeastern and south-tropical Africa. Haseltonia 23: 72–78. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.023.0110
  157. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018a) The infrageneric classification and nomenclature of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae), with special reference to the southern African species. Bradleya 36: 162–172. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a10
  158. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018b) Nomenclatural notes on Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (Crassulaceae). Bradleya 36: 220–223. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a18
  159. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018c) Kalanchoe crouchii Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a new species from the dolomites of the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Haseltonia 25: 84–90.
  160. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2019a) The taxonomy of Kalanchoe laxiflora Baker, a Madagascan species of Crassulaceae. Bradleya 37: 118–124. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a6
  161. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2019b) A new status and combination in a Madagascan Kalanchoe, K. beauverdii var. juelii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 414 (2): 119–120. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.414.2.4
  162. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2019c) Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx var. sambiranensis, a new variety in a Madagascan Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 422 (2): 206–208. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.422.2.8
  163. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2019d) The nomenclature and correct author citation of the names Kalanchoe marnieriana H.Jacobsen ex L.Allorge and Bryophyllum marnierianum (H.Jacobsen ex L.Allorge) Govaerts (Crassulaceae), with notes on the nomenclature of some Madagascan Kalanchoe taxa. Bradleya 37: 212–217. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a19
  164. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2020a) Typification of the name Kalanchoe scapigera (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 435 (2): 203–207. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.435.2.7
  165. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2020b) A new status and combination in a Madagascan Kalanchoe, K. brevicalyx (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 450 (2): 243–245. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.450.2.10
  166. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021a) Kalanchoe serrata. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 104–113, plate 2370.
  167. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021b) The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe streptantha Baker (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Bradleya 39: 195–201. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a20
  168. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022a) Kalanchoe beharensis ‘Pixel’ (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), eine neue Sorte einer populären Zierpflanze aus Madagaskar. Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 73 (11): 329–333.
  169. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022b) Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on the names published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Drake del Castillo in 1903. Phytotaxa 547 (2): 158–166. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.547.2.3
  170. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022c) Nomenclatural notes on the economically important Flaming Katy, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 549 (1): 104–110. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.9
  171. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023a) Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René ‘Edmond’ Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 275–284. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4
  172. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2023b) Kalanchoe daigremontiana Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 68: 56–68, plate 2386.
  173. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Bernhard, S. (2019b) Taxonomy of the Madagascan Kalanchoe serrata Mannoni & Boiteau (Crassulaceae). Bradleya 37: 125–132. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a7
  174. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Bernhard, S. (2019c) Notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe brevisepala (Humbert) L.Allorge and its basionym, K. millotii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier subsp. brevisepala Humbert, and Kalanchoe dinklagei Rauh (Crassulaceae). Bradleya 37: 87–96. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a31
  175. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Shtein, R. (2021e) Kalanchoe manginii. Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 70–79, plate 2367.
  176. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Silva, V. (2015) Kalanchoe ×houghtonii (Crassulaceae) recorded near Lisbon, Portugal. Bouteloua 20: 97–99.
  177. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019a) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, x, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814007-9.00005-0
  178. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Walker, C.C. (2021c) Kalanchoe beharensis. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 50–59, plate 2365. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a20
  179. Smith, G.F., Klein, D.-P. & Shtein, R. (2021d) A revision of the Malagasy Kalanchoe subg. Kitchingia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): history, taxonomy, and nomenclature. Phytotaxa 507 (1): 67–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.507.1.3
  180. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022a) The nomenclature and taxonomy of Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae resolved. Phytotaxa 555 (3): 241–251. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.3.3
  181. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022b) (2908) Proposal to reject the name Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae (Crassulaceae). Taxon 71 (4): 910–911. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12778
  182. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021a) A review of horticulturally desirable characters in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): variable and deviating vegetative and reproductive morphologies useful in breeding programmes. Haseltonia 28: 106–119. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0110
  183. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021b) Taxonomic notes on Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its horticultural derivatives. Phytotaxa 478 (2): 225–238. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.478.2.4
  184. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021c) Nomenclature and taxonomic placement of the infraspecific taxa recognised in the Madagascan Kalanchoe miniata (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Perrier de la Bâthie and Boiteau and Mannoni in the 20th century. Phytotaxa 514 (2): 118–128. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.514.2.3
  185. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021d) Typification of the name Kalanchoe daigremontiana (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 494 (2): 244–249. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.494.2.8
  186. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021e) Clarifying the typification of the names Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi and K. waldheimii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), two leaf-succulent shrubs indigenous to Madagascar. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 131–134. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.1.9
  187. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2022) Nomenclature and taxonomy of the partial infrageneric classification systems proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Boiteau and Boiteau & Mannoni in the mid-20th century. Phytotaxa 536 (2): 141–153. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.536.2.3
  188. Smith, G.F., Shtein, R. & Klein, D.-P. (2021a) Kalanchoe subg. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new rank for K. sect. Alatae. Phytotaxa 509 (2): 255–258. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.9
  189. Smith, G.F., Shtein, R., Klein, D.-P., Parihar, B., Almeida, A., Rodewald, S. & Kadereit, G. (2021b) Special Review. Sexual and asexual reproduction in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae): a review of known and newly recorded strategies. Haseltonia 28: 2–22. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0101
  190. Stapf, O. (1897 [August–September]) 493. Kalanchoe flammea, Stapf [Crassulaceae]. In: DLXXV.—Diagnoses africanæ, X. pp. 266. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1897 (128–129): 243–259. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127162#page/272/mode/1up]
  191. Stapf, O. (1908) 943. Kitchingia uniflora Stapf [Crassulaceae]. In: XXXIV. Diagnoses africanae: XXIII, pp. 257–262. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1908 (6): 258–259. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11624747#page/266/mode/1up]
  192. Stapf, O. (1909) Kitchingia uniflora. Madagascar. Crassulaceae. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine [volume 135 of the whole series] 4th ser., 5: Tab. 8286. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14261#page/227/mode/1up]
  193. Tulasne, L.-R. [‘Edmond’] (1857) Fragmentum alterum (1). Floræ madagascariensis. II. Calanchoe [sic, Kalanchoe] pp. 149–150. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique sér. 4, 8: 44–163. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129817#page/153/mode/1up]
  194. Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
  195. Vahl, M. (1791 [July–December]) Symbolae botanicae, sive plantarum, tam earum, quas in itinere, imprimis orientali, collegit Petrus Forskål, quam aliarum, recentius detectarum, exactiores descriptiones, nec non observationes circa quasdam plantas dudum cognitas, [...]. Pars secunda, cum tabulis XXV aeri incisis. Impensis auctoris. Excudebant Nicolaus Möller et filius, Aulae Regiae Typographi, Hauniae [København], pp. 105 [108], plates XXVI–L. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38534914#page/205/mode/1up]
  196. Vargas, A., Herrera, I., Nualart, N., Guézou, A., Gómez-Bellver, C., Freire, E., Jaramillo Díaz, P. & López-Pujol, J. (2022) The genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in Ecuador: from gardens to the wild. Plants 11 (3): 1746. [22 pp.] https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131746
  197. Von Poellnitz, [J.]K.[L.A.] (1934) XV. Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Centralblatt für Sammlung und Veröffentlichung von Einzeldiagnosen neuer Pflanzen 35: 159–160. [http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=6015]
  198. Wang, Z.-Q., Guillot, D., Ren, M.-X. & López-Pujol, J. (2016) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) as invasive aliens in China—new records, and actual and potential distribution. Nordic Journal of Botany 34 (3): 349–354. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01052
  199. Warburg, O. (1903) Kolonial-Wirtschaftliches Komittee. Kunene-Sambesi-Expedition H. Baum 1903. Im Auftrag des Kolonial-Wirtschaftlichen Komitees Herausgegeben von [...] O. Warburg. Berlin, 593 pp.
  200. Ward, D.B. (2006) A name for a hybrid Kalanchoe now naturalized in Florida [Kalanchoe ×houghtonii D.B.Ward]. Cactus & Succulent Journal (U.S.) 78 (2): 92–95. https://doi.org/10.2985/0007-9367(2006)78[92:ANFAHK]2.0.CO;2
  201. Watson, W. [as “W. W.”] (1902 [24 May]) New and interesting plants. Kalanchoe kewensis. Ornithogalum kewense. Cymbidium rhodochilum. Pitcairnea cœrulea. The Garden (London, 1871–1927) 61 (No. 1529): 338–339. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79275#page/356/mode/1up]
  202. Welwitsch, F.M.J. (1871a [August]) 5. Kalanchoe brachyloba Welw., in J. Britten, 4. Kalanchoe Linn., Order L. Crassulaceae. In: Oliver, D. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa (Leguminosae to Ficoideae) 2. L. Reeve & Co., London, p. 392. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124#page/398/mode/1up]
  203. Welwitsch, F.M.J. (1871b [August]) 7. Kalanchoe platysepala Welw., in J. Britten, 4. Kalanchoe Linn., Order L. Crassulaceae. In: Oliver, D. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa (Leguminosae to Ficoideae) 2. L. Reeve & Co., London, p. 393. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124#page/399/mode/1up]
  204. Welwitsch, F.M.J. (1871c [August]) 15. Kalanchoe velutina Welw., in J. Britten, 4. Kalanchoe Linn., Order L. Crassulaceae. In: Oliver, D. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa (Leguminosae to Ficoideae) 2. L. Reeve & Co., London, p. 396. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124#page/402/mode/1up]
  205. Welwitsch, F.M.J. (1871d [August]) 17. Kalanchoe scapigera Welw., in J. Britten, 4. Kalanchoe Linn., Order L. Crassulaceae. In: Oliver, D. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa (Leguminosae to Ficoideae) 2. L. Reeve & Co., London, p. 397. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124#page/403/mode/1up]
  206. Welwitsch, F.M.J. (1871e [August]) 13. Kalanchoe coccinea Welw., in J. Britten, 4. Kalanchoe Linn., Order L. Crassulaceae. In: Oliver, D. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa (Leguminosae to Ficoideae) 2. L. Reeve & Co., London, p. 395. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124#page/401/mode/1up]
  207. Wight, R. & Walker-Arnot, G.A. (1834) Prodromus floræ peninsulæ indiæ orientalis: containing abridged descriptions of the plants found in the Peninsula of British India, arranged according to the natural system. Vol. I. Parbury, Allen, & Co., London, 480 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.252
  208. Wood, J.M. (1903) Kalanchoe longiflora, Schlechter, MSS. Natural Order, Crassulaceae. In: Natal Plants. Vol. 4, part I. Plate 320 [lacking page numbers].