Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 617 No. 1: 28 Sept. 2023
Type: Monograph
Published: 2023-09-28
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.617.1.1
Page range: 1-127
Abstract views: 284
PDF downloaded: 29

A taxonomic revision of the genus Eperua (Leguminosae, Detarioideae, Detarieae)

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal; Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Rua Monteiro Lobato; 255 ; Campinas; São Paulo; Brazil; 13083-862
Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas; área de concentração Botânica Tropical; Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi; Av. Perimetral; 1901; Terra Firme; Belém; Pará; Brasil; CEP 66077-83o
Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Leiden; The Netherlands; Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics; Dept. of Biology; Utrecht University; Utrecht; The Netherlands
UNELLEZ-Guanare; Programa de Ciencias del Agro y del Mar; Herbario Universitario (PORT); Mesa de Cavacas; estado Portuguesa; Venezuela; 3350; Compensation International Progress S.A. Ciprogress–Greenlife; Bogotá D.C.; Colombia
Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi – MPEG Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi/Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia; Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Biológicas – Botânica Tropical; Belém; Pará; Brazil; 66077-830
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária; Embrapa Amazônia Oriental; Laboratório de Botânica; Trav. Enéas Pinheiro; s/n; Marco; CEP 66095-903
Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Rua Pacheco Leão; 915; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil; 22460-030
Eudicots Eperua Leguminosae Detarioideae Detarieae

Abstract

We present a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the tree genus Eperua, encompassing several significant findings. We identify and recognize a total of 19 species (including two new species described herein; E. froesii, E. reddeniae), as well as five subspecies (including one new, E. grandiflora subsp. ciliata), and six varieties (including one new, E. glabriflora var. gynopubescens). We also propose the synonymization of E. praesagata with E. glabra due to the absence of discernible morphological differences, which is supported by molecular data. In addition to these novelties, our revision offers an updated key, illustrations, photos, and maps. Detailed taxonomic comments are provided, discussing morphological similarities and differences between taxa. Furthermore, comprehensive information is provided for each species, including data on phenology, distribution, habitat, conservation status, and vernacular names. Eperua froesii is being described from specimens collected more than 50 years ago, while E. reddeniae and E. grandiflora subsp. ciliata from specimens collected recently (2004–2006). This emphasizes the critical role of herbarium collections in biodiversity discovery and underscores the significance of historical specimens. Our taxonomic comments add to Cowan’s (1975) revision, in which the author concentrated on listing characteristics considered advanced and less advanced, while here we focus on morphological similarities and differences between taxa. In conclusion, this new taxonomic revision significantly enhances our knowledge of the genus Eperua and provides a basis for further research in evolution, ecology, and phytochemistry.

References

  1. Adeney, J.M., Christensen, N.L., Vicentini, A. & Cohn-Haft, M. (2016) White-sand ecosystems in Amazonia. Biotropica 48: 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12293
  2. Aublet, J.B.C.F. (1775) Histoire des plantes de la Guiane Françoise. Tome I and Tome II. Pierre Françoies Didot jeune, Paris, 976 pp.
  3. Aymard, G., Schargel, R., Berry, P.E. & Stergios, B. (2009) Estudio de los suelos y la vegetación (estructura, composición florística y diversidad) en bosques macrotérmicos no inundables, estado Amazonas Venezuela (aprox. 01° 30’ - 05° 55’ N; 66° 00’ - 67° 0’ O). Biollania (Ed. Esp.) 9: 6–251.
  4. Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessment with GeoCAT: geospacial conservation assessment tool. Zookeys 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109
  5. Baillon, H.E. (1870) Caesalpinées. In: Baillon, H.E. (Ed.) Histoire des plantes. Tome II. Librairie Hachette & Cie, Paris. pp. 110–111.
  6. Barroso, G.M., Peixoto, A.L., Costa, C.G., Ichaso, C.L.F., Guimarães, E.F. & Lima, H.C. (1991) Sistemática das angiospermas do Brasil. Vol 2. Imprensa Universitária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, pp. 15–100.
  7. Bebber, D.P., Carine, M.A., Wood, J.R., Wortley, A.H., Harris, D.J., Prance, G.T., Davidse, G., Paige, J., Pennington, T.D. & Robson, N.K. (2010) Herbaria are a major frontier for species discovery. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107: 22169–22171. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1011841108
  8. Beentje, H. (2010) The Kew plant glossary an illustrated dictionary of plant terms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, 160 pp.
  9. Benoist, R. (1916) Descriptions d’espécies nouvelles de légumineuses de la Guyane Française Notulae Systematicae. Herbier du Museum de Paris 3: 271–274.
  10. Bentham, G. (1870) Caesalpinieae. In: von Martius, C.F.P. & Eichler, A.G. (Eds.) Flora Brasiliensis 15(2). F. Fleischer, Leipzig, pp. 226–228.
  11. BFG [The Brazil Flora Group] (2015) Growing knowledge: an overview of seed plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: 1085–1113. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
  12. Bruneau, A., Forest, F., Herendeen, P.S., Klitgaard, B.B. & Lewis, G.P. (2001) Phylogenetic relationships in the Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) as inferred from chloroplast trnL intron sequences. Systematic Botany 26: 487–514. https://doi.org/10.1043/0363-6445-26.3.487
  13. Bruneau, A., Mercure, M., Lewis, G.P. & Herendeen, P.S (2008) Phylogenetic patterns and diversification in the Caesalpinioid legumes. Botany 86: 697–718. https://doi.org/10.1139/B08-058
  14. Bruneau, A., Klitgaard, B.B., Prenner, G., Fougère-Danezan, M. & Tucker, S.C. (2014) Floral evolution in the Detarieae (Leguminosae): phylogenetic evidence for labile floral development in an early-diverging legume lineage. International Journal of Plant Sciences 175: 392–417. https://doi.org/10.1086/675574
  15. Cardoso, D., Särkinen T., Alexander, S., Amorim, A.M., Bittrich, V., Celis, M., Daly, D.C., Fiaschi, P., Funk, V.A., Giacomin, L.L., Goldenberg, R., Heiden, G., Iganci, J., Kelloff, C.L., Knapp, S., de Lima, H.C., Machado, A.F.P., dos Santos, R.M., Mello-Silva, R., Michelangeli, F.A., Mitchell, J., Moonlight, P., de Moraes, P.L.R., Mori, S.A., Nunes, T.S., Pennington, T.D., Pirani, J.R., Prance, G.T., de Queiroz, L.P., Rapini, A., Riina, R., Rincon, C.A.V., Roque, N., Shimizu, G., Sobral, M., Stehmann, J.R., Stevens, W.D., Taylor, C.M., Trovó, M., van den Berg, C., van der Werff, H., Viana, P.L., Zartman, C.E. & Forzza, R.C. (2017) Amazon plant diversity revealed by a taxonomically verified species list. PNAS 114: 10695–10700. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706756114
  16. Cardoso, J.C.F., Viana, M.L., Matias, R., Furtado, M.T., Caetano, A.P. de S., Consolaro, H. & Brito, V.L.G. de (2018) Towards a unified terminology for angiosperm reproductive systems. Acta Botanica Brasilica 32: 329–348. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062018abb0124
  17. Chipaia, F. da C., Reis, A.R.S., Reis, L.P., Carvalho, J.C. de & Silva, E.F.R. da (2012) Descrição anatômica macroscópica de madeira de oito espécies florestais comercializadas no município de Altamira-PA, Brasil. Journal of Bioenergy and Food Science 2: 18–24. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1862.6086
  18. Collins English dictionary (2023) Available from: http://www.collinsdictionary.com/english/creative (accessed 23 May 2023)
  19. Coomes, D.A. & Gribb, P.J. (1996) Amazonian Caatinga and related communities at La Esmeralda, Venezuela: Forest Structure, physiognomy and floristics, and control by soil factors. Vegetatio 122: 167–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00044699
  20. Cowan, R.S. (1957) Tropical American Leguminosae-III. Brittonia 8: 251–253. https://doi.org/10.2307/2804977
  21. Cowan, R.S. (1958) Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae. The Botany of the Guayana Highland. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 10: 147–149.
  22. Cowan, R.S. (1975) Monograph of the genus Eperua (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 28: 1–45. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024x.28
  23. Cowan, R.S. & Polhill, R. (1981) Tribe 4. Detarieae DC. In: Polhill, R. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) Advances in Legume Systematics. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 117–134.
  24. Cowan, R.S. (1985) Studies in Tropical American Leguminosae – IX. Brittonia 37 (3): 292–294. https://doi.org/10.2307/2806078
  25. Crane, P.R. (2004) Documenting plant diversity: Unfinished business. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 359: 735–737. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1441
  26. DeFilipps, R.A., Maina, S.L. & Crepin, J. (2004) Medicinal Plants of the Guianas. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 477 pp.
  27. Ducke, W.A. (1932) Espéces nouvelles de plantes de l’Amazonie brésilienne. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 4 (6): 728–729.
  28. Ducke, W.A. (1940) Notes on the wallaba trees. Tropical Woods 62: 21–28.
  29. Estrella M., De La, Forest, F., Wieringa, J.J., Fougère-Danezan, M. & Bruneau, A. (2017) Insights on the Evolutionary Origin of Detarioideae, a Clade of Ecologically Dominant Tropical African Trees. New Phytologist 214: 1722–1735. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14523
  30. Estrella, M. de La, Forest, F., Klitgaard, B., Lewis, G.P., Mackinder, B.A., Queiroz, L.P. de, Wieringa, J.J. & Bruneau, A. (2018) A new phylogeny-based tribal classification of subfamily Detarioideae, an early branching clade of florally diverse tropical arborescent legumes. Scientific Reports 8: 6884. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24687-3
  31. Fabaceae in Flora e Funga do Brasil (2022) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Disponível em, Available from: https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB115 (accessed 6 July 2022)
  32. Feldpausch, T.R., Lloyd, J., Lewis, S.L., Brienen, R.J.W., Gloor, M., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Banin, L., Abu Salim, K., Affum-Baffoe, K., Alexiades, M., Almeida, S., Amaral, I., Andrade, A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Araujo Murakami, A., Arets, E.J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G.A., Baker, T.R., Bánki, O.S., Berry, N.J., Cardozo, N., Chave, J., Comiskey, J.A., Alvarez, E., de Oliveira, A., Di Fiore, A., Djagbletey, G., Domingues, T.F., Erwin, T.L., Fearnside, P.M., França, M.B., Freitas, M.A., Higuchi, N., Honorio C., E., Iida, Y., Jiménez, E., Kassim, A.R., Killeen, T.J., Laurance, W.F., Lovett, J.C., Malhi, Y., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Lenza, E., Marshall, A.R., Mendoza, C., Metcalfe, D.J., Mitchard, E.T.A., Neill, D.A., Nelson, B.W., Nilus, R., Nogueira, E.M., Parada, A., Peh, K.S.-H., Pena Cruz, A., Peñuela, M.C., Pitman, N.C.A., Prieto, A., Quesada, C.A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Reitsma, J.M., Rudas, A., Saiz, G., Salomão, R.P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Sonké, B., Stropp, J., Taedoumg, H.E., Tan, S., ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J., Torello-Raventos, M., van der Heijden, G.M.F., Vásquez, R., Vilanova, E., Vos, V.A., White, L., Willcock, S., Woell, H. & Phillips, O.L. (2012) Tree height integrated into pantropical forest biomass estimates. Biogeosciences 9: 3381–3403. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3381-2012
  33. Fleming, T.H., Geiselman, C. & Kress, W.J. (2009) The Evolution of bat Pollination: A Phylogenetic Perspective. Annals of Botany 104 (6): 1017–1043. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcp197
  34. Fontana, C., Pérez-de-Lis, G., Santini-Junior, L., Botosso, P.C., Nabais, C., Tomazello-Filho, M. & Lousada, J.L.P.C. (2018) Wood anatomy and growth ring boundaries of Copaifera lucens (Fabaceae). IAWA Journal 39: 395–405. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20170209
  35. Fortes, E.A. & Mansano, V.F. (2022) Untangling nomenclatural issues of some Amazonian trees of Eperua Aubl. (Leguminosae, Detarioideae, Detariae). Phytotaxa 542 (2): 189–198. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.2.6
  36. Fortes, E.A., Silva, G. da S. & Mansano, V. (2023) Two new species of Eperua (Leguminosae, Detarioideae, Detarieae) from the Amazon and Cerrado Biomes discovered in a botanical garden and a backyard. Phytotaxa 591 (3): 196–208. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.591.3.2
  37. Forsyth Jr., W. (1794) A Botanical nomenclator containing a systematical arrangement of the classes, orders, genera, and species of plants as described in the new edition of Linnæsus’s Systema naturæ, by Dr. Gmelin. Printed for T. Cadell, and P. Elmsly, in the Strand; and G. Nicol, Pall-Mall, London. p. 391. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.127458
  38. Fougère-Danezan, M., Maumont, S. & Bruneau, A. (2007) Relationships among resin-producing Detarieae s.l. (Leguminosae) as inferred by molecular data. American Society of Plant Taxonomists 32: 748–761. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364407783390755
  39. Fougère-Danezan, M., Herendeen, P.S., Maumont, S. & Bruneau, A. (2010) Morphological evolution in the variable resin-producing Detarieae (Fabaceae): Do morphological characters retain a phylogenetic signal? Annals of Botany 105: 311–325. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcp280
  40. Funk, V. (2006) Floras: A model for biodiversity studies or a thing of the past? Taxon 55: 581–588. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065635
  41. Google Maps (2023) Available from: https://www.google.com.br/maps/ (accessed 23 May 2023)
  42. Hopkins, M.J.G. (2007) Modelling the known and unknown plant biodiversity of the Amazon Basin. Journal of Biogeography 34: 1400–1411. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01737.x
  43. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística—IBGE (2019) 2019 Biomas e Sistema Costeiro-Marinho do Brasil - 1:250 000. Available from: https://www.ibge.gov.br/geociencias/informacoes-ambientais/estudos-ambientais/15842-biomas.html?edicao=25799&t=downloads/ (accessed 10 January 2022)
  44. IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Cambridge.
  45. IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf]
  46. Junk, W.J., Piedade, M.T.F., Schöngart, J., Cohn-Haft M., Adeney, J.M. & Wittmann, F. (2011) A Classification of Major Naturally-Occurring Amazonian Lowland Wetlands. Wetlands 31: 623–640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-011-0190-7
  47. Kleinhoonte, A. (1933) Eperua stipulata Kleinh. nov. spec. Recueil des Travaux Botaniques Néerlandais 30: 171.
  48. Leandro, L.M. & Veiga-Junior, V.F. (2012) O gênero Eperua Aublet: uma revisão. Scientia Amazonia 1: 14–22.
  49. Lewis, G.P., Schrire, B., MacKinder, B. & Lock, M. (2005) Legumes of the World. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens, 577 pp.
  50. LPWG (2017) A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny. Taxon 66 (1): 44–77. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.61pd6
  51. Mackinder, B.A. (2005) Tribo Detarieae. In: Lewis, G.P., Schrire, B., Mackinder, B. & Lock, M. (Eds.) Legumes of the World. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 69–109.
  52. Miquel, F.A.G. (1851) Caesalpiniae. In: Miquel, F.A.G. (Ed.) Stirpes Surinamensis Selectae. Arnz & Comp, Leiden, pp. 12–13. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.77484
  53. Obiang-Mbomio, D. & Breteler, F.J. (2007) Révision du genre Eurypetalum Harms (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae). Adansonia 29: 67–76. [https://edepot.wur.nl/35728]
  54. Oliver, D. (1891) Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 20. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman, London, 258 pp.
  55. Pires, J.M. & Prance, G.T. (1985) The Vegetation types of the Brazilian Amazon. In: Prance, G.T. & Lovejoy, T.E. (Eds.) Key environments: Amazonia. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 109–145.
  56. Pulle, A.A. (1906) An enumeration of the vascular plants known from Surinam. E.J. Brill, Leiden, 555 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.57150
  57. Rees, A. (1808) The cyclopædia; or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature. Vol. 11. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, Paternoser-Row, London, 768 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.59683
  58. Romero-González, G.A. & Aymard, G.A.A. (2019) A new species of Eperua (Leguminosae, Detarioideae) from Amazonas state, Venezuela. Harvard Papers in Botany 24: 341–347. https://doi.org/10.3100/hpib.v24iss2.2019.n17
  59. Rudge, E. (1807) Description of a new Species of Dimorpha. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 9: 179–181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1818.tb00337.x
  60. Ruffinatto, F., Crivellaro, A. & Wiedenhoeft, A.C. (2015) Review of macroscopic features for hardwood and softwood identification and a proposal for a new character list. IAWA Journal 36 (2): 208–241. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-00000096
  61. Sandwith, N.Y. (1931) Contributions to the Flora of Tropical .4merica, VII: New and Noteworthy Leguminosae and Rosaceae from British Guiana. Kew Bulletin 1931: 364–366. https://doi.org/10.2307/4102573
  62. Schreber, J.C.D. (1791) Genera Plantarum. vol. 2. Frankfurt ad Moenum, Sumtu Varrentrappii et Wenneri, 872 pp.
  63. Silva, W.L. da S., Costa-Neto, S.V. & Soares, M.V.B. (2015) Diversidade de Leguminosae em Savanas do Amapá. Biota Amazônia 5: 83–89. https://doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v5n1p83-89
  64. Sobral, M. & Stehmann, J.R. (2009) An analysis of new angiosperm species discoveries in Brazil (1990–2006). Taxon 58: 227–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.581021
  65. Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1979) Taxonomic literature: a selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Volume II: H-Le. Regnum Vegetabile 98. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, 991 pp. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103253#page/11/mode/1up (accessed 6 November 2022)
  66. Stuessy, T.F. (2009) Plant taxonomy: the systematic evaluation of comparative data. Columbia University Press, New York, 539 pp.
  67. Ter Steege, H., Pitman, N.C.A., Sabatier, D., Baraloto, C., Salomão, R.P., Guevara, J.E., Phillips, O.L., Castilho, C.V., Magnusson, W.E., Molino, J.-F., Monteagudo, A., Núñez Vargas, P., Montero, J.C., Feldpausch, T.R., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Killeen, T.J., Mostacedo, B., Vasquez, R., Assis, R.L., Terborgh, J., Wittmann, F., Andrade, A., Laurance, W.F., Laurance, S.G.W., Marimon, B.S., Marimon, B.-H., Guimarães Vieira, I.C., Leão Amaral, I., Brienén, R., Castellanos, H., Cárdenas López, D., Duivenvoorden, J.F., Mogollón, H.F., Dionízia de Almeida Matos, F., Dávila, N., García-Villacorta, R., Stevenson Diaz, P.R., Costa, F., Emilio, T., Levis, C., Schietti, J., Souza, P., Alonso, A., Dallmeier, F., Duque Montoya, A.J., Fernández Piedade, M.T., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Gribel, R., Fine, P.V.A., Peres, C.A., Toledo, M., Aymard C., G.A., Baker, T.R., Cerón, C., Engel, J., Henkel, T.W., Maas, P., Petronelli, P., Stropp, J., Zartman, C.E., Daly, D., Neill, D., Silveira, M., Ríos Paredes, M., Chave, J., Lima Filho, D.de A., Jørgensen, P.M., Fuentes, A., Schöngart, J., Cornejo Valverde, F., Di Fiore, A., Jimenez, E.M., Peñuela Mora, M.C., Phillips, J.F., Rivas, G., Van Andel, T.R., Von Hildebrand, P., Hoffman, B., Zent, E.L., Malhi, Y., Prieto, A., Rudas, A., Ruschel, A.R., Silva, N., Vos, V., Zent, S., Oliveira, A.A., Cano Schutz, A., Gonzales, T., Nascimento, M.T., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Sierra, R., Tirado, M., Umaña Medina, M.N., Van der Heijden, G., Vela, C.I.A., Vilanova Torre, E., Vriesendorp, C., Wang, O., Young, K.R., Baider, C., Balslev, H., Ferreira, C., Mesones, I., Torres-Lezama, A., Urrego Giraldo, L.E., Zagt, R., Alexiades, M.N., Hernandez, L., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Milliken, W., Palacios Cuenca, W., Pauletto, D., Valderrama Sandoval, E., Valenzuela Gamarra, L., Dexter, K.G., Feeley, K., Lopez-Gonzalez, G. & Silman, M.R. (2013) Hyperdominance in the Amazonian tree flora. Science 342: 1243092. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243092
  68. ter Steege, H., Vaessen, R.W., Cárdenas-López, D., Sabatier, D., Antonelli, A., Oliveira, S.M. de, Pitman N.C.A., Jorgensen, P.M. & Salomão, R.P. (2016) The discovery of the Amazonian tree flora with an updated checklist of all known tree taxa. Scientific Reports 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29549.
  69. Ter Steege, H., Prado, P.I., de Lima, R.A.F., Pos, E., Coelho, L.de S., Lima Filho, D.de A., Salomão, R.P., Amaral, I.L., Matos, F.D.de A., Castilho, C.V., Phillips, O.L., Guevara, J.E., Carim, M.de J.V., López, D.C., Magnusson, W.E., Wittmann, F., Martins, M.P., Sabatier, D., Irume, M.V., Guimarães, J.R.da S., Molino, J.-F., Bánki, O.S., Piedade, M.T.F., Pitman, N.C.A., Ramos, J.F., Mendoza, A.M., Venticinque, E.M., Luize, B.G., Vargas, P.N., Silva, T.S.F., Novo, E.M.M.de L., Reis, N.F.C., Terborgh, J., Manzatto, A.G., Casula, K.R., Coronado, E.N.H., Montero, J.C., Duque, A., Costa, F.R.C., Arboleda, N.C., Schöngart, J., Zartman, C.E., Killeen, T.J., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Vasquez, R., Mostacedo, B., Demarchi, L.O., Feldpausch, T.R., Engel, J., Petronelli, P., Baraloto, C., Assis, R.L., Castellanos, H., Simon, M.F., de Medeiros, M.B., Quaresma, A., Laurance, S.G.W., Rincón, L.M., Andrade, A., Sousa, T.R., Camargo, J.L., Schietti, J., Laurance, W.F., de Queiroz, H.L., Nascimento, H.E.M., Lopes, M.A., Farias, E.de S., Magalhães, J.L.L., Brienen, R., Aymard C., G.A., Cardenas Revilla, J.D., Vieira, I.C.G., Cintra, B.B.L., Stevenson, P.R., Feitosa, Y.O., Duivenvoorden, J.F., Mogollón, H.F., Araujo-Murakami, A., Ferreira, L.V., Lozada, J.R., Comiskey, J.A., de Toledo, J.J., Damasco, G., Dávila, N., Lopes, A., García-Villacorta, R., Draper, F., Vicentini, A., Valverde, F.C., Lloyd, J., Gomes, V.H.F., Neill, D., Alonso, A., Dallmeier, F., de Souza, F.C., Gribel, R., Arroyo, L., Carvalho, F.A., de Aguiar, D.P.P., do Amaral, D.D., Pansonato, M.P., Feeley, K.J., Berenguer, E., Fine, P.V.A., Guedes, M.C., Barlow, J., Ferreira, J., Villa, B., Peñuela Mora, M.C., Jimenez, E.M., Licona, J.C., Cerón, C., Thomas, R., Maas, P., Silveira, M., Henkel, T.W., Stropp, J., Paredes, M.R., Dexter, K.G., Daly, D., Baker, T.R., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Milliken, W., Pennington, T., Tello, J.S., Marcelo Pena, J.L., Peres, C.A., Klitgaard, B., Fuentes, A., Silman, M.R., Di Fiore, A., von Hildebrand, P., Chave, J., van Andel, T.R., Hilário, R.R., Phillips, J.F., Rivas-Torres, G., Costa Noronha, J., Prieto, A., Gonzales, T., de Sá Carpanedo, R., Gonzales, G.P.G., Gómez, R.Z., Rodrigues, D.de J., Zent, E.L., Ruschel, A.R., Vos, V.A., Fonty, É., Junqueira, A.B., Dávila Doza, H.P., Hoffman, B., Zent, S., Barbosa, E.M., Malhi, Y., Bonates, L.C.de M., Miranda, I.P.de A., Silva, N., Barbosa, F.R., Vela, C.I.A., Mozombite Pinto, L.F., Rudas, A., Albuquerque, B.W., Umaña, M.N., van der Heijden, G., Young, K.R., Tirado, M., Correa, D.F., Sierra, R., Pedrosa Costa, J.B., Rocha, M., Vilanova Torre, E., Wang, O., Oliveira, A.A., Kalamandeen, M., Vriesendorp, C., Ramirez-Angulo, H., Holmgren, M., Nascimento, M.T., Galbraith, D., Flores, B.M., Scudeller, V.V., Cano, A., Ahuite Reategui, M.A., Mesones, I., Baider, C., Mendoza, C., Zagt, R., Urrego Giraldo, L.E., Ferreira, C., Villarroel, D., Linares-Palomino, R., Farfan-Rios, W., Farfan-Rios, W., Casas, L.F., Cárdenas, S., Balslev, H., Torres-Lezama, A., Alexiades, M.N., Garcia-Cabrera, K., Gamarra, L.V., Valderrama Sandoval, E.H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Hernandez, L., Sampaio, A.F., Pansini, S., Cuenca, W.P., Oliveira, E.A.de, Pauletto, D., Levesley, A., Melgaço, K. & Pickavance, G. (2020) Biased-corrected richness estimates for the Amazonian tree flora. Scientific Reports 10: 10130. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66686-3
  70. ter Steege, H., Fortes, E.A., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Erkens, R.H.J., Sabatier, D., Aymard, G., Duijm, E., Eurlings, M., Grewe, F., Pombo, M.M., Gomes, Mansano, V.F. & Oliveira, S.M. (2023) Molecular phylogeny and evolution of inflorescence types in Eperua (Fabaceae). American Journal of Botany. [in press] https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16229
  71. Thiers, B., Thiers, B.M. & Čokić, B.B. (2023 [continuously updated]) Index herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 10 March 2023)
  72. TRADA - Timber Research and Development Association (2020) Wallaba. Available from: https://www.trada.co.uk/wood-species/wallaba/ (accessed 14 July 2022)
  73. Tucker, S.C. (2003) Floral development in Legumes. Plant Physiology 131: 911–926. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.102.017459
  74. Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
  75. Useful Tropical Plants Database (2014) Eperua. Available from: http://tropical.theferns.info/query.php?full=eperua (aaccessed 14 July 2022)
  76. Veiga-Junior, V.F. & Pinto, A.C. (2002) O gênero Copaifera L. Química Nova 25: 273–286, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422002000200016
  77. Vogel, S. (1968) Chiropterophilie in der Neotropischen Flora. Flora, abteilung B 157: 591–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0367-1801(17)30097-2
  78. Willdenow, C.L. (1799) Species plantarum, ed. 4, 2(1). G.C. Nauk, Berolini. 823 pp.
  79. Willdenow, C.L. (1802) Species Plantarum. ed. 4, 3(2). G.C. Nauk, Berolini. 1474 pp.