Abstract
Specimens from the Serra do Caparaó (border of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo states in Brazil) previously treated as Chusquea aff. heterophylla were compared with C. heterophylla. We found differences in macromorphology (including habit, culm leaf persistence and indument, subsidiary branch number, foliage leaf indument on sheath and blades, and spikelet size and bract proportions), abaxial micromorphology of the foliage leaf blades (including silica cell shape, prickle hair shape, bicellular microhair relative size and proportion of its cells, macrohair presence, long cell papillar shape, and subsidiary cell papillar shape and orientation) and in geographic distribution and habitat. These differences were considered enough to describe Chusquea riparia as a new species herein considered as microendemic to the Parque Nacional do Caparaó, growing only in riparian areas of montane Atlantic forest and campos de altitude. We provide illustrations, maps, taxonomic and phenological comments on the new species, and a key to the species of C. subg. Swallenochloa from the Parque Nacional do Caparaó.
References
Attigala, L., Fuentes, A.F. & Clark, L.G. (2017) Chusquea sect. Tenellae (Bambuseae, Bambusoideae, Poaceae), a taxonomic revision of a new section from South America. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 239–265. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.2
BFG—The Brazil Flora Group (2018) Brazilian Flora 2020: Innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguésia 69: 1513–1527. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201869402
Clark, L.G. (1989) Systematics of Chusquea section Swallenochloa, section Verticillatae, section Serpentes, and section Longifoliae (Poaceae-Bambusoideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 27: 1–127. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25027724
Clark, L.G. (1992) Chusquea sect. Swallenochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) and allies in Brazil. Brittonia 44 (4): 387–422. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2807190
Clark, L.G. (1997) Diversity, biogeography and evolution of Chusquea. In: Chapman, G.P. (Ed.) Bamboos. Academic Press, New York, pp. 33–44.
Clark, L.G. & Blong, A. (2009) A new species of Chusquea sect. Swallenochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) from Brazil. The Journal of the American Bamboo Society 22: 26–31.
Clark, L.G., Londoño, X. & Ruiz-Sanchez, E. (2015) Bamboo taxonomy and habitat. In: Liese, W. & Köhl, M. (Eds.) Bamboo: The plant and its uses. Springer, Hamburg, pp. 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14133-6_1
Clark, L.G., Machado, E.P., Vidal, K.V.A., Mota, A.C. & Oliveira, R.P. (2020) Chusquea. In: Flora e Funga do Brasil (2023) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB13085. (accessed: 25 October 2022).
Clark, L.G., Vidal, K.V.A., Oliveira, R.P. & Leandro, T.D. (2022) A new species of Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) in the C. meyeriana informal group from southeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 45: 1249–1260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-022-00838-9
Desvaux, E.E. (1853) Gramíneas. In: Gay, C. (ed.) Historia Física y Política de Chile. Botánica. Flora Chilena 6. Thunot & Co, Paris, pp. 233–469.
Döll, J.C. (1880) Gramineae III. Tribus XI, Bambusaceae. In: Martius, C.F.P. von & Eichler, A.G. (Eds.) Flora Brasiliensis 2 (3). F. Fleischer, Monachii et Lipsiae, pp. 161–220. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.454
Ellis, R.P. (1979) A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf anatomy in the Poaceae. II. The epidermis as seen in surface view. Bothalia 12: 641–671. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v12i4.1441
Ernst, A. (1872) Sertulum Naiguatense; Notes on a small collection of alpine plants from the summit of Naiguatá, in the mountains of Caracas. Journal of Botany 10 (n.s. 1): 261‒264.
Fadrique, B., Pianissola, E.M., Feeley, K.J. & Clark, L.G. (2019) A preliminary revision of Chusquea sect. Swallenochloa (Bambuseae, Bambusoideae, Poaceae) in Peru including the description of two new species and the resurrection of two other species. Phytotaxa 418 (2): 171–194. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.418.2.3
Fisher, A.E., Triplett, J.K., Ho, C.-S., Schiller, A.D., Oltrogge, K.A., Schroder, E.S., Kelchner, S.A. & Clark, L.G. (2009) Paraphyly in the bamboo subtribe Chusqueinae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) and a revised infrageneric classification for Chusquea. Systematic Botany 34: 673–683. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364409790139790
Fisher, A.E., Clark, L.G. & Kelchner, S.A. (2014) Molecular phylogeny estimation of the bamboo genus Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) and description of two new subgenera. Systematic Botany 39: 829–844. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X681554
Flora e Funga do Brasil (2023) Poaceae. In: Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Available from: https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB193 (Accessed: 20 April 2023).
Forzza, R.C., Baumgratz, J.F.A., Bicudo, C.E.M., Canhos, D.A.L., Carvalho, Jr. A.A., Costa, A., Costa, D.P., Hopkins, M., Leitman ,P.M., Lohmann, L.G., NicLughadha, E., Maia, L.C., Martinelli, G., Menezes, M., Morim, M.P., Coelho, M.A.N., Peixoto, A.L., Pirani, J.R., Prado, J., Queiroz, L.P., Souza, S., Souza, V.C., Stehmann, J.R., Sylvestre, L.S., Walter, B.M.T. & Zappi, D. (2012) New Brazilian floristic list highlights conservation challenges. BioScience 62: 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.1.8
Guerreiro, C. & Rúgolo de Agrasar, Z.E. (2014) Revalidation of Chusquea argentina (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) on the basis of morphological, anatomical and phenological characters. Phytotaxa 158: 265–274. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.3.6
Guerreiro, C., Olivera, J.J.A., de Agrasar, Z.R., Beck, S. & Vega, A. (2014) Two new species and synopsis of Chusquea subg. Platonia (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Chusqueinae) in Bolivia and a new record for Peru. Phytotaxa 183 (4): 224–238. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.183.4.2
Judziewicz, E.J., Clark, L.G., Londoño, X. & Stern, M.J. (1999) American bamboos. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC, 392 pp.
Kunth, K.S. (1822) Sur le genre Bambusa. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle et des Arts 95: 148–151.
Leandro, T.D., Scatena, V.L. & Clark, L.G. (2017) The contribution of foliar micromorphology and anatomy to the circumscription of species within the Chusquea ramosissima informal group (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 303 (6): 745–756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1404-0
Leandro, T.D., Scatena, V.L. & Clark, L.G. (2020) Comparative leaf blade anatomy and micromorphology in the systematics and phylogeny of Bambusoideae (Poaceae: Poales). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 192 (1): 165–183. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz074
Lopes-Neto, R.B. & Viana, P.L. (2022) Flora of the Serra do Cachimbo (Eastern Amazon, Brazil): Bambusoideae (Poaceae), including the description of two new species. Phytotaxa 550 (2): 99–129. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.2
McClure, F.A. (1973) Genera of bamboos native to the New World (Gramineae: Bambusoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 9: 1–148.
McMurchie, E.A., Peterson, B., Leandro, T.H.D., Londoño, X. & Clark, L.G. (2022) A revision of Chusquea sect. Serpentes (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) including two new species from South America. Systematic Botany 47 (2): 363–396. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16512572275007
Metcalfe, C.R. (1960) Anatomy of the Monocotyledons (Vol. I). Clarendon Press, Oxford, 731 pp.
Moreira, F., Viana, P.L. & Clark, L.G. (2008) Flowering in Chusquea riosaltensis (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Chusqueinae). Journal of American Bamboo Society 21: 48–52.
Morton, C.V. (1935) New species of plant from Guatemala. Phytologia 1: 145–150. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.18991
Mota, A.C. (2013) Sistemática de Chusquea subgênero Rettbergia (Poaceae, Bambusoideae). Tese (Doutorado em Botânica). Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, 229 pp.
Nees von Esenbeck, C.G.D. (1829) Familia decima. Gramineae Bambuseae. In: Martius, C.F.P., Eichler, A.W. & Urban, I. (Eds.) Flora Brasiliensis; seu Enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia tam sua sponte quam accedente cultura provenientium, quas in itinere auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae regis annis 1817–1820 peracto collegit, partim descripsit; alias a Maximiliano seren. principe Widensi, sellovio aliisque advectas addidit 2 (3). Cottae, Stuttgartiae et Tübingae, pp 520–537. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6159
Nees von Esenbeck, C.G. (1835) Bambuseae brasilienses. Recensuit, et Alias in India Orientali Provenientes Adjecit. Linnaea 9: 461–494.
Palmer, P.G. & Tucker, A.E. (1981) Survey of the epidermis of East African Grasses, I. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 49: 1–84. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.49
Pianissola, E.M., Parma, D.F., Santos-Gonçalves, A.P., Clark, L.G. (2018) Two new species of Chusquea subg. Swallenochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil, and complete description of C. caparaoensis. Phytotaxa 358: 235–250. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.3.2
QGIS Development Team (2018) QGIS geographic information system 3.4 Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Available from: https://www.qgis.org/ (accessed: 25 November 2019)
Raddi, G. (1823) Agrostografia Brasiliensis: sive enumeratio plantarum ad familias naturales Graminum et ciperoidarum spectantium, quas in Brasilia collegit et descripsit. Tipographia G. Nerici, Lucca, 58 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4436
Radford, A.E., Dickison, W.C., Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. (1974) Vascular plant systematics. Harper and Row, New York, 891 pp.
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Tyrrell, C.D., Londoño, X., Oliveira, R.P. & Clark, L.G. (2021a) Diversity, distribution, and classification of Neotropical woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in the 21st Century. Botanical Sciences 99 (2): 198–228. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2722
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Romero-Guzman, R., Flores-Argüelles, A., Ortiz-Brunel, J.P. & Clark, L.G. (2021b). Chusquea contrerasii and C. guzmanii (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Chusqueinae), two new endemic species from Jalisco, Mexico. Phytotaxa 497 (3): 285–297. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.3.7
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, M.T. & Clark, L.G. (2022) A new species of Chusquea sect. Serpentes (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Chusqueinae) endemic to Mexico. Phytotaxa 542 (2): 199–206. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.2.7
Ruiz-Sanchez, E. Castro-Castro, A. & Clark, L.G. (2022) A new informal group in Chusquea subg. Swallenochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) and emended descriptions for the Mexican endemics C. enigmatica and C. septentrionalis. Phytotaxa 554 (1): 47–58. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.554.1.3
Silva, A.P., Machado, E.P., Clark, L.G. & Santos-Gonçalves, A.P. (2020) Bambusoideae (Poaceae) no Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rodriguésia 71: e03582017. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202071008
Silveira, A.A. (1919) Algumas espécies novas da flora de Minas Gerais. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro 22: 99–103.
Soderstrom, T.R. & Young, S.M. (1983) A guide to collecting bamboos. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 70: 128–136. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399010
Thiers, B. (2023) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed: 5 March 2021).
Vinícius-Silva, R., Fregonezi, J.N., Clark, L.G. & Santos-Gonçalves, A.P. (2021) Recircumscription of three Merostachys species (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Arthrostylidiinae) and description of a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Nordic Journal of Botany 39 (8): e02974. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02974
Vinícius-Silva, R., Clark, L.G., Fregonezi, J.N. & Santos-Gonçalves, A.P. (2021) Two new species of Merostachys (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in the states of Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais. Brittonia 73 (2): 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-020-09642-9
Vidal, K.V.A., Welker, C.A.D., Oliveira, I.L.C., Mota, A.C., Oliveira, R.P. & Clark, L.G. (2018) A new species of Chusquea subg. Chusquea (Poaceae–Bambusoideae–Bambuseae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil: morphological evidence and its phylogenetic placement within the Euchusquea clade. Phytotaxa 365: 73–88. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.365.1.3
Vidal, K.V.A. (2023) Estudos taxonômicos e filogenéticos em Chusquea Kunth (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), com ênfase nas espécies brasileiras De C. subg. Chusquea. Dissertation, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, 186 pp.
Vidal, K.V.A., Souza, M.J.O., Welker, C.A.D., Oliveira, I.L.C., Clark, L.G. & Oliveira, R.P. (2023) Chusquea calderoniae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species of C. subg. Chusquea endemic to the Espinhaço Range, Brazil. Phytotaxa 579 (4): 255–266. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.579.4.3
Vorontsova, M.S., Clark, L.G., Dransfield, J., Govaerts, R., Baker, W.J. (2016) World Checklist of Bamboos and Rattans. INBAR Technical Report No. 37. China: International Network of Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing, 511 pp.
Wysocki, W.P., Clark, L.G., Attigala, L., Ruiz-Sanchez, E. & Duvall, M.R. (2015) Evolution of the bamboos (Bambusoideae; Poaceae): a full plastome phylogenomic analysis. BMC Evolutionary Biology 15: 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0321-5