Abstract
Bronwenia has about 11 species whose current delimitation is the result of a complicated taxonomic history marked by recent evolutionary hypotheses in Malpighiaceae. Therefore, there is a need for approaches that contribute to circumscribing the group and distinguishing the species. Thus, the aim of this work was to prove the effectiveness of leaf anatomy in this purpose and point out the characters that distinguish the species of Bronwenia. Plant anatomy techniques were used and the coded anatomical characters were plotted in a binary matrix and interpreted in a cluster analysis, using UPGMA. The relevant characters to distinguish the taxa were: petiole contour, petiole/midrib vascular system conformation, presence or absence malpighiaceous trichomes and laticifers. While the remaining characters occur widely in the group and can be used in future approaches to distinguish Bronwenia from other related genera, including Diplopterys and Banisteriopsis, which previously constituted a single genus. Therefore, leaf anatomy represents relevance in the taxonomy of Bronwenia and can direct evolutionary hypotheses for Malpighiaceae.
References
Almeida, R.F., Guesdon, I.R., Pace, M.R. & Meira, R.M.S. (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species. PhytoKeys 117: 45–72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.117.32207
Amorim, A. & Marinho, L. (2020) Taxonomic Novelties in Heteropterys Group Aptychia (Malpighiaceae). From The Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Edimburgo Journal of Botany 77: 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428619000374
Anderson, W.R. (1979) Mcvaughia, a new genus of Malpighiaceae from Brazil. Taxon 28: 157–161. https://doi.org/10.2307/1219571
Anderson, W.R. & Davis, C.C. (2007) Generic adjustments in neotropical Malpighiaceae. Contributions From The University of Michigan Herbarium 25: 137–166.
Araújo, J.S., Azevedo, A.A., Silva, L.C. & Meira, R.M.S.A. (2010) Leaf anatomy as an additional taxonomy tool for 16 species of Malpighiaceae found in the Cerrado area (Brazil). Plant Systematic and Evolution 286: 117–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0268-3
Araújo, J.S. & Meira, R.M.S.A. (2016) Comparative anatomy of calyx and foliar glands of Banisteriopsis CB Rob. (Malpighiaceae). Acta Botanica Brasilica 30: 112–123. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062015abb0248
Araújo, J.S., Almeida, R.F. & Meira, R.M.S.A. (2020) Taxonomic relevance of leaf anatomy in Banisteriopsis C.B. Rob. (Malpighiaceae). Acta Botanica Brasilica 34: 214–228. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062019abb0276
Câmara, A.R.M., Vilarinho, M.P. & Araújo, J.S. (2020) Anatomia foliar como subsídio para a taxonomia do gênero Camarea St.-Hil (Malpighiaceae). Research, Society and Development 9: e1739108525. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8525
Cardoso, C.M.V. & Sajo, M.G. (2006) Nervação foliar em espécies brasileiras de Myrtaceae Adans. Acta Botanica Brasilica 20: 657– 669. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062006000300016
Castro, M.A., Veja, A.S. & Múlgura, M.E. (2001) Structure and ultrastructure of leaf and calyx glands in Galphimia brasiliensis (Malpighiaceae). American Journal of Botany 88: 1935–1944. https://doi.org/10.2307/3558420.
Coutinho, I.A.C., Francino, D.M.T. & Meira, R.M.S.A. (2013) Leaf anatomical studies of Chamaecrista subsect. Baseophyllum (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae): new evidence for the up-ranking of thevarieties to the species level. Plant Systematics and Evolution 299: 1709–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0827-5
Davis, C.C., Anderson, W.R. & Donoghue, M.J. (2001) Phylogeny of Malpighiaceae: evidence from chloroplast ndhF and trnl-F nucleotide sequences. American Journal of Botany 88: 1830–1846. https://doi.org/10.2307/3558360
Davis, C.C. & Anderson, W.R. (2010) A complete generic phylogeny of Malpighiaceae inferred from nucleotide sequence data and morphology. American Journal of Botany 97: 2031–2048. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1000146
Ferreira, C.S., Carmo, W.S.D., Graciano-Ribeiro, D., Oliveira, J.M.F.D., Melo, R.B.D. & Franco, A.C. (2015) Leaf anatomy of eleven dominant woody species in the savannas of Roraima. Acta Amazonica 45: 337–346. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201500363
Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção. (2020) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.
Foster, A.S. (1950) Practical plant anatomy. D. Van Nostrand Co, New York.
Gates, B. (1982) Banisteriopsis, Diplopterys (Malpighiaceae). Flora Neotropica 30: 1–237.
Gavilanes, M.L., Silva, A.M., Dias, M.V.F., Oliveira, J.A., Corrêa, F.F., Rodrigues, L.C.A. & Duarte, V.P. (2020) Leaf structure of Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth. (Malpighiaceae) in a savannah and rupestrian field environment. Research, Society and Development 9: e14991210077. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.10077
Guimarães, A.L.A., Costa, R.P.C., Cabral, L.M. & Vieira, A.C.M. (2016) Comparative anatomy and chemical analysis of the vegetative organs of three species of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae). Flora 224: 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2016.07.001
Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellog, E.A. & Stevens, P.F. (1999) Plant Systematics: a phylogenetic approach. Sunderland Sinauer Associates.
Kraus, J.E. & Arduin, M. (1997) Manual básico de métodos em morfologia vegetal. Rio de Janeiro, Editora da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro.
Lima, C.S., Silva, A.K., Vilarinho, M.P., Sousa, L.C.S., Santos, J.V.C. & Araújo, J.S. (2021) Comparative leaf anatomy in Ptilochaetoids clade (Malpighiaceae): A taxonomic and phylogenetic approach. Research, Society and Development 10: e18410514756. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.14756
Mamede, H.C. (1993) Anatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de Camarea (Malpighiaceae). Acta Botanica Brasilica 7: 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33061993000100001
Mamede, M.C.H. (2015) Bronwenia. In: Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil2015.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB8818 (accessed 9 June 2023)
Matos, R.R., Silva, N.P.P. & Araújo, J.S. (2022) Leaf anatomy of Barnebya (Malpighiaceae), an endemic genus of Brazil. Research, Society and Development 11: e47011325823. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.25823
Matos, R.R. & Araújo, J.S. (2021) Morfoanatomia das glândulas foliares e calicinais de Stigmaphyllon A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae): evidências funcionais, contribuições taxonômicas e evolutivas. Hoehnea 48: e282021. https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-28/2021
Mello, A.C.M.P., Almeida, R.F., Amorim, A.M.A. & Oliveira, D.M.T. (2019) Leaf structure in Amorimia and closely related neotropical genera and implications for their systematics and leaf evolution in Malpighiaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 191: 102–127. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz028
Metcalfe, C.R. & Chalk, L. (1950) Anatomy of the dicotyledons: leaves, stem and wood in relation to taxonomy with notes on economic uses, vol. I. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Metcalfe, C.R. & Chalk, L. (1979) Anatomy of the dicotyledons: systematic anatomy of leaf and stem with a brief history of the subject, vol 1, 2nd edn. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Pace, M.R., Cunha Neto, I.L., Santos-Silva, L.N.N., Melo-de-Pinna, G.F.A., Rodríguez, P.A., Almeida, R.F., Amorim, A.M. & Angyalossy, V. (2019) First report of laticifers in lianas of Malpighiaceae and their phylogenetic implications. American Journal of Botany 106: 1156–1172. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1350
Santos, J.V.C., Oliveira, M.F.V., Filho, F.S.S., Silva, L.N.N.S. & Araújo, J.S. (2020) The taxonomic value of leaf anatomy in Byrsonima species: a difficult genus of Malpighiaceae Juss. Acta Botanica Brasilica 34: 570–579. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062020abb0144
Silva, L.N.N.S., Vilarinho, M.P., Araújo, J.S. & Santos-Filho, F.S. (2020) New records of Bronwenia megaptera (B. Gates) W. R. Anderson & C. C. Davis for the State of Piauí, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 13: 2233–2240. https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v13.5.p2233-2240
Solereder, H. (1908) Systematic anatomy of the dicotyledons, vol 2. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Smith, F.H. & Smith, E.C. (1942) Anatomy of the inferior ovary of Darbya. American Journal of Botany 29: 464–471. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1942.tb10236.x
Subramanian, R.B., Arumugasamy, K. & Inamdar, J.A. (1990) Studies in the secretory glands of Hiptage sericea (Malpighiaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 10: 57–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb01753.x
Reis, C., Proença, S.L. & Sajo, M.G. (2004) Vascularização o foliar e anatomia do pecíolo de Melastomataceae do cerrado do estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 18: 987–999. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062004000400029.
Thadeo, M., Azevedo, A.A. & Meira, R.M.S.A. (2014) Foliar anatomy of neotropical Salicaceae: potentially useful characters for taxonomy. Plant Systematics and Evolution 300: 2073–2089. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1037-5
Thiers, B. (2023) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 5 February 2020)
Vega, A.S., Castro, M.A. & Anderson, W.R. (2002) Occurrence and phylogenetic significance of latex in the Malpighiaceae. American Journal of Botany 89: 1725–1729. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.89.11.1725
Vilarinho, M.V., Silva, A.K., Lima, C.S., Ferreira, N.S.C., Santos, J.V.C. & Araújo, J.S. (2023) New contributions of comparative leaf anatomy to the phylogeny of Stigmaphylloids (Malpighiaceae Juss.). Flora 298: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2022.152194