Abstract
Goodyera medogensis H.Z. Tian, Y.H. Tong & B.M. Wang, a recently described species of ‘Jewel orchid’ from China is reduced as a variety under Goodyera alveolata Pradhan. The morphological differences between G. medogensis and G. alveolata are not enough to treat G. medogensis as a distinct species, but as a variety. Molecular phylogenetic results based on one nuclear (ITS) and two plastid markers (matK and trnL-F) also showed close affinity between these two taxa.
References
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Nguyen, L.T., Schmidt, H.A., Von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2015) IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Molecular Biology and Evolution </em></span><span style="color: #010003;">32 (1): 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Pradhan, U.C. (1975) A New Species of </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Goodyera</em></span><span style="color: #010003;">. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Orchid Digest</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 39 (4): 133. 1975.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Pradhan, U.C. (1979) </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Indian Orchids: Guide to Identification & Culture, vol. 2.</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> Self-Published, Kalimpong.</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Systematic Biology</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Talavera, G. & Castresana, J. (2007) Improvement of phylogenies after removing divergent and ambiguously aligned blocks from protein sequence alignments. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Systematic Biology</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 56 (4): 564–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701472164</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G. & Gibson, T.J. (1994) CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Nucleic Acids Research</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 22 (22): 4673–4680. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Tong, Y.H., Sun, M., Wang, B.M. & Tian, H.Z. (2022) </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Goodyera medogensis</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> (Orchidaceae), a new species from Tibet, China. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>PhytoKeys </em></span><span style="color: #010003;">189: 141–154. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.77374</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Toth, E.G., Tremblay, F., Housset, J.M., Bergeron, Y. & Carcaillet, C. (2019) Geographic isolation and climatic variability contribute to genetic differentiation in fragmented populations of the long-lived subalpine conifer Pinus cembra L. in the western Alps. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>BMC Evolutionary Biology</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 19: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1510-4</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Jiang, X.L., An, M., Zheng, S.S., Deng, M. & Su, Z.H. (2018) Geographical isolation and environmental heterogeneity contribute to the spatial genetic patterns of </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Quercus kerrii</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> (Fagaceae). </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Heredity</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 120 (3): 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-017-0012-7</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Ye, M., Liu, W., Xue, Q., Hou, B., Luo, J. & Ding, X. (2017) Phylogeography of the endangered orchid </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Dendrobium moniliforme</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> in East Asia inferred from chloroplast DNA sequences. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Mitochondrial DNA Part A</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 28 (6): 880–891. https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2016.1202942</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Pinheiro, F., Cozzolino, S., de Barros, F., Gouveia, T.M., Suzuki, R.M., Fay, M.F. & Palma‐Silva, C. (2013) Phylogeographic structure and outbreeding depression reveal early stages of reproductive isolation in the Neotropical orchid </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Epidendrum denticulatum</em></span><span style="color: #010003;">. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Evolution</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 67 (7): 2024–2039. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12085</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Nair, R.R., Karumathil, S., Udayan, P.S., Prakashkumar, R.P. & Sérsic, A.N. (2019) Evolutionary history of </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Kingiodendron pinnatum</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> (Fabaceae: Caesalpinoideae), an endangered species of the Western Ghats, India: a phylogeographical approach. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 126 (4): 688–705. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz004</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Shaw, J., Shafer, H.L., Leonard, O.R., Kovach, M.J., Schorr, M. & Morris, A.B. (2014) Chloroplast DNA sequence utility for the lowest phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences in angiosperms: the tortoise and the hare IV. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>American Journal of Botany</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 101 (11): 1987–2004. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400398</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Suetsugu, K., Hirota, S.K., Nakato, N., Suyama, Y. & Serizawa, S. (2022) Morphological, ecological, and molecular phylogenetic approaches reveal species boundaries and evolutionary history of </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Goodyera crassifolia</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae) and its closely related taxa. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>PhytoKeys</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 212: 111–134. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.212.91536</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: A User-Friendly Biological Sequence Alignment Editor and Analysis Program for Windows 95/98/NT. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 41: 95–98.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Hu, C., Tian, H., Li, H., Hu, A., Xing, F., Bhattacharjee, A., Hsu, T., Kumar, P. & Chung, S. (2016) Phylogenetic analysis of a ‘Jewel Orchid’ genus </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Goodyera</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> (Orchidaceae) based on DNA sequence data from Nuclear and Plastid regions. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>PLoS ONE </em></span><span style="color: #010003;">11 (2): e0150366. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150366</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">King, G. & Pantling, R. (1896) New Orchids from Sikkim. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Part 2, Natural History</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 64: 329–344. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Lanfear, R., Frandsen, P.B., Wright, A.M., Senfeld, T. & Calcott, B. (2017) PartitionFinder 2: new methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution for molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 34 (3): 772–773. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw260</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Nguyen, L.T., Schmidt, H.A., Von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2015) IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Molecular Biology and Evolution </em></span><span style="color: #010003;">32 (1): 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Pradhan, U.C. (1975) A New Species of </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Goodyera</em></span><span style="color: #010003;">. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Orchid Digest</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 39 (4): 133. 1975.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Pradhan, U.C. (1979) </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Indian Orchids: Guide to Identification & Culture, vol. 2.</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> Self-Published, Kalimpong.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Rambaut, A. (2016) FigTree 1.4.3. Computer program distributed by the author. [http://tree.bio. ed.ac.uk/software/figtree]</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Systematic Biology</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Talavera, G. & Castresana, J. (2007) Improvement of phylogenies after removing divergent and ambiguously aligned blocks from protein sequence alignments. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Systematic Biology</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 56 (4): 564–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701472164</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G. & Gibson, T.J. (1994) CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Nucleic Acids Research</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 22 (22): 4673–4680. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Tong, Y.H., Sun, M., Wang, B.M. & Tian, H.Z. (2022) </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Goodyera medogensis</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> (Orchidaceae), a new species from Tibet, China. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>PhytoKeys </em></span><span style="color: #010003;">189: 141–154. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.77374</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Toth, E.G., Tremblay, F., Housset, J.M., Bergeron, Y. & Carcaillet, C. (2019) Geographic isolation and climatic variability contribute to genetic differentiation in fragmented populations of the long-lived subalpine conifer Pinus cembra L. in the western Alps. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>BMC Evolutionary Biology</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 19: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1510-4</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Jiang, X.L., An, M., Zheng, S.S., Deng, M. & Su, Z.H. (2018) Geographical isolation and environmental heterogeneity contribute to the spatial genetic patterns of </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Quercus kerrii</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> (Fagaceae). </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Heredity</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 120 (3): 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-017-0012-7</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Ye, M., Liu, W., Xue, Q., Hou, B., Luo, J. & Ding, X. (2017) Phylogeography of the endangered orchid </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Dendrobium moniliforme</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> in East Asia inferred from chloroplast DNA sequences. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Mitochondrial DNA Part A</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 28 (6): 880–891. https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2016.1202942</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Pinheiro, F., Cozzolino, S., de Barros, F., Gouveia, T.M., Suzuki, R.M., Fay, M.F. & Palma‐Silva, C. (2013) Phylogeographic structure and outbreeding depression reveal early stages of reproductive isolation in the Neotropical orchid </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Epidendrum denticulatum</em></span><span style="color: #010003;">. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Evolution</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 67 (7): 2024–2039. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12085</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Nair, R.R., Karumathil, S., Udayan, P.S., Prakashkumar, R.P. & Sérsic, A.N. (2019) Evolutionary history of </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Kingiodendron pinnatum</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> (Fabaceae: Caesalpinoideae), an endangered species of the Western Ghats, India: a phylogeographical approach. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 126 (4): 688–705. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz004</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Shaw, J., Shafer, H.L., Leonard, O.R., Kovach, M.J., Schorr, M. & Morris, A.B. (2014) Chloroplast DNA sequence utility for the lowest phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences in angiosperms: the tortoise and the hare IV. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>American Journal of Botany</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 101 (11): 1987–2004. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400398</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #010003;">Suetsugu, K., Hirota, S.K., Nakato, N., Suyama, Y. & Serizawa, S. (2022) Morphological, ecological, and molecular phylogenetic approaches reveal species boundaries and evolutionary history of </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>Goodyera crassifolia</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae) and its closely related taxa. </span><span style="color: #010003;"><em>PhytoKeys</em></span><span style="color: #010003;"> 212: 111–134. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.212.91536</span></span></span></span></p>