Abstract
Ophiopogon muongnhensis, a new species from Dien Bien Province, NW Vietnam, is described and illustrated. In having slenderly petioled clavate leaves it is most similar to O. griffithii originally described from NE India, but clearly distinguishable mainly by its wider (1.8–2.9 vs. 0.3–1.9 cm) leaf blades, wider (3.5–7.5 vs. 2–2.8 mm), obliquely (vs. explanately) expanded perianth lobes, and free narrowly deltoid (vs. laterally connate, linear-lanceolate) anthers. Notes on the habitat, conservation status, phenology, and taxonomic relationships with congeners were also provided.
References
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #050000;"><span lang="en-GB">Andrews, H.C. (1810) </span></span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Peliosanthes teta</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Botanists’ repository, for new, and rare plants</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 9: t. 605. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108763#page/2/mode/1up]</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Averyanov, L.V., Tanaka, N., Nguyen, K.S. & Nguyen, H.T. (2016) New species of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Ophiopogon</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> and </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Peliosanthes</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Asparageceae) from Laos and Vietnam. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Taiwania</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 61 (3): 201–217. [https://taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/pdf/tai.2016.61.201.pdf]</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB">Don, D. (1825) </span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB"><em>Prodromus </em></span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="ja-JP"><em>f</em></span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB"><em>lorae Nepalensis</em></span></span><span lang="en-GB"><em>.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Veneunt Apud J. Gale, Londoni, 256 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/1820#page/2/mode/1up]</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Hooker, J.D. (1892) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora of British India</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 6</span><span lang="ja-JP"> (18)</span><span lang="en-GB">. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 225–448. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13819#page/2/mode/1up]</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">IUCN (2019) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Commit</span><span lang="ja-JP">t</span><span lang="en-GB">ee. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Ker Gawler, J.B. (1807) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Ophiopogon</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Curtis’s Botanical Magazine</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 27: t. 1063. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/472608#page/9/mode/1up]</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Kim, J.H., Kim, D.K., Forest, F., Fay, M.F. & Chase, M.W. (2010) Molecular phylogenetics of Ruscaceae </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>sensu lato</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> and related families (Asparagales) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Annals of Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 106 (5): 775–790. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcq167</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB">Loureiro, J.D. (1790) </span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora Cochinchinensis</em></span></span><em><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB"> 1.</span></span></em><span lang="en-GB"> Typis academicis, Ulyssipone, 353 pp. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Nguyen, K.S., Tanaka, N., Averyanov, L.V., Maisak, T.V., Nguyen, P.H. & Tran, D.B. (2021) Two new species, </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Ophiopogon dolichocaulis</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> and </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>O. trigonantherus</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Asparagaceae), from northern Vietnam. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytotaxa</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 523 (4): 291–298. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.523.4.3</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Reveal, J.L. (2012) An outline of a classification scheme for extant flowering plants. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytoneuron</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 37: 1−221. [https://www.phytoneuron.net/PhytoN-Magnoliidae.pdf]</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Tanaka, N. (1999) Taxo</span><span lang="ja-JP">n</span><span lang="en-GB">omic </span><span lang="ja-JP">n</span><span lang="en-GB">otes on </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Ophiopogon</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> of South Asia IV. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>The Journal of Japanese Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 74 (6): 321–328. [http://www.jjbotany.com/pdf/JJB_074_321_328.pdf]</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Tanaka, N. (2001) Taxo</span><span lang="ja-JP">n</span><span lang="en-GB">omic </span><span lang="ja-JP">n</span><span lang="en-GB">otes on </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Ophiopogon</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Convallariaceae) of East Asia (III). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>The Journal of Japanese Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 76 (4): 205–218. [http://www.jjbotany.com/pdf/JJB_076_205_218.pdf] </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ja-JP">Tanaka, N. & Nguyen, K.S. (2023) </span><span lang="en-GB">Nolinoideae (Asparagaceae) in APG III needs replacing with Convallarioideae</span><span lang="ja-JP">. </span><span lang="ja-JP"><em>Phytotaxa</em></span><span lang="ja-JP"> 583 (3): 297</span><span lang="en-GB">−</span><span lang="ja-JP">299.</span><span lang="en-GB"> https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.5</span><span lang="ja-JP">83</span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="ja-JP">3</span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="ja-JP">9</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Thiers, B. (2023 [continuously updated]) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 10 February 2023).</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB">Wang, </span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="ja-JP">F</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB">.T. &</span></span> <span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB">Tang, T. (eds</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="ja-JP">.</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB">)</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="ja-JP"> (1978)</span></span> <span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em></span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB"> 15. Science Press, Beijing</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="ja-JP">, 280 pp. </span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Averyanov, L.V., Tanaka, N., Nguyen, K.S. & Nguyen, H.T. (2016) New species of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Ophiopogon</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> and </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Peliosanthes</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Asparageceae) from Laos and Vietnam. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Taiwania</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 61 (3): 201–217. [https://taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/pdf/tai.2016.61.201.pdf]</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ja-JP">Baker, J.G. (1875) Revision of the genera and species of Asparagaceae. </span><span lang="ja-JP"><em>Journal of the Linnean society, Botany</em></span><span lang="ja-JP"> 14: 508</span><span lang="en-GB">–</span><span lang="ja-JP">632 plus 2 plates.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Beentje, H. (2016) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>The Kew </em></span><span lang="ja-JP"><em>p</em></span><span lang="en-GB"><em>lant </em></span><span lang="ja-JP"><em>g</em></span><span lang="en-GB"><em>lossary, an illustrated dictionary of plant terms</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (second edition, illus. by Williamson J.). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</span><span lang="ja-JP">, </span><span lang="en-GB">Kew Publishing, 184 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Chase, M.W., Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009) A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society </em></span><span lang="en-GB">161: 132–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Dahlgren, R.M.T., Clifford, H.T. & Yeo, P.F. (1985) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>The </em></span><span lang="ja-JP"><em>f</em></span><span lang="en-GB"><em>amilies of the </em></span><span lang="ja-JP"><em>m</em></span><span lang="en-GB"><em>onocotyledons</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 520 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB">Don, D. (1825) </span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB"><em>Prodromus </em></span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="ja-JP"><em>f</em></span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB"><em>lorae Nepalensis</em></span></span><span lang="en-GB"><em>.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Veneunt Apud J. Gale, Londoni, 256 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/1820#page/2/mode/1up]</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Fischer, E. (2015) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnoliopsida (Angiosperms) p.p.: Subclass Magnoliidae [Amborellanae to Magnolianae, Lilianae p.p. (Acorales to Asparagales)]</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Frey, W. (ed.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Syllabus of plant families. Adolf Engler’s Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, 13</span><sup><span lang="en-GB">th</span></sup><span lang="en-GB"> ed. Vol. 4. </span><span lang="ja-JP">Borntraeger, Stuttgart, 495 pp. [pp. </span><span lang="en-GB">111–466.]</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Hooker, J.D. (1892) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora of British India</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 6</span><span lang="ja-JP"> (18)</span><span lang="en-GB">. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 225–448. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13819#page/2/mode/1up]</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">IUCN (2019) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Commit</span><span lang="ja-JP">t</span><span lang="en-GB">ee. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Ker Gawler, J.B. (1807) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Ophiopogon</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Curtis’s Botanical Magazine</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 27: t. 1063. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/472608#page/9/mode/1up]</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Kim, J.H., Kim, D.K., Forest, F., Fay, M.F. & Chase, M.W. (2010) Molecular phylogenetics of Ruscaceae </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>sensu lato</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> and related families (Asparagales) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Annals of Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 106 (5): 775–790. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcq167</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB">Loureiro, J.D. (1790) </span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora Cochinchinensis</em></span></span><em><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB"> 1.</span></span></em><span lang="en-GB"> Typis academicis, Ulyssipone, 353 pp. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Nguyen, K.S., Tanaka, N., Averyanov, L.V., Maisak, T.V., Nguyen, P.H. & Tran, D.B. (2021) Two new species, </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Ophiopogon dolichocaulis</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> and </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>O. trigonantherus</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Asparagaceae), from northern Vietnam. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytotaxa</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 523 (4): 291–298. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.523.4.3</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Reveal, J.L. (2012) An outline of a classification scheme for extant flowering plants. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytoneuron</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 37: 1−221. [https://www.phytoneuron.net/PhytoN-Magnoliidae.pdf]</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Tanaka, N. (1999) Taxo</span><span lang="ja-JP">n</span><span lang="en-GB">omic </span><span lang="ja-JP">n</span><span lang="en-GB">otes on </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Ophiopogon</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> of South Asia IV. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>The Journal of Japanese Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 74 (6): 321–328. [http://www.jjbotany.com/pdf/JJB_074_321_328.pdf]</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Tanaka, N. (2001) Taxo</span><span lang="ja-JP">n</span><span lang="en-GB">omic </span><span lang="ja-JP">n</span><span lang="en-GB">otes on </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Ophiopogon</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Convallariaceae) of East Asia (III). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>The Journal of Japanese Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 76 (4): 205–218. [http://www.jjbotany.com/pdf/JJB_076_205_218.pdf] </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ja-JP">Tanaka, N. & Nguyen, K.S. (2023) </span><span lang="en-GB">Nolinoideae (Asparagaceae) in APG III needs replacing with Convallarioideae</span><span lang="ja-JP">. </span><span lang="ja-JP"><em>Phytotaxa</em></span><span lang="ja-JP"> 583 (3): 297</span><span lang="en-GB">−</span><span lang="ja-JP">299.</span><span lang="en-GB"> https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.5</span><span lang="ja-JP">83</span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="ja-JP">3</span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="ja-JP">9</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Thiers, B. (2023 [continuously updated]) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 10 February 2023).</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB">Wang, </span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="ja-JP">F</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB">.T. &</span></span> <span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB">Tang, T. (eds</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="ja-JP">.</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB">)</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="ja-JP"> (1978)</span></span> <span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em></span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="en-GB"> 15. Science Press, Beijing</span></span><span style="color: #231f20;"><span lang="ja-JP">, 280 pp. </span></span></span></span></span></p>