A taxonomic revision of Taraxacum sect. Dissecta, a continental steppe group common in Siberia and adjacent regions of Central Asia

JAN KIRSCHNER; JAN ŠTĚPÁNEK

doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.590.1.1

Issue: Vol. 590 No. 1: 29 March 2023

Type: Monograph

Published: 2023-03-29

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.590.1.1

Page range: 1-67

Abstract views: 56

PDF downloaded: 6

**A taxonomic revision of Taraxacum sect. Dissecta, a continental steppe group common in Siberia and adjacent regions of Central Asia**

JAN KIRSCHNER⁺⁻
JAN ŠTĚPÁNEK⁺⁻

Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-25243 Průhonice 1, Czech Republic

Taraxacum Steppe North Asia Siberia the Altai Mts Taxonomy Continental migrants Eudicots

Requires Subscription or Fee PDF (52MB)

Abstract

Steppe and similar habitats in southern Siberia, Mongolia and adjacent regions harbour a considerable diversity of Taraxacum sect. Dissecta (Asteraceae, Crepidinae); its taxonomic revision is presented. A thorough study of live and herbarium plants revealed 30 species that belong, or are very close, to T. sect. Dissecta; seven species were known previously and 23 are described as new, mostly from the Altai Republic, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Lake Baikal and Bratsk. Their distribution includes the Asiatic part of Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia and Xinjiang, China. The name T. dissectum (Ledeb.) Ledeb. is relegated to the synonymy of T. pubescens (Fr.) Fr. A detailed analysis of the original material of the name T. collinum revealed that it consists of mostly juvenile plants belonging to several species of T. sect. Dissecta, and that it requires further study on newly collected material. The frequently reported occurrence of T. sect. Dissecta (as T. dissectum) in the European mountain ranges was reassessed. The reports from the Pyrenees belong to T. pyrenaicum and related species of T. sect. Obliqua. Two mutually similar species, often referred to as T. dissectum, recognized as T. aquilonare Hand.-Mazz. and T. zermattense Dahlst., were studied in order to reconsider the hypothesis that they represent T. sect. Dissecta in the Alps. On the basis of morphological and phytogeographical data, we present this hypothesis as quite plausible but requiring experimental, phylogeographic evidence; a full treatment of both species is also given. The name T. compactum is typified and the species is excluded from T. sect. Dissecta; it belongs to T. sect. Qaisera.

References

Aeschimann, D. & Burdet, H.M. (1994) Flore de la Suisse. Ed. 2. Edition du Griffon, Neuchâtel, 603 pp.
Besser, W. (1834) Ueber die Flora des Baikals. Beiblätter zur Flora oder allgemeinen botanischen Zeitung 17 (1): 1–30 [on pages 1–2, there is a supplementary note by Turczaninow, and pages 4–28 include Enumeratio Plantarum phanerogamarum et Filicum florae Baicalensis, cura Turtschaninof]. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/922#page/1/mode/1up]
Braun-Blanquet, J. (1961) Die inneralpine Trockenvegetation: von der Provence bis zur Steiermark. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, 273 pp.
Candolle, A.P. de (1838) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, vol. 7 (1). Treuttel & Würtz, Parisiis, 330 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7156#page/5/mode/1up]
Chytrý, M., Horsák, M., Danihelka, J., Ermakov, N., German, D.A., Hájek, M., Hájková, P., Kočí,M., Kubešová, S., Lustyk, P., Nekola, J.C., Pavelková Řičánková, V., Preislerová, Z., Resl, P. & Valachovič, M. (2019) A modern analogue of the Pleistocene steppe-tundra ecosystem in southern Siberia. Boreas 48: 36–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12338
Dahlstedt, H. (1907) Ueber einige im Bergianschen botanischen Garten in Stockholm kultivierte Taraxaca. Acta Horti Bergiani 4 (2): 1–31, 2 plates. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96779#page/5/mode/1up]
Dalla Torre, C.W. & Sarnthein, L. (1912) Flora von Tirol. VI. Band Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen (Pteridophyta et Siphonogama) von Tirol, Vorarlberg und Liechtensten. Vol. 3. Verlag der Wagner’schen k. k. Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Innsbruck, 956 pp. [https://www.zobodat.at/publikation_articles.php?id=179763]
Doll, R. (1973) Neue Taraxacum-Arten aus der UdSSR. Feddes Repertorium 83: 495–500, Plates XVI–XIX. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19730830705
Doll, R. (1982) Grundriß der Evolution der Gattung Taraxacum Zinn. Feddes Repertorium 93: 481–624. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19820930702
Fries, E.M. (1814, May 11] Novitiae florae svecicae. Partic 1. In Lyceo Carolino die xi Maji mdcccxiv, Berling, Lundae, pp. 11–22. 
Fries, E.M. (1828) Novitiae florae suecicae. Edit. altera, auctior et in formam commentarii in cel. Wahlenbergii floram suecicam redacta. Berling, Lund, 306 pp.
Fries, E.M. (1843) Novitiarum florae suecicae mantissa tertia & Continuationes. Partic. IV–VI. Berling, Lund, pp. 49–96.
Fürnkranz, D. (1965) Einige Chromosomenzahlen von Pflanzen aus der Österreichischen Alpen. Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 112: 421–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01372962
Ge, X.J., Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (2011) Taraxacum F. H. Wiggers. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) Flora of China, vols. 20–21. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis & Science Press, Beijing, pp. 270–325. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10074
Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1907) Monographie der Gattung Taraxacum. Franz Deuticke, Leipzig & Wien, xi + 175 pp. + 7 plates. [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/10236]
Hess, H.E. (1998) Bestimmungsschlüssel zur Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete. Ed. 4. Birkhäuser Verlag, AG, Basel, Boston & Berlin, 659 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7801-2
Ivanova, M.S. (2011) Novye dannye po sistematike roda Taraxacum Wigg. Altaiskoi gornoi strany [New data on the systematics of Taraxacum in the Altai]. Turczaninowia 14 (1): 8–9.
Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., Eggenberg, S. (2017) Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora, Genève, 380 pp.
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1996) Modes of speciation and evolution of sections in Taraxacum. Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica 31: 415–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02815386
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1997) A nomenclatural checklist of supraspecific names in Taraxacum. Taxon 46: 87–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/1224294
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (2004) New sections in Taraxacum. Folia Geobotanica 39: 259–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02804781
Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J., Klimeš, L., Dvorský, M., Brůna, J., Macek, M. & Kopecký, M. (2020) The Taraxacum flora of Ladakh, with notes on the adjacent regions of the West Himalaya. Phytotaxa 457 (1): 1–409. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.457.1.1
Kirschner, J., Záveská Drábková, L., Štěpánek, J. & Uhlemann, I. (2015) Towards a better understanding of the Taraxacum evolution (Compositae-Cichorieae) on the basis of nrDNA of sexually reproducing species. Plant Systematics & Evolution 301: 1135–1156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1139-0
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1985) “Taraxacum hoppeanum” and its allies (Studies in Taraxacum 4.). Preslia 57: 111–134.
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1996) Interpretation of some older Taraxacum names from Asia. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 53 (2): 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428600002869
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1997) A nomenclatural checklist of supraspecific names in Taraxacum. Taxon 46: 87–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/1224294
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (2004) New sections in Taraxacum. Folia Geobotanica 39: 259–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02804781
Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (2005) Dandelions in Central Asia: Taraxacum sect. Suavia. Preslia 77: 263–276. http://www.preslia.cz/P053CKir.pdf
Kirschner, J., Štepánek, J. & Greuter, W. (2007+) Taraxacum.—In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (ed.): Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase—the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/ (accessed 28 Jan 2022).
Krahulcová, A. (1993) New chromosome numbers in Taraxacum with reference to SAT-chromosomes. Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica 28 (3): 289–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853516
Krasnikov, A.A. (1997) 88. Taraxacum Wigg.—Oduvančik. In: Krasnoborov, I.M. (ed.) Flora Sibiri, Vol. 13. Nauka, Novosibirsk, pp. 263–295.
Krylov, P.N. [Крылов, П.Н.] (1949) Flora zapadnoi Sibiri [Флора Западной Сибири], vol. 11, Campanulaceae—Compositae. Руководство к определению западно-сибирских растений [A guide to the identification of the West-Siberian plants], Ed. 2. TGU, Tomsk [ТГУ, Томск], 470 pp.
Kurbatskiy, V.I. (1980) 54. Taraxacum Wigg. Oduvanchik. In: Polozhiy, A.V., Flora Krasnoyarskogo Kraya, Vol. 10. Izdatel’stvo TGU, Tomsk, pp. 100–109, pp. 118.
Kuvaev, V.B. (1987) Novyi vid oduvanchika (Taraxacum Wigg., Asteraceae) iz Tsentral’noi Yakuyii [A new dandelion species from Central Sakha Republic]. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rasteniy 24: 203–205.
Ledebour, C.F. (1815) Decades sex plantarum novarum in Imperio Rossico indigenarum. Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg, sér. 5, 5: 514–578. 
Ledebour, C.F. (1846) Flora rossica sive enumeratio plantarum in totius imperii rossici provinciis europaeis, asiaticis, et americanis hucusque observatarum [...], Vol. 2 (2), part 7. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgartiae, pp. 719–937.
Meyer, C.A. (1831) Cyperaceae novae descriptionibus et iconibus illustratae. Mémoires présentés a l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg par Divers Savans et lus dans ses assemblées 1: 195–230 + 14 Plates.
Schischkin, B.K. (1949a) Novye altaiskie vidy oduvanchika [New Taraxacum species from the Altai]. Sistematicheskie zametki po materialam gerbaria im. P. N. Krylova pri Tomskom Gosudarstvennom Universitete 19 (1–2): 5–8.
Schischkin, B.K. (1949b) 669. Taraxacum L. Oduvanchik.—In: Krylov, P., Schischkin, B.K., Sergievskaya, L.P., Steinberg, E.I. & Krascheninnikov, I.M., Flora Zapadnoi Sibiri, vol. 11, Campanulaceae—Compositae. TGU, Tomsk, & Botanical Section of Tomsk Society of Naturalists, Tomsk, pp. 2995–3009.
Schischkin, B.K. [& Tzvelev, N.N. (ed.)] (1964) Rod 1667. Oduvanchik—Taraxacum Wigg. In: Komarov, V.L. (Ed.) Flora SSSR, Vol. 29. Nauka, Moskva & Leningrad, pp. 405–560, 728–754.
Schwabe, A. & Kratochwil, A. (2012) Die inneralpine Trockenvegetation: von Josias Braun-Blanquet bis zu den “Valori di Bioindicatione” von Sandro Pignatti. Berichte der Reinhold-Tüxen-Gesellschaft 24: 122–139. 
Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2022) Taraxacum sect. Erythrocarpa in Europe in the Alps and eastwards: A revision of a precursor group of relicts. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 7–52. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.2
Thiers, B. (2014+) [continuously updated] Index herbariorum. A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Published at: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 10 April 2021).
Turczaninow, N. (1856) Flora Baicalensi-Dahurica seu descriptio plantarum in regionibus cis- et transbaicalensibus atque in Dahuria sponte nascentium .... Vol. 2 (1). Typis Universitatis Cesareae, A. Semen, Mosquae, 374 pp. [Taraxacum: pp. 151–155]. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6632]
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. [Regnum Vegetabile 159] Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Tzvelev, N.N. (1987) Rod Taraxacum Wigg. (Asteraceae) v Tsentralnoi Azii [Taraxacum in Central Asia]. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rasteniy 24: 205–222.
Tzvelev, N.N. & Jurtzev, B.A. (1984) Novye vidi oduvanchikov (Taraxacum Wigg., Asteraceae) flory SSSR [New species of dandelions of the flora of the USSR]. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rasteniy 21: 187–202
van Soest, J.L. (1966) New species of Taraxacum from Asia I, II. Proceedings, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, ser. C, 69: 364–377 (I) & 378–388 (II).
van Soest, J.L. (1969) Die Taraxacum-Arten der Schweiz. Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes der Eidg. Techn. Hochschule, Stiftung Rübel, in Zürich 42: 5–247.
Záveská Drábková, L., Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J., Záveský, L. & Vlček, Č. (2009) Analysis of nrDNA polymorphism in closely related diploid sexual, tetraploid sexual and polyploid agamospermous species. Plant Systematics & Evolution 278: 67–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-008-0134-8