Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2023-03-14
Page range: 149-160
Abstract views: 193
PDF downloaded: 6

A new species of succulent plant discovered in limestone areas of Kyushu, Japan: Sedum kawaraense (Crassulaceae)

Tohoku University Botanical Gardens, 12-2 Kawauchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi, 980-0862 Japan.
IDEA Consultants, Inc., 1–5–12 Higashihama, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 812-0055, Japan.
Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi, Japan.
Kyushu Open University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, 819-0395 Japan.
Crassulaceae East Asia ITS Karst Phylogeny Sedum Stonecrop Eudicots

Abstract

An unknown species of the genus Sedum was discovered in Kawara-dake and Ryu-ga-hana, limestone mountains in Kyushu, Japan. The present study aimed to clarify the taxonomic status of the unknown Sedum species through morphological and ecological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic analysis using ITS sequences based on comprehensive taxon sampling of sect. Sedum in East Asia. Morphologically and ecologically, the unknown species was most similar to S. lipingense in China, but was distinguished by having larger spatulate rosulate leaves and more flowers per flowering stem. Phylogenetically, it belonged to a clade with four Chinese endemics including S. lipingense and two other species widely distributed in East Asia. The clade showed polytomy at the base, but the unknown species was genetically differentiated from the other species. Therefore, we describe the unknown species from Kawara-dake as a new species, S. kawaraense.

References

<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Belote, R.T., Barnett, K., Dietz, M.S., Burkle, L., Jenkins, C.N., Dreiss, L., Aycrigg, J.L. &amp; Aplet, G.H. (2021) Options for prioritizing sites for biodiversity conservation with implications for “30 by 30”. <em>Biological Conservation</em> 264: 109378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109378</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Carrillo-Reyes, P., Sosa, V. &amp; Mort, M.E. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of the Acre clade (Crassulaceae): Dealing with the lack of definitions for <em>Echeveria</em> and <em>Sedum</em>. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 53: 267–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.022</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chung, K.F., Leong, W.C., Rubite, R.R., Repin, R., Kiew, R., Liu, Y. &amp; Peng, C.I. (2014) Phylogenetic analyses of <em>Begonia</em> sect. <em>Coelocentrum</em> and allied limestone species of China shed light on the evolution of Sino-Vietnamese karst flora. <em>Botanical Studies</em> 55 (1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1999-3110-55-1</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Clements, R., Sodhi, N.S., Schilthuizen, M. &amp; Ng, P.K. (2006) Limestone karsts of Southeast Asia: imperiled arks of biodiversity. <em>Bioscience</em> 56 (9): 733–742. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[733:LKOSAI]2.0.CO;2</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Darriba, D., Posada, D., Kozlov, A.M., Stamatakis, A., Morel, B. &amp; Flouri, T. (2020) ModelTest-NG: a new and scalable tool for the selection of DNA and protein evolutionary models. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 37 (1):291–294. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz189 </span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fröderström, H. (1931) The genus <em>Sedum</em> L. A systematic essay. <em>Acta Horti Gothoburgensis</em> 6, appendix: 1–111.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fu, S.H. (1965) Species et Combinationes Novae Crassulacearum Sinicarum. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Additamentum</em> 10: 111–128. </span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fu, K.T. &amp; Ohba, H. (2001) Crassulaceae. <em>In</em>: Editorial Committee of Flora of China (ed.) <em>Flora of China</em> 8. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 244–401.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fu, K.T. &amp; Rao, G.Y. (1988) zhong guo jing tian ya shu de xin fen lei qun he ba bao shu yi xin zu he. <em>Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica</em> 8 (2): 116–124.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hayata, B. (1913) <em>Icones Plantarum Formosanarum nec non et Contributiones ad Floram Formosanam 3. </em>The Bureau of Productive Industry, Government of Formosa, Taihoku, 222 pp. + 32 figs.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hance, H.F. (1865) Descriptions of four new plants from southern China. <em>Journal of Botany, British and Foreign</em> 3: 378–381.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ito, T., Chen, R., Yang, Q., Saito, Y., Yokota, M. &amp; Kokubugata, G. (2014) Taxonomic reexamination of <em>Sedum formosanum </em>(Crassulaceae) in Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines based on molecular data. <em>Journal of Phytogeography and Taxonomy </em>62: l–9. </span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ito, T., Yu, C.C., Nakamura, K., Chung, K.F., Yang, Q.E., Fu, C.X., Qi, Z.C. &amp; Kokubugata, G. (2017a) Unique parallel radiations of high-mountainous species of the genus <em>Sedum</em> (Crassulaceae) on the continental island of Taiwan. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 113: 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.03.028</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ito, T., Nakanishi, H., Chichibu, Y., Minoda, K. &amp; Kokubugata, G. (2017b) <em>Sedum danjoense</em> (Crassulaceae), a new species of succulent plants from the Danjo Islands in Japan. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 309 (1): 23–34. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.309.1.2</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ito, T., Yu, C.C., Yokota, M. &amp; Kokubugata, G. (2020a) <em>Sedum formosanum</em> subsp. <em>miyakojimense</em> (Crassulaceae), a new subspecies from Miyako-jima Island of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 148: 51–70. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.48957</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ito, T., Goto, M., Nakano, H. &amp; Kokubugata, G. (2020b) A new species of succulent plants from the Muko-jima group of the Bonin Islands, Japan: <em>Sedum mukojimense</em> (Crassulaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 450 (2): 188–198. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.450.2.4</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">IUCN (2022) <em>The IUCN Red list of the threatened species</em>, version 2022-1. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org (accessed: 22 July 2022).</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. &amp; Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. <em>Briefings in bioinformatics</em> 20 (4): 1160<em>–</em>1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kozlov, A.M., Darriba, D., Flouri, T., Morel, B. &amp; Stamatakis, A. (2019) RAxML-NG: a fast, scalable and user-friendly tool for maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 35 (21): 4453<em>–</em>4455. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz305</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kumagae, N. (2016) <em>Natural history of Kawara-dake</em>. kaichosha, Fukuoka, 231 pp. [in Japanese]</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum </em>1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Makino, T. (1891a) <em>Illustrated flora of Japan</em> I7. Keigyosya, Tokyo, 3 pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Makino, T. (1891b) <em>Illustrated flora of Japan </em>I10. Keigyosya, Tokyo, 2 pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Maximowicz, C. (1888) Diagnoses des plantes nouvelles asiatiques. VII. <em>Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg </em>xxxii: 477–629.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mayuzumi, S. &amp; Ohba, H. (2004) The phylogenetic position of Eastern Asian <em>SeDOI: deae</em> (Crassulaceae) inferred from chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 29: 587<em>–</em>598. https://doi.org/10.1600/0363644041744329</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Messerschmid, T.F., Klein, J.T., Kadereit, G. &amp; Kadereit, J.W. (2020) Linnaeus’s folly–phylogeny, evolution and classification of <em>Sedum</em> (Crassulaceae) and Crassulaceae subfamily Sempervivoideae. <em>Taxon</em> 69 (5): 892<em>–</em>926. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12316</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Migo, H. (1937) Notes on the flora of south-eastern China. (Section III). <em>The Journal of the Shanghai Science Institute</em> 3: 221–228.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Miquel, F.A.G. (1866) Prolusio florae Iaponicae. <em>Annales Musei botanici lugduno-batavi</em> 2: 69–212.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mort, M.E., Soltis, D.E., Soltis, P.S., Francisco-Ortega, J. &amp; Santos-Guerra, A. (2002) Phylogenetics and evolution of the Macaronesian clade of Crassulaceae inferred from nuclear and chloroplast sequence data. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 27: 271–288. </span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Murray, M.G. &amp; Thompson, W.F. (1980) Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 8: 4321–4325. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12316</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nakamura, K., Chung, S.W., Kono, Y., Ho, M.J., Hsu, T.C. &amp; Peng, C.I. (2014) <em>Ixeridium calcicola</em> (Compositae), a new limestone endemic from Taiwan, with notes on its atypical basic chromosome number, phylogenetic affinities, and a limestone refugium hypothesis. <em>PloS one</em> 9 (10): e109797. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12316</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) <em>MrModeltest ver2</em>. Distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ohba, H. (2001) Crassulaceae. <em>In:</em> Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. &amp; Ohba, H. (eds.) <em>Flora of Japan 2b</em>. Kodansha, Tokyo, pp. 21–29.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Praeger, R.Li. (1919) On species of <em>Sedum</em> collected in China by L. H. Bailey in 1917. <em>In Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy</em> 35 B (1): 1–8, + 3 plates.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rambaut, A. (2018) <em>FigTree</em> v1.4.4. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 22 July 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ronquist, F. &amp; Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stephenson, R. (1994) <em>Sedum. cultivated stonecrops</em>. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, 355 pp. </span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tang, W.S. &amp; Huang, T.C. (1993) Crassulaceae. <em>In</em>: Huang, T.C. (eds.) <em>Flora of Taiwan</em> vol. 3. Department of Botany, National Taiwan University, Taipei, pp. 15–34.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thiede, J. &amp; Eggli, U. (2007) Crassulaceae. <em>In</em>: Kubitzki, K. (ed.) <em>The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants </em>vol. 9. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 83–118. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G. &amp; Gibson, T.J. (1994) CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 22: 4673−4680. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Wang, J., Ai, B., Kong, H. &amp; Kang, M. (2017) Speciation history of a species complex of <em>Primulina eburnea</em> (Gesneriaceae) from limestone karsts of southern China, a biodiversity hot spot. <em>Evolutionary applications</em> 10 (9): 919–934. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12495</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Webb, P.B. &amp; Berthelot, S. (1836–1841) <em>Histoire naturelle des Îles Canaries. Tome troisième. Deuxième partie. Phytographia canariensis. Sectio I</em>. Bethune, Paris, 220 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60795</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. &amp; Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.<em> In</em>: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. &amp; White, T.J. (eds.) <em>In PCR Protocols, A Guide to Methods and Applications</em>. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Zhang, R.B., Deng, T., Dou, Q.L., He, L., Lv, X.Y. &amp; Jiang, H. (2019) <em>Sedum lipingense</em> (Crassulaceae) identifying a new stonecrop species in SE Guizhou, China, based on morphological and molecular evidence. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 134: 125–133. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.38287</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Zou, C.Y., Meng, S.Y., Lu, Z.C. &amp; Liu, Y. (2020) <em>Sedum nanlingense</em> (Crassulaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 447 (3): 176–184. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.447.3.3</span></span></span></p>