Abstract
Our field work in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa revealed an undescribed species of Austronea, which approaches A. marginata and related species, but differs in distinct morphological characters and distribution. We here describe Austronea oblongifolia to include plants showing bulbs with compact scales; a single, oblong, apiculate leaf that is appressed to the ground, and is minutely scabridulous on the upper surface with undifferentiated leaf margin; inflorescence subcapitate with a short peduncle; lowermost bracts with a broad spur; and reddish flowers with smooth filaments. We provide a complete morphological description, as well as data on ecology and distribution.
References
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<p>Dold, A.P. & Brink, E. (2004) <em>Drimia chalumnensis</em> (Hyacinthaceae‒Urgineoideae), a new species from Eastern Cape, South Africa. <em>South African Journal of Botany</em> 70 (4): 631–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30202-7</p>
<p>Haworth, A.H. (1826) XLVIII. Decas septima novarum Plantarum Succulentarum. <em>The Philosophical Magazine and Journal</em> 68: 326–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786442608674135</p>
<p>IPNI (Continuously updated) <em>The international plant names index</em>. Available from http://www.ipni.org (accessed 31 January 2023)</p>
<p>Leistner, O.A. & Morris, J.W. (1976) Southern African place names. <em>Annals of the Cape Provincial Museum</em> 12: 1–565.</p>
<p>Lessing, Ch.F. (1832) <em>Synopsis generum Compositarum</em>. Duncker et Humblot, Berlin, 473 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51470</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.37656</p>
<p>Manning, J.C. & Goldblatt, P. (2007) New species of <em>Drimia</em> (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) allied to <em>Drimia marginata</em> from Western and Northern Cape, South Africa. <em>Bothalia</em> 37 (1): 183–187. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v37i1.313</p>
<p>Manning, J.C. & Goldblatt, P. (2018) <em>Systematics of </em>Drimia<em> Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) in southern Africa</em>. Strelitzia 40. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 173 pp. [http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6202]</p>
<p>Manning, J.C., Goldblatt, P. & Fay, M.F. (2004) A revised generic synopsis of Hyacinthaceae in Sub-Saharan Africa, based on molecular evidence, including new combinations and the new tribe Pseudoprospereae. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany </em>60 (3): 533–568. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428603000404</p>
<p>Martínez-Azorín, M. & Crespo, M.B. (2014) Validation of several names in Hyacinthaceae. <em>Taxon</em> 63 (6): 1327–1334. https://doi.org/10.12705/636.21</p>
<p>Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B. & Juan, A. (2007) Taxonomic revision of <em>Ornithogalum</em> subg. <em>Cathissa</em> (Salisb.) Baker (Hyacinthaceae). <em>Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid</em> 64 (1): 7–25. https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2007.v64.i1.47</p>
<p>Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B. & Juan, A. (2009) Taxonomic revision of <em>Ornithogalum</em> subg. <em>Beryllis</em> (Hyacinthaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. <em>Belgian Journal of Botany </em>142 (2): 140–162. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41427183</p>
<p>Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B., Alonso-Vargas, M.A., Dold, A.P., Pinter, M. & Wetschnig, W. (2018) <em>Austronea</em> (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new genus from southern Africa, including the description of seven new species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 365 (2): 101–129. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.365.2.1</p>
<p>Martínez-Azorín, M., Dold, A.P. & Crespo, M. (2019) <em>Austronea patersoniae</em> (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 400 (2): 76–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.400.2.4</p>
<p>Martínez-Azorín, M., Pinter, M., Crespo, M.B. & Alonso-Vargas, M.Á. (2020) <em>Austronea phyllopogon</em> (Hyacinthaceae, Urgineoideae), a new species from the Kamiesberg, Northern Cape Province in South Africa. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 449 (2): 203–206. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.449.2.10</p>
<p>Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B., Alonso, M.Á., Pinter, M., Crouch, N.R., Dold, A.P., Mucina, L., Pfosser, M. & Wetschnig, W. (2023) Molecular phylogenetics of subfamily Urgineoideae (Hyacinthaceae): Towards a coherent generic circumscription informed by molecular, morphological and distributional data. <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution </em>61 (1): 42–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12905</p>
<p>Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M.C. (Eds.) (2006) <em>The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.</em> Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 807 pp. [https://www.sanbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Strelitzia-19.pdf]</p>
<p>Nees von Esenbeck, C.G.D. (1832) <em>Genera et Species Asterearum</em>. I.D. Grüson, Vratislaviae, 310 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46989</p>
<p>Nees von Esenbeck, C.G.D. (1841). <em>Florae Africanae australioris illustrationes monographicae</em>. Prausnitz, Glogau, 490 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585</p>
<p>Pfosser, M. & Speta, F. (1999) Phylogenetics of Hyacinthaceae based on plastid DNA sequences. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 86 (4): 852–875. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666172</p>
<p>Pfosser, M. & Speta, F. (2001) Bufadienolides and DNA sequences: on lumping and smashing of subfamily Urgineoideae (Hyacinthaceae). <em>Stapfia</em> 75: 177–250.</p>
<p>Pfosser, M. & Speta, F. (2004) From <em>Scilla</em> to <em>Charybdis</em> ‒ is our voyage safer now? <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 246: 245–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-004-0153-z</p>
<p>Rafinesque, C.S. (1837) <em>Flora Telluriana</em> 3. H. Probasco, Philadelphia, PA, 100 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7751</p>
<p>Schrader, H.A. (1821) <em>Moldenhawera. Göttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen</em>, vol. 3. Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin, 818 pp.</p>
<p>Schwantes, G. (1926) Zur Systematik der Mesembrianthemen. <em>Zeitschrift für Sukkulentenkunde</em> 2: 177–189.</p>
<p>Schwantes, G. (1927) Zur Systematik der Mesembryanthemen. <em>Zeitschrift für Sukkulentenkunde. Berlin</em> 3: 14–30.</p>
<p>Speta, F. (1998) Hyacinthaceae. <em>In</em>: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) <em>The families and genera of vascular plants, </em>vol. 3. Springer, Berlin, pp. 261–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_35</p>
<p>Speta, F. (2001) Die Echte und die Falsche Meerzwiebel: <em>Charybdis</em> Speta und <em>Stellarioides</em> Medicus (Hyacinthaceae), mit Neubeschreibungen und Neukombinationen im Anhang. <em>Stapfia</em> 75: 139–176.</p>
<p>Steinheil, A. (1834) Note sur le genre <em>Urginea</em> nouvellement formé dans la famille des Liliacées. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, Sér. 2</em>, 1: 321–332. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/150470#page/327/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (Continuously updated) <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 31 January 2023)</p>
<p>Thunberg, C.P. (1778) <em>Crassula</em> Generis XXVIII. Novas Species in Capite bonae Spei detectas & descriptas. <em>Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum</em> 6: 328–341. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132018#page/366/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Thunberg, C.P. (1794) <em>Prodromus plantarum Capensium: quas in promontorio Bonæ Spei Africes, </em>vol. 1. J. Edman, Uppsala, 84 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.84</p>
<p>Willdenow, C.L. (1799) <em>Caroli a Linné Species Plantarum. Editio Quarta</em>, vol. 2(1). Impensis G.C. Nauk, Berolini [Berlin], 823 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60086</p>
<p>Brown, N.R. (1909) Asclepiadaceae: LIII <em>Duvalia</em>. <em>In:</em> Thisselton-Dyer, W.T. (Ed.)<em> Flora Capensis; being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal </em>vol. 4(1) part 6. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 1024–1036. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/15242#page/1038/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Dold, A.P. & Brink, E. (2004) <em>Drimia chalumnensis</em> (Hyacinthaceae‒Urgineoideae), a new species from Eastern Cape, South Africa. <em>South African Journal of Botany</em> 70 (4): 631–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30202-7</p>
<p>Haworth, A.H. (1826) XLVIII. Decas septima novarum Plantarum Succulentarum. <em>The Philosophical Magazine and Journal</em> 68: 326–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786442608674135</p>
<p>IPNI (Continuously updated) <em>The international plant names index</em>. Available from http://www.ipni.org (accessed 31 January 2023)</p>
<p>Leistner, O.A. & Morris, J.W. (1976) Southern African place names. <em>Annals of the Cape Provincial Museum</em> 12: 1–565.</p>
<p>Lessing, Ch.F. (1832) <em>Synopsis generum Compositarum</em>. Duncker et Humblot, Berlin, 473 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51470</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.37656</p>
<p>Manning, J.C. & Goldblatt, P. (2007) New species of <em>Drimia</em> (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) allied to <em>Drimia marginata</em> from Western and Northern Cape, South Africa. <em>Bothalia</em> 37 (1): 183–187. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v37i1.313</p>
<p>Manning, J.C. & Goldblatt, P. (2018) <em>Systematics of </em>Drimia<em> Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) in southern Africa</em>. Strelitzia 40. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 173 pp. [http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12143/6202]</p>
<p>Manning, J.C., Goldblatt, P. & Fay, M.F. (2004) A revised generic synopsis of Hyacinthaceae in Sub-Saharan Africa, based on molecular evidence, including new combinations and the new tribe Pseudoprospereae. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany </em>60 (3): 533–568. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428603000404</p>
<p>Martínez-Azorín, M. & Crespo, M.B. (2014) Validation of several names in Hyacinthaceae. <em>Taxon</em> 63 (6): 1327–1334. https://doi.org/10.12705/636.21</p>
<p>Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B. & Juan, A. (2007) Taxonomic revision of <em>Ornithogalum</em> subg. <em>Cathissa</em> (Salisb.) Baker (Hyacinthaceae). <em>Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid</em> 64 (1): 7–25. https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2007.v64.i1.47</p>
<p>Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B. & Juan, A. (2009) Taxonomic revision of <em>Ornithogalum</em> subg. <em>Beryllis</em> (Hyacinthaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. <em>Belgian Journal of Botany </em>142 (2): 140–162. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41427183</p>
<p>Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B., Alonso-Vargas, M.A., Dold, A.P., Pinter, M. & Wetschnig, W. (2018) <em>Austronea</em> (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new genus from southern Africa, including the description of seven new species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 365 (2): 101–129. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.365.2.1</p>
<p>Martínez-Azorín, M., Dold, A.P. & Crespo, M. (2019) <em>Austronea patersoniae</em> (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 400 (2): 76–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.400.2.4</p>
<p>Martínez-Azorín, M., Pinter, M., Crespo, M.B. & Alonso-Vargas, M.Á. (2020) <em>Austronea phyllopogon</em> (Hyacinthaceae, Urgineoideae), a new species from the Kamiesberg, Northern Cape Province in South Africa. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 449 (2): 203–206. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.449.2.10</p>
<p>Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B., Alonso, M.Á., Pinter, M., Crouch, N.R., Dold, A.P., Mucina, L., Pfosser, M. & Wetschnig, W. (2023) Molecular phylogenetics of subfamily Urgineoideae (Hyacinthaceae): Towards a coherent generic circumscription informed by molecular, morphological and distributional data. <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution </em>61 (1): 42–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12905</p>
<p>Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M.C. (Eds.) (2006) <em>The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.</em> Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 807 pp. [https://www.sanbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Strelitzia-19.pdf]</p>
<p>Nees von Esenbeck, C.G.D. (1832) <em>Genera et Species Asterearum</em>. I.D. Grüson, Vratislaviae, 310 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46989</p>
<p>Nees von Esenbeck, C.G.D. (1841). <em>Florae Africanae australioris illustrationes monographicae</em>. Prausnitz, Glogau, 490 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585</p>
<p>Pfosser, M. & Speta, F. (1999) Phylogenetics of Hyacinthaceae based on plastid DNA sequences. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 86 (4): 852–875. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666172</p>
<p>Pfosser, M. & Speta, F. (2001) Bufadienolides and DNA sequences: on lumping and smashing of subfamily Urgineoideae (Hyacinthaceae). <em>Stapfia</em> 75: 177–250.</p>
<p>Pfosser, M. & Speta, F. (2004) From <em>Scilla</em> to <em>Charybdis</em> ‒ is our voyage safer now? <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 246: 245–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-004-0153-z</p>
<p>Rafinesque, C.S. (1837) <em>Flora Telluriana</em> 3. H. Probasco, Philadelphia, PA, 100 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7751</p>
<p>Schrader, H.A. (1821) <em>Moldenhawera. Göttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen</em>, vol. 3. Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin, 818 pp.</p>
<p>Schwantes, G. (1926) Zur Systematik der Mesembrianthemen. <em>Zeitschrift für Sukkulentenkunde</em> 2: 177–189.</p>
<p>Schwantes, G. (1927) Zur Systematik der Mesembryanthemen. <em>Zeitschrift für Sukkulentenkunde. Berlin</em> 3: 14–30.</p>
<p>Speta, F. (1998) Hyacinthaceae. <em>In</em>: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) <em>The families and genera of vascular plants, </em>vol. 3. Springer, Berlin, pp. 261–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_35</p>
<p>Speta, F. (2001) Die Echte und die Falsche Meerzwiebel: <em>Charybdis</em> Speta und <em>Stellarioides</em> Medicus (Hyacinthaceae), mit Neubeschreibungen und Neukombinationen im Anhang. <em>Stapfia</em> 75: 139–176.</p>
<p>Steinheil, A. (1834) Note sur le genre <em>Urginea</em> nouvellement formé dans la famille des Liliacées. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, Sér. 2</em>, 1: 321–332. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/150470#page/327/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (Continuously updated) <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 31 January 2023)</p>
<p>Thunberg, C.P. (1778) <em>Crassula</em> Generis XXVIII. Novas Species in Capite bonae Spei detectas & descriptas. <em>Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum</em> 6: 328–341. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132018#page/366/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Thunberg, C.P. (1794) <em>Prodromus plantarum Capensium: quas in promontorio Bonæ Spei Africes, </em>vol. 1. J. Edman, Uppsala, 84 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.84</p>
<p>Willdenow, C.L. (1799) <em>Caroli a Linné Species Plantarum. Editio Quarta</em>, vol. 2(1). Impensis G.C. Nauk, Berolini [Berlin], 823 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60086</p>