Abstract
A new species, Bupleurum iranicum (Apiaceae), is described from Ardabil Province, northwestern Iran. The new species is similar to B. anatolicum and B. brachiatum in the narrow, linear cauline leaves, herbaceous bracts similar to bracteoles, bracteoles shorter than the flowers, fruit surface, and petals smooth, and number of umbel rays 2–3. At the same time, the new species differs from the above-mentioned taxa in features of the stem features (non-branched or slightly branched vs. diffusely or dichotomously branched), umbel rays (subequal vs. unequal), length and number of bracts (equal 1–2 vs. subequal 2–5), and shape (elliptic to ovate vs. lanceolate). A detailed description and comparisons with other similar taxa, color images, distribution and habitat, and a taxonomic key to the Bupleurum species from Iran are provided. The new species should be listed as Critically Endangered, its protection is therefore recommended.
References
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<p>Huber-Morath, A. (1945) Novitiae florae anatolicae IV. <em>Candollea</em> 10: 147–154.</p>
<p>IUCN (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; Cambridge, United Kingdom [http://www.iucnredlist.org /documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf]</p>
<p>Kljuykov, E.V., Liu, M., Ostroumova, T.A., Pimenov, M.G., Tilney, P.M. & van Wyk, B.-E. (2004) Towards a standardized terminology for taxonomically important morphological characters in the Umbelliferae. <em>South African Journal of Botany</em> 70 (3): 488–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30233-7</p>
<p>Ledebour, C.F. (1815) Decades sex plantarum novarum in Imperio Rossico indigenarum. <em>Mémoires de l’Academie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg [sér. 5]</em>: 514–578.</p>
<p>Linczevski, I.A. (1950) <em>Bupleurum </em>L. <em>In: </em>Schischkin, B.K. (Ed.) <em>Flora URSS </em>16. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moskva-Leningrad, pp. 275–349.</p>
<p>Lindley, J. (1836) <em>An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany</em>, 2nd edition. Longman, London, 526 pp.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum. L. </em>Salvius<em>, </em>Holmiae [Stockholm], 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Mabberley, D.J. (2017) Mabberley’s plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses, No. Ed. 4. Cambridge University Press, 139 pp. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316335581</p>
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<p>Mozaffarian, V. (1991) New species and new plant records from Iran. <em>Iranian Journal of Botany</em> 5 (1): 29–39.</p>
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<p>Mozaffarian, V. (2017) New species and new records from Gilan Province, Iran. <em>The Iranian Journal of Botany</em> 22 (2): 112–120.</p>
<p>Neves, S.S. & Watson, M.F. (2004) Phylogenetic relationships in <em>Bupleurum</em> (Apiaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequence data. <em>Annals of Botany</em> 93 (4): 379–398. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch052</p>
<p>Özcan, T. (2000) <em>Taxonomical research on some endemic Bupleurum L. species for Turkey</em>. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Istanbul University.</p>
<p>Pimenov, M.G. & Kljuykov, E.V. (2015) A new species of <em>Bupleurum</em> (Umbelliferae) from Badakhshan, with notes on and a key to the alpine species of High Asia. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 226 (3): 245–252. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.226.3.4</p>
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<p>Ranjbar, M., Bahmoudian, B. & Vitek, E. (2013) A synopsis of genus Astragalus L. sect. Stereothrix Bunge (Fabaceae). <em>Biological Diversity and Conservation</em> 6: 114–133.</p>
<p>Rechinger, K.H. & Snogerup, S. (1987) <em>Umbelliferea</em>. <em>In: </em>Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora Iranica, </em>Vol. 162. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 269–297.</p>
<p>Ruksans, J. & Zetterlund, H. (2014) an Iranian paeony to honour Per Wendelbo. <em>Alpine Gardener</em> 82 (2): 230–237.</p>
<p>Schlechtendal (1843) Plantae Kotschyanae nonnullae, novae censitae. <em>Linnaea</em> 17 (1): 124–128.</p>
<p>Snogerup, S. (1972) <em>Bupleurum </em>L. <em>In:</em> Davis, P.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands</em>, Vol. 4. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 393–416.</p>
<p>Snogerup, S. & Snogerup, B. (2001) <em>Bupleurum</em> L. (Umbelliferae) in Europe—1. The annuals, <em>B.</em> sect. <em>Bupleurum</em> and sect. <em>Aristata</em>. <em>Willdenowia</em> 31 (2): 205–308. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.31.31201</p>
<p>Stoyanov, S. (2019) Contribution to the taxonomy and distribution of <em>Bupleurum boissieri</em>, <em>B. aequiradiatum</em> and <em>B. gerardi</em> (Apiaceae) in the Balkans. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 392 (3): 197–216. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.392.3.3</p>
<p>Thiers, B. 2021+ [continuously updated] Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/]</p>
<p>Townsend, C. (2013) <em>Bupleurum</em> L. <em>In</em>: Ghazanfer, A. & Edmondson, J.R. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Iraq</em>, vol 5(2), <em>Lythraceae to Campanulaceae</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 140–148.</p>
<p>Tutin, T.G. (1968) <em>Bupleurum</em> L. <em>In</em>: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (Eds.) <em>Flora Europaea</em>, Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 345–350.</p>
<p>Wolff, H. (1910) <em>Bupleurum</em>. <em>In</em>: Engler, A. (Ed.) <em>Das Pflanzenreich: Regni vegetablilis conspectus</em> 43 (IV, 228). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 36–173.</p>
<p>Bidarlord, M., Jamzad, Z. & German, D.A. (2021) <em>Lepidium khalkhalicum</em> (Brassicaceae), a new wild relative of the garden cress (<em>L. sativum</em>) from northwestern Iran. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 39 (1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.03036</p>
<p>Bidarlord, M. & Jamzad, Z. (2021) <em>Sideritis khalkhalica</em> (Lamiaceae: Lamioideae), a new species from Northwest Iran. <em>Taiwania</em> 66 (4): 504–508.</p>
<p>Boissier, E. (1844) Plantae Aucherianae. Adjunctis nonnullis e regionibus Mediterraneis et Orientalibus aliis cum novarum specierum descriptione. <em>Annales des sciences naturelles, Botanique</em> (sér. 3) 1: 120–151.</p>
<p>Boissier, E. (1872) <em>Flora Orientalis</em>, Vol. 2. Apud H. Georg, Bibliopolam, Genevae et Basileae, pp. 834–896.</p>
<p>Bornmüller, J. & Gauba, E. (1940) Florae Keredjensis fundamenta. (Plantae Gaubaeanae Iranicae) Supplementum. <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis</em> 49: 253–272. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4870492303</p>
<p>Ghahremaninejad, F., Hoseini, E. & Mozaffarian, V. (2014) Fruit anatomy of the genus <em>Bupleurum </em>L. (Apiaceae) in Iran. <em>Iranian Journal of Botany </em>20 (1): 51–70.</p>
<p>Huber-Morath, A. (1945) Novitiae florae anatolicae IV. <em>Candollea</em> 10: 147–154.</p>
<p>IUCN (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; Cambridge, United Kingdom [http://www.iucnredlist.org /documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf]</p>
<p>Kljuykov, E.V., Liu, M., Ostroumova, T.A., Pimenov, M.G., Tilney, P.M. & van Wyk, B.-E. (2004) Towards a standardized terminology for taxonomically important morphological characters in the Umbelliferae. <em>South African Journal of Botany</em> 70 (3): 488–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30233-7</p>
<p>Ledebour, C.F. (1815) Decades sex plantarum novarum in Imperio Rossico indigenarum. <em>Mémoires de l’Academie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg [sér. 5]</em>: 514–578.</p>
<p>Linczevski, I.A. (1950) <em>Bupleurum </em>L. <em>In: </em>Schischkin, B.K. (Ed.) <em>Flora URSS </em>16. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moskva-Leningrad, pp. 275–349.</p>
<p>Lindley, J. (1836) <em>An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany</em>, 2nd edition. Longman, London, 526 pp.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum. L. </em>Salvius<em>, </em>Holmiae [Stockholm], 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Mabberley, D.J. (2017) Mabberley’s plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses, No. Ed. 4. Cambridge University Press, 139 pp. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316335581</p>
<p>Matin, F. & Moussavi, M. (1992) <em>Bupleurum brevicaule </em>(Umbelliferae), a new record from Iran. <em>Iranian Journal of Botany</em> 5 (2): 65–67.</p>
<p>Mozaffarian, V. (1991) New species and new plant records from Iran. <em>Iranian Journal of Botany</em> 5 (1): 29–39.</p>
<p>Mozaffarian, V. (2007) Umbelliferae. <em>In</em>: Assadi, M. & Maassoumi, A.A. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Iran</em>, vol. 54. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 596 pp. [In Persian]</p>
<p>Mozaffarian, V. (2015) A new species of <em>Bupleurum </em>(Umbelliferae) from Gilan, Iran. <em>Iranian Journal of Botany</em> 21 (1): 83–85.</p>
<p>Mozaffarian, V. (2017) New species and new records from Gilan Province, Iran. <em>The Iranian Journal of Botany</em> 22 (2): 112–120.</p>
<p>Neves, S.S. & Watson, M.F. (2004) Phylogenetic relationships in <em>Bupleurum</em> (Apiaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequence data. <em>Annals of Botany</em> 93 (4): 379–398. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch052</p>
<p>Özcan, T. (2000) <em>Taxonomical research on some endemic Bupleurum L. species for Turkey</em>. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Istanbul University.</p>
<p>Pimenov, M.G. & Kljuykov, E.V. (2015) A new species of <em>Bupleurum</em> (Umbelliferae) from Badakhshan, with notes on and a key to the alpine species of High Asia. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 226 (3): 245–252. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.226.3.4</p>
<p>Plunkett, G.M., Pimenov, M.G., Reduron, J.P., Kljuykov, E.V., Lee, B.Y., van Wyk, B.E., Tilney, P.M., Watson, M.F., Ostroumova, T.A., Spalik, K. & Hart, J.M. (2018) Apiaceae. <em>In</em>: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) <em>The families and genera of vascular plants, Apiales, Gentianales (except Rubiaceae)</em> vol 15. Springer International Publishing AG, pp. 9–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93605-5_2</p>
<p>Ranjbar, M., Bahmoudian, B. & Vitek, E. (2013) A synopsis of genus Astragalus L. sect. Stereothrix Bunge (Fabaceae). <em>Biological Diversity and Conservation</em> 6: 114–133.</p>
<p>Rechinger, K.H. & Snogerup, S. (1987) <em>Umbelliferea</em>. <em>In: </em>Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora Iranica, </em>Vol. 162. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 269–297.</p>
<p>Ruksans, J. & Zetterlund, H. (2014) an Iranian paeony to honour Per Wendelbo. <em>Alpine Gardener</em> 82 (2): 230–237.</p>
<p>Schlechtendal (1843) Plantae Kotschyanae nonnullae, novae censitae. <em>Linnaea</em> 17 (1): 124–128.</p>
<p>Snogerup, S. (1972) <em>Bupleurum </em>L. <em>In:</em> Davis, P.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands</em>, Vol. 4. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 393–416.</p>
<p>Snogerup, S. & Snogerup, B. (2001) <em>Bupleurum</em> L. (Umbelliferae) in Europe—1. The annuals, <em>B.</em> sect. <em>Bupleurum</em> and sect. <em>Aristata</em>. <em>Willdenowia</em> 31 (2): 205–308. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.31.31201</p>
<p>Stoyanov, S. (2019) Contribution to the taxonomy and distribution of <em>Bupleurum boissieri</em>, <em>B. aequiradiatum</em> and <em>B. gerardi</em> (Apiaceae) in the Balkans. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 392 (3): 197–216. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.392.3.3</p>
<p>Thiers, B. 2021+ [continuously updated] Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/]</p>
<p>Townsend, C. (2013) <em>Bupleurum</em> L. <em>In</em>: Ghazanfer, A. & Edmondson, J.R. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Iraq</em>, vol 5(2), <em>Lythraceae to Campanulaceae</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 140–148.</p>
<p>Tutin, T.G. (1968) <em>Bupleurum</em> L. <em>In</em>: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (Eds.) <em>Flora Europaea</em>, Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 345–350.</p>
<p>Wolff, H. (1910) <em>Bupleurum</em>. <em>In</em>: Engler, A. (Ed.) <em>Das Pflanzenreich: Regni vegetablilis conspectus</em> 43 (IV, 228). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 36–173.</p>