Abstract
In the present study, we describe and illustrate Thismia mantiqueirensis, a new mycoheterotrophic species belonging to the subgenus Ophiomeris, section Ophiomeris, from the Altomontane Dense Ombrophilous Forest in Mantiqueira mountains, southeast Brazil. We provide the description, taxonomic, ecological, and conservation comments, as well as images and illustrations of the new species.
References
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><em>BFG</em></span>—The Brazil Flora Group (2015) Growing knowledge: an overview of seed plant diversity in Brazil. <em>Rodriguésia</em> 66: 1085–1113. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">BFG—The Brazil Flora Group (2018) Brazilian Flora 2020: Innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). <em>Rodriguésia</em> 69: 1513–1527. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201869402</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">BFG—The Brazil Flora Group (2021) Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network. <em>Taxon</em> 71: 178–198. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12640</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brade, A.C. (1943) Saprófitas do Itatiaia. <em>Arquivos do Serviço Florestal</em> 2: 45–50.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brade, A.C. (1946) Espécies novas da flora do Brasil. <em>Rodriguésia</em> 10: 41–46.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Climate-Data.org (2022) Data base climate. Available from: https://pt.climate-data.org/ (accessed 1 July 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Coelho, C.P., Sousa, I.P., Silva, G.E., Rocha, D.I., Azevedo, M.O. &Guilherme, F.A.G. (2021) Ombrohydrochory in <em>Thismia panamensis</em> (Standley) Jonk: a mycoheterotrophic species in Brazilian Cerrado forests. <em>Plant Biology</em> 23: 630–635. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13250</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">CRIA—Centro de Referência e Informação Ambiental (2022) SpeciesLink. Available from: http://www.splink.net (accessed 1 July 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Flora e Funga do Brasil (2022) <em>Thismiaceae</em>. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB110675 (accessed 1 July 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Govaerts, R. (2019) <em>World checklist of species</em>. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://www.kew.org/wcsp (accessed 1 July 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Griffith, W. (1844) On the root parasites referred by authors to Rhizantheae, and their allies. <em>Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London</em> 1: 221–223.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Guilherme, F.A.G., Coelho, C.P., Smidt, E.C., Gomes, D.C. & Souza, L.F. (2016) <em>Thismia panamensis</em>: first record of Thismiaceae for the Brazilian Cerrado in Goiás state. <em>Check List</em> 12: 1–4. https://doi.org/10.15560/12.2.1877</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">IUCN (2017) Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 12. Prepared by the standards and petitions subcommittee. IUCN, Gland, Cambridge. Available from: https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/RL2001-001-2nd.pdf (accessed 1 July 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jabot (2022) JBRJ—Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. <em>Jabot—Banco de Dados da Flora Brasileira</em>. Available from: http://jabot.jbrj.gov.br (accessed 1 July 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mancinelli, W.S., Blum, C.T. & Smidt, E.C. (2012) <em>Thismia prataensis</em> (Thismiaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 37: 879–882. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364412X656545</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Maas, P.J.M., Maas-van de Kamer, H., Benthem, J., Snelders, H.C.M. & Rübsa-Men, T. (1986) Burmanniaceae. <em>Flora Neotropica</em> 42: 1–189.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Maas-van de Kamer, H. & Maas, P.J.M. (2016) Burmanniaceae. <em>In:</em> Wanderley, M.G.L., Shepherd, G.J., Giulietti, A.M. & Melhem, T.S. <em>Flora Fanerógama do Estado de São Paulo</em> III. pp. 1–7.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Miers, J. (1847) On a new genus of plants of the family Burmanniaceae. <em>Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London</em> 1: 328–329.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Miers, J. (1866) On <em>Myostoma</em>, a new genus of Burmanniaceae. <em>Proceedings of Linnean Society of London</em> 25: 461–476.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mueller, F.J.H.V. (1891) Notes on a new Tasmanian plant of the order Burmanniaceae. <em>Papers and proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania</em> 1890: 232–235.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Shepeleva, E.A., Schelkunov, M.I., Hroneš, M., Sochor, M., Dančák, M., Merckx, V.S., Kikuchi, I.A., Chantanaorrapint, S., Suetsugu, K., Tsukaya, H., Mar, S.S., Luu, H.T., Li, H., Logacheva, M.D. & Nuraliev, M.S. (2020) Phylogenetics of the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia (Thismiaceae: Dioscoreales) with a focus on the Old World taxa: delineation of novel natural groups and insights into the evolution of morphological traits. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 193: 287–315. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boaa017</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Silva, D.F. & Braga, J.M.A. (2022) <em>Thismia petasiformis</em> (Thismiaceae), a new fairy lantern species from the Brazilian Amazon Forest. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 564: 221–229. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.564.2.5</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Silva, D.F., Engels, M.E. & Soares-Lopes, C.R. (2020) Novelties in <em>Thismia</em> (Thismiaceae) from South Brazilian Amazon with the description of a new species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 429: 261–273. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.4.2</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Souza, I. (2021) <em>Thismia panamensis</em> (Standl.) Jonker (Thismiaceae): first record for southern Brazil. <em>Check List</em> 17: 1055–1059. https://doi.org/10.15560/17.4.1055</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Pouslen, M.V.A. (1889) Une nouvelle Phanérogame sans chlorophylle: <em>Thismia glaziovii</em> – Note preliminaire. <em>Revue Générale de Botanique</em> 1: 549–550.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thiers, B. (2022 [continuously updated]) <em>Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Gardens Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 1 July 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Voloschen, T.D., Engels, M.E., Assunção, P.A.C.L. & Smidt, E.C. (2013) <em>Thismia singeri</em> (Thismiaceae), an augmented description and first record for Brazil. <em>Brazilian Journal of Botany</em> 36: 309–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-013-0037-y</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">BFG—The Brazil Flora Group (2018) Brazilian Flora 2020: Innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). <em>Rodriguésia</em> 69: 1513–1527. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201869402</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">BFG—The Brazil Flora Group (2021) Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network. <em>Taxon</em> 71: 178–198. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12640</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brade, A.C. (1943) Saprófitas do Itatiaia. <em>Arquivos do Serviço Florestal</em> 2: 45–50.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brade, A.C. (1946) Espécies novas da flora do Brasil. <em>Rodriguésia</em> 10: 41–46.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Climate-Data.org (2022) Data base climate. Available from: https://pt.climate-data.org/ (accessed 1 July 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Coelho, C.P., Sousa, I.P., Silva, G.E., Rocha, D.I., Azevedo, M.O. &Guilherme, F.A.G. (2021) Ombrohydrochory in <em>Thismia panamensis</em> (Standley) Jonk: a mycoheterotrophic species in Brazilian Cerrado forests. <em>Plant Biology</em> 23: 630–635. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13250</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">CRIA—Centro de Referência e Informação Ambiental (2022) SpeciesLink. Available from: http://www.splink.net (accessed 1 July 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Flora e Funga do Brasil (2022) <em>Thismiaceae</em>. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB110675 (accessed 1 July 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Govaerts, R. (2019) <em>World checklist of species</em>. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://www.kew.org/wcsp (accessed 1 July 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Griffith, W. (1844) On the root parasites referred by authors to Rhizantheae, and their allies. <em>Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London</em> 1: 221–223.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Guilherme, F.A.G., Coelho, C.P., Smidt, E.C., Gomes, D.C. & Souza, L.F. (2016) <em>Thismia panamensis</em>: first record of Thismiaceae for the Brazilian Cerrado in Goiás state. <em>Check List</em> 12: 1–4. https://doi.org/10.15560/12.2.1877</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">IUCN (2017) Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 12. Prepared by the standards and petitions subcommittee. IUCN, Gland, Cambridge. Available from: https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/RL2001-001-2nd.pdf (accessed 1 July 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jabot (2022) JBRJ—Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. <em>Jabot—Banco de Dados da Flora Brasileira</em>. Available from: http://jabot.jbrj.gov.br (accessed 1 July 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mancinelli, W.S., Blum, C.T. & Smidt, E.C. (2012) <em>Thismia prataensis</em> (Thismiaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 37: 879–882. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364412X656545</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Maas, P.J.M., Maas-van de Kamer, H., Benthem, J., Snelders, H.C.M. & Rübsa-Men, T. (1986) Burmanniaceae. <em>Flora Neotropica</em> 42: 1–189.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Maas-van de Kamer, H. & Maas, P.J.M. (2016) Burmanniaceae. <em>In:</em> Wanderley, M.G.L., Shepherd, G.J., Giulietti, A.M. & Melhem, T.S. <em>Flora Fanerógama do Estado de São Paulo</em> III. pp. 1–7.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Miers, J. (1847) On a new genus of plants of the family Burmanniaceae. <em>Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London</em> 1: 328–329.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Miers, J. (1866) On <em>Myostoma</em>, a new genus of Burmanniaceae. <em>Proceedings of Linnean Society of London</em> 25: 461–476.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mueller, F.J.H.V. (1891) Notes on a new Tasmanian plant of the order Burmanniaceae. <em>Papers and proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania</em> 1890: 232–235.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Shepeleva, E.A., Schelkunov, M.I., Hroneš, M., Sochor, M., Dančák, M., Merckx, V.S., Kikuchi, I.A., Chantanaorrapint, S., Suetsugu, K., Tsukaya, H., Mar, S.S., Luu, H.T., Li, H., Logacheva, M.D. & Nuraliev, M.S. (2020) Phylogenetics of the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia (Thismiaceae: Dioscoreales) with a focus on the Old World taxa: delineation of novel natural groups and insights into the evolution of morphological traits. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 193: 287–315. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boaa017</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Silva, D.F. & Braga, J.M.A. (2022) <em>Thismia petasiformis</em> (Thismiaceae), a new fairy lantern species from the Brazilian Amazon Forest. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 564: 221–229. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.564.2.5</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Silva, D.F., Engels, M.E. & Soares-Lopes, C.R. (2020) Novelties in <em>Thismia</em> (Thismiaceae) from South Brazilian Amazon with the description of a new species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 429: 261–273. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.4.2</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Souza, I. (2021) <em>Thismia panamensis</em> (Standl.) Jonker (Thismiaceae): first record for southern Brazil. <em>Check List</em> 17: 1055–1059. https://doi.org/10.15560/17.4.1055</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Pouslen, M.V.A. (1889) Une nouvelle Phanérogame sans chlorophylle: <em>Thismia glaziovii</em> – Note preliminaire. <em>Revue Générale de Botanique</em> 1: 549–550.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thiers, B. (2022 [continuously updated]) <em>Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Gardens Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 1 July 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Voloschen, T.D., Engels, M.E., Assunção, P.A.C.L. & Smidt, E.C. (2013) <em>Thismia singeri</em> (Thismiaceae), an augmented description and first record for Brazil. <em>Brazilian Journal of Botany</em> 36: 309–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-013-0037-y</span></span></span></p>