Abstract
We identified and described Cortiella yatungense, a new species of Cortiella (Apiaceae) from Xizang, China. This species can be distinguished from other members of this genus (C. hookeri, C. caespitosa, C. lamondiana, and C. cortioides) by fewer umbels (3–6), thinner and longer pedicels than the leaves, ovate to suborbicular fruits, and mericarp without vittae. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed space (ITS) region and two chloroplast DNA intron sequences (rpl16 and rps16) showed that C. yatungense was sister to C. hookeri with strong support. Thus, both morphological and phylogenetic evidence suggested that C. yatungense is a distinct species of Cortiella. A comprehensive description of C. yatungense along with morphological characteristics and habitat are provided.
References
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Downie, S.R., Spalik, K., Katz-Downie, D.S. & Reduron, J.P. (2010) Major clades within Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Plant Diversity and Evolution </em></span><span lang="en-GB">128: 111–136. https://doi.org/10.1127/1869-6155/2010/0128-0005</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">IUCN (2019) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. version 14. 2019-8.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> IUCN standards and petitions committee. Cambridge U.K. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ (accessed 5 December 2021)</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Jordan, W.C., Courtney, M.W. & Neigel, J.E. (1996) Low levels of intraspecific genetic variation at a rapidly evolving chloroplast DNA locus in North American Duckweeds (Lemnaceae). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>American Journal of Botany </em></span><span lang="en-GB">83: 430–439. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12724.x</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Kelchner, S.A. & Clark, L.G. (1997) Molecular evolution and phylogenetic utility of the chloroplast rpl16 intron in Chusquea and the Bambusoideae (Poaceae). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 8: 385–397. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1997.0432</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016) Mega7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 33: 1870–1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Liu, J.Q., Sun, Y.S., Ge, X.J., Gao, L.M. & Qiu, Y.X. (2012) Phylogeographic studies of plants in China: Advances in the past and directions in the future. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 50: 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-6831.2012.00214.x</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Liu, S.L. (1985) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Cortiella</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> C. Norman.</span><span lang="en-GB"><em> In: </em></span><span lang="en-GB">Shan, R.H. & Sheh, M.L. (Eds.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, vol. 55 (2). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 265–267. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Kadereit, J.W. & Bittrich, V. (2018) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flowering plants</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Eudicots: Apiales, Gentianales (except Rubiaceae), 1st edn</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Springer, Berlin, pp. 70–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93605-5</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Maity, D. (2009) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Cortiella caespitosa</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Shan & Sheh (Apiaceae)</span><span lang="en-GB"><strong>—</strong></span><span lang="en-GB">a new entrant to India. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 106: 355–356.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., Fonseca, G. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Nature</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 403: 853–858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35002501</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Pimenov, M.G. (2017) Updated checklist of Chinese Umbelliferea: Nomenclature, synonymy, typification, distribution. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Turczaninowia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 20: 106–239. https://doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.20.2.9</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bioinformatics</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 14: 817–818. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Qiu, Y.X., Fu, C.X. & Comes, H.P. (2011) Plant molecular phylogeography in China and adjacent regions: Tracing the genetic imprints of Quaternary climate and environmental change in the world’s most diverse temperate flora. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 59 (1): 225–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.01.012</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Mark, P.V.D., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference and Model Choice Across a Large Model Space. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Systematic Biology</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Sheh, M.L. & Watson, M.F. (2005) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Cortiella</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> C. Norman. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In: Flora of China</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, Vol. 14. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 153–154.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bioinformatics</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Thiers, B. (2015) Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 19 December 2021)</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Valiejo-Roman, C.M., Shneyer, V.S., Samigullin, T.H., Terentieva, E.I. & Pimenov, M.G. (2006) An attempt to clarify taxonomic relationships in “Verwandtschaftskreis der Gattung </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Ligusticum</em></span><span lang="en-GB">” (Umbelliferae-Apioideae) by molecular analysis. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Plant Systematics & Evolution</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 257: 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-005-0383-8</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Wang, E., Kirby, E., Furlong, K., van Soest, M., Xu, G., Shi, X., Kamp, P.J.J. & Hodges, K.V. (2012) Two-phase growth of high topography in eastern Tibet during the Cenozoic. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Nature Geosci </em></span><span lang="en-GB">5: 640–645. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1538</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Watson, M. (1996) Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXXIII. Umbelliferae, I. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 53 (1): 127–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0960428600002766</span></span></span></span></p>
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