Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 560 No. 1: 29 August 2022
Type: Article
Published: 2022-08-29
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.3
Page range: 43-56
Abstract views: 93
PDF downloaded: 3

A new hybrid of Origanum (Lamiaceae) from the Aegean Island of Karpathos (Dodecanese, Greece): Origanum × karpathicum

Via Eleonora d’Arborea 12, 00162 Rome, Italy
Pigadia Karpathos Greece zip code 85700
Department of Biology Education, Necatibey Education Faculty, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir
Department of Biology Education, Necatibey Education Faculty, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir; Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
Hybridization ITS Karpathos new hybrid Origanum Eudicots

Abstract

This study aims to describe a new hybrid of Origanum, which occurs on Karpathos (Greece), by examining its morphology and molecular structure. Nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) data of the alleged hybrid specimens, and its putative parents, O. onites and O. vetteri, were examined. Hybrid and parent individuals sharing the same location with the new hybrid from Karpathos and different specimens belonging to ancestral taxa from Turkey, were used for molecular analysis. According to molecular data, there are some polymorphic nucleotide regions showing the hybridization evidence between the new hybrid and its parents. Molecular results show that the new hybrid is more similar to O. vetteri. Also, the new hybrid has some intermediate morphological characteristics ranging between its parents. Consequently, it was deemed appropriate to present the studied putative hybrid to the scientific world as a new hybrid taxon.

References

<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Açar, M. &amp; Satıl, F. (2019) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Distantes</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> R. Bhattacharjee (</span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Stachys</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L./Lamiaceae) Altseksiyonu Taksonları Üzerinde Karşılaştırmalı Anatomik ve Mikromorfolojik Çalışmalar. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>KSU Journal Agricalture and Nature </em></span><span lang="en-GB">22 (Suppl 2): 282–295. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.562089</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Arabacı, T., Dirmenci, T. &amp; Yıldız, B. (2020) A new hybrid of the Genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. (Lamiaceae): </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum malatyanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 35: 10–15.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Arabacı, T., Çelenk, S., Özcan, T., Martin, E., Yazıcı, T., Açar, M., Üzel, D. &amp; Dirmenci, T. (2021) Homoploid hybrids of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Lamiaceae) in Turkey: morphological and molecular evidence for a new hybrid. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Plant Biosystems</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 155 (3): 470–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2020.1762777</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Ayanoğlu, F., Ergul, A. &amp; Arslan, M. (2006) Assessment of genetic diversity in Turkish oregano (</span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum onites</em></span><span lang="en-GB">&nbsp;L.) germplasm by AFLP analysis.&nbsp;</span><span lang="en-GB"><em>The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology</em></span><span lang="en-GB">&nbsp;81 (1):&nbsp;45–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2006.11512027</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Aykac, A., Becer, E., Özbeyli, D., Şener, G. &amp; Başer, K.H.C. (2020) Protective Effects of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span> <span lang="en-GB"><em>onites</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Essential Oil in the Methotrexate-Induced Rat Model: Role on Apoptosis and Hepatoxicity. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Records Natural Products</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 14 (6): 395–404. https://doi.org/10.25135/rnp.186.20.04.1631</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Bakha, M., Al Faiz, C., Daoud, M., El Mtili, N., Aboukhalid, K., Khiraoui, A., Machon, N. &amp; Silijak-Yakovlev, S. (2017) Genome size and chromosome number for six taxa of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> genus from Morocco. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Botany Letters</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 164 (4): 361–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2017.1395766</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Bariotakis, M., Koutroumpa, K., Karousou, R. &amp; Pirintsos, S.A. (2016) Environmental (in)dependence of a hybrid zone: Insights from molecular markers and ecological niche modeling in a hybrid zone of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Lamiaceae) on the island of Crete. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Ecology Evolution</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 6: 8727–8739. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2560</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Bartel, D.P. (2004) MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Cell</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 116: 281–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00045-5</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Bentham, G. (1848) Labiatae. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: De Candolle, A. (ed.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 12. Victoris Masson, Paris, 191 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Bonsignore, C.P., Laface, V.L.A., Vono, G., Marullo, R., Musarella, C.M. &amp; Spampinato, G. (2021) Threats Posed to the Rediscovered and Rare</span><span lang="en-GB"><em> Salvia ceratophylloides </em></span><span lang="en-GB">Ard. (Lamiaceae) by Borer and Seed Feeder Insect Species.</span><span lang="en-GB"><em> Diversity </em></span><span lang="en-GB">13: 33. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em> h</em></span><span lang="en-GB">ttps://doi.org/10.3390/d13010033</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Cattaneo, C. &amp; Dirmenci, T. (2022) A new hybrid of the genus</span> <span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span> <span lang="en-GB">L. (Lamiaceae):</span> <span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span> <span lang="en-GB">× </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>symes</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Carlström.</span> <span lang="en-GB"><em>Istanbul Journal of Pharmacy</em></span> <span lang="en-GB">52 (2): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.26650/istanbulJPharm.2022.1034352</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Briquet, J. (1895) Labiatae. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In:</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Engler, A. &amp; Prantl, K. (Eds.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, Vol. 4 (3a). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 307 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Celep, F., Rader, E. &amp; Drew, B. (2020) Two new hybrid species of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Salvia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (</span><span lang="en-GB"><em>S</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. × </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>karamanensis</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> and </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>S.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> × </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>doganii</em></span><span lang="en-GB">) from Turkey: evidence from molecular and morphological studies. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 44: 647–660. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-2007-28 </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Celep, F., Özcan, T., Rose, P.J., Yazıcı, T. &amp; Dirmenci, T. (2021) Phylogeny, Biogeography and Character Evolution of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. (Lamiaceae): </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Dirmenci, T. (ed.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>“Oregano” The genus Origanum (Lamiaceae): Taxonomy, Cultivation, Chemistry and Uses. </em></span><span lang="en-GB">Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp. 89‒103.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Çarıkçı, S., Gören, A.C., Kılıç, T., Özer, Z., Arabacı., T., Setzer, W.N. &amp; Dirmenci, T. (2021) Biological Activities of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. (Lamiaceae). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Dirmenci, T. (ed.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>“Oregano” The genus Origanum (Lamiaceae): Taxonomy, Cultivation, Chemistry and Uses. </em></span><span lang="en-GB">Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp. 287‒404.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Çeçen, Ö. &amp; Özcan, T. (2021) A new </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Teucrium</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. (Lamiaceae) Species from South Anatolia (Turkey). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 45: 353–370. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-2010-7</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Dirmenci,T., Kılıç, T., Çelenk, S., Martin, E., Arabacı, T., Yıldız, B. &amp; Yazıcı, T. (2017) Taxonomic, Karyological, Chemical and Molecular investigations in </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. (Lamiaceae) species growing in Turkey. TÜBİTAK-KBAG Project (113 Z 225). [in Turkish]</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Dirmenci, T., Yazıcı, T., Özcan, T., Çelenk, Ç. &amp; Martin, E. (2018a) A new species and a new natural hybrid of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. (Lamiaceae) from the west of Turkey. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 42: 73–90. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1704-35</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Dirmenci, T., Özcan, T., Yazıcı, T., Arabacı, T. &amp; Martin, E. (2018b) Morphological, cytological, palynological and molecular evidence on two new hybrids: an example of homoploid hybridization in </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Lamiaceae). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytotaxa</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 371: 145–167. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.371.3.1</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Dirmenci, T., Özcan, T., Açar, M., Arabacı, T., Yazıcı, T. &amp; Martin, E. (2019) A rearranged homoploid hybrid species of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Lamiaceae): </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>O.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> × </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>munzurense</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Kit Tan &amp; Sorger. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Botany Letters</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 166: 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2019.1585283</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Dirmenci, T., Özcan, T., Arabacı, T., Çelenk, S. &amp; Martin, E. (2020) An important hybrid zone: evidence for two natural homoploid hybrids among three </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> species. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 57: 143–157. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.057.0120</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Dirmenci, T., Arabacı, T., Özcan, T., Yazıcı, T., Martin, E., Çelenk, S., Açar, M. &amp; Üzel</span>,<span lang="en-GB"> D. (2020) Homoploid Hybridization and Its Role in Emergence and Diversity of the Genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In:</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Adler</span>,<span lang="en-GB"> A. (Ed.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Lamiaceae: The Lamiaceae Family An Overview. </em></span><span lang="en-GB">Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp. 241–296.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Dirmenci, T., Arabacı, T., Özcan, T., Drew</span>,<span lang="en-GB"> B., Yazıcı, T., Celep, F. &amp; Martin, E. (2021) Taxonomy of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. (Lamiaceae). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Dirmenci, T. (ed.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>“Oregano” The genus Origanum (Lamiaceae): Taxonomy, Cultivation, Chemistry and Uses</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp. 1‒48. https://doi.org/10.52305/IUZG7821</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Duman, H., Başer, K.H.C. &amp; Aytaç, Z. (1996) Two New Species and A New Hybrid from Anatolia. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 22: 51–55. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Duman, H. (2000) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. &amp; Başer, K.H.C. (Eds.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 2), Vol. 11.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 207–208.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Ecevit-Genç, G., Özcan, T., Dirmenci, T. &amp; Arabacı, T. (2020) Mericarp morphology of the genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Lamiaceae) and its taxonomic significance in Turkey. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytotaxa</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 460 (1): 59–74. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.460.1.3</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Glombik, M., Bacovskı, V., Hobza, R. &amp; Kopeckı, D. (2020) Competition of Parental Genomes in Plant Hybrids. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Frontiers Plant Science</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 11: 200. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00200</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Goavaerts, R., Paton, A., Harvey, Y., Navarro, T. &amp; Pena, M.R.G. (2011) World Checklist of Lamiaceae, Kew. – Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ (accessed 19 January 2022).</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Gounaris, Y., Skoula, M., Fournaraki, C., Drakakaki, G. &amp; Makris, A. (2002) Comparison of essential oils and genetic relationship of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> × </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>intercedens</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> to its parental taxa in the island of Crete. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Biochemical Systematics and Ecology</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 30: 249–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(01)00079-5</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Gündoğan, G.İ. &amp; Nath, E.Ö. (2021) In vitro physiological effects of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum onites</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil treatment on human origin cell lines. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Turkish Journal of</em></span> <span lang="en-GB"><em>Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 45: 158–171. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-2010-40</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Güner, Ö. &amp; Ferrer-Gallego, P. (2021) Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on some </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Stachys</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> taxa (Lamiaceae). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 45: 69–82. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-2010-12</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Güner, Ö., Akçiçek, E. &amp; Dirmenci, T. (2021) A new </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Stachys</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> species from Turkey: </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Stachys</em></span> <span lang="en-GB"><em>siirtensis</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Lamiaceae). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytotaxa</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 516 (3): 252–262. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.516.3.4</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Hammer, Q., Harper, D.A.T. &amp; Ryan, P.D. (2001) Past: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Palaeontol Electron</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 4 (1): 1–9.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Harley, R.M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A., Cantino, P.H., Conn, B., Grayer, R., Harley, M.M., Kok, R., Krestovskaja, T., Morales, A., Paton, A.J., Ryding, O. &amp; Upson, T. (2004) Labiatae. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Kadereit JW (Ed.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>The families and genera of vascular plants, Vol. 7.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Springer, Berlin, pp. 167–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18617-2_11</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Huson, D.H. &amp; Bryant, D. (2006) Application of Phylogenetic Networks in Evolutionary Studies. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Molecular Biology and Evolution </em></span><span lang="en-GB">23: 254–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msj030</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Ietswaart, J.H. (1980) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> sect. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Prolaticorolla</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Ietswaart. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Notes from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 38: 46–47. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Ietswaart, J.H. (1982) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 7.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Edinburgh Univ Press, Edinburgh, pp. 297–313.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Jiang, J.M. &amp; Liu, D.J. (1990) Intergeneric hybridization between wheat and wild barley species. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Acta-Agronomica-Sinica</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 16: 324–328.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Jolliffe, I.T. (2002) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Principal Component</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Springer Verlag, NewYork: Analysis, 487 pp. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Katsiotis, A., Nikoloudakis, N., Linos, A., Drossou, A. &amp; Constantinidis, T. (2009) Phylogenetic relationships in </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> spp. based on rDNA sequences and intra-genetic variation of Greek </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>O. vulgare</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> subsp. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>hirtum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> revealed by RAPD. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Scientia Horticulturae</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 121: 103–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2009.01.015</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Linnaeus, C. (1753) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Species Plantarum</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Salvius, Stockholm, pp. 567–590. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Lukas, B., Samuel, R., Mader, E., Başer, K.H.C., Duman, H. &amp; Novak, J. (2010) Marjoram versus Oregano: Complex evolutionary relationship in the section </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Majorana</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Benth., genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. (Lamiaceae). Molecular and phytochemical analyses of the genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. (Lamiaceae), PhD Diss. Universität Wien, Austria.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Masterson, J. (1994) Stomatal size in fossil plants: evidence for polyploidy in majority of angiosperms. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Science</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 264: 421–424. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.264.5157.421</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Martin, E., Dirmenci, T., Arabacı, T., Yazıcı, T &amp; Özcan, T. (2020) Karyotype studies on the genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. (Lamiaceae) species and some hybrids defining homoploidy. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Caryologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 73: 127–143. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Özer, Z., Çarıkçı, S., Yılmaz., H., Kılıç, T., Dirmenci, T. &amp; Gören, A.C. (2020) Determination of secondary metabolites of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum vulgare</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> subsp. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>hirtum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> and </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>O. vulgare</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> subsp. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>vulgare</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> by LC-MS/MS. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Journal of Chemical Metrology</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 14 (1): 25‒34. https://doi.org/10.25135/jcm.33.20.04.1610</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Özer, Z., Gören, A.C., Kılıç, T., Çarıkçı, S., Setzer, W.N. &amp; Dirmenci, T. (2021) Secondary Metabolits of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. (Lamiaceae). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Dirmenci, T. (ed.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>“Oregano” The genus Origanum (Lamiaceae): Taxonomy, Cultivation, Chemistry and Uses</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp. 167‒286.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Perrino, E.V., Valerio, F., Jallali, S., Trani, A. &amp; Mezzapesa, G.N. (2021) Ecological and Biological Properties of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Satureja cuneifolia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Ten. and </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Thymus spinulosus</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Ten.: Two Wild Officinal Species of Conservation Concern in Apulia (Italy). A Preliminary Survey. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Plants</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 10: 1952. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091952</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Perrino, E.V. &amp; Wagensommer, R.P. (2022) Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) Threatened and Endemic to Italy: Urgent Actions for Protection and Use. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Biology</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 11: 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11020193</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Rahaman, M.M., Kabir, G., Khatun, M.W., Akhter, S., Yasmin, N. &amp; Mondal, A. (2006) Intergeneric Hybridization Between Two Wheat and Two Barley Species. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences </em></span><span lang="en-GB">9 (3): 404–408. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2006.404.408</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Rao, D.D., Vorhies, J.S., Senzer, N. &amp; Nemunaitis, J. (2009) siRNA vs. shRNA: similarities and differences. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 61: 746–759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2009.04.004</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Rieseberg, L.H. &amp; Carney, S.E. (1998) Plant hybridization. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>New Phytologist </em></span><span lang="en-GB">140: 599–624. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00315.x</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Romesburg, H.C. (2004) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Cluster Analysis for Researchers</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. North Carolina: Lulu press. 334 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Shaw, J., Lickey, E.B., Schilling, E.E. &amp; Small, R.L. (2007) Comparison of whole chloroplast genome sequences to choose noncoding regions for phylogenetic studies in angiosperms: the tortoise and the hare III. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>American Journal of Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 94: 275–288. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.94.3.275</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Stanford, A.M., Harden, R. &amp; Parks, C.R. (2000) Phylogeny and biogeography of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Juglans</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Juglandaceae) based on matK and ITS sequence data. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>American Journal of Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 87: 872–882. https://doi.org/10.2307/2656895</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Swofford, D.L. (2003) PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and other methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Tonk, F.A., Yüce, S., Bayram, E., Giachino, R.R.A., Sönmez, Ç., Telci, I. &amp; Furan, M.A. (2010) Chemical and genetic variability of selected Turkish oregano (</span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Origanum</em></span> <span lang="en-GB"><em>onites</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L.) clones. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 288: 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0320-3</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Uritu, C.M., Mihai, C.T., Stanciu, G.B., Dodi, G., Alexa-Stratulat, T., Luca, A., Leon-Constantin, M.M., Stefanescu, R., Bild, V., Melnic, S. &amp; Tamba, B.I. (2018) Medicinal Plants of the Family Lamiaceae in Pain Therapy: A Review. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Pain Research and Management</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 2018: 7801543. [44 pp.] https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7801543 </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. &amp; Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. &amp; White, T.J. (eds.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Academic Press, New York, USA, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Yakimowski, S.B. &amp; Rieseberg, L.H. (2014) The role of homoploid hybridization in evolution: a century of studies synthesizing genetics and ecology. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>American Journal of Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 101: 1247–1258. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400201</span></span></span></span></p>