Abstract
An investigation of the genus Scleroderma from the Russian Far East was conducted using molecular genetics and morphological methods. A new species, Scleroderma furfuraceum, close to S. citrinum in morphology and ITS nrDNA, is described. The new taxon is also found in Japan, according to a sequence from ectomycorrhizal root tips in GenBank. Another species, S. venenatum, is a new record for Russia. We present the new species with illustrated description and molecular work. A table is provided showing the evolutionary distances between sequences within the ‘citrinum’ clade.
References
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<p>Brock, P.M., Döring, H. & Bidartondo, M.I. (2009) How to know unknown fungi: the role of a herbarium. <em>New Phytologist</em> 181: 719–724. </p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02703.x</p>
<p>Bulakh, E.M., Vasser, S.P., Nazarova, M.M. & Nezdoiminogo, E.L. (1990) <em>Lower plants, fungi and mosses of the Soviet Far East. Fungi. V. 1: Basidiomycetes: Russulaceae, Agaricaceae, Cortinariaceae, Paxillaceae, Gomphidiaceae, Strobilomycetaceae</em>. Leningrad: Nauka. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Bulakh, E.M. (2016) <em>Mushrooms of the Russian Far East</em>. Vladivostok, Russkij ostrov. 400 pp. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Richardson, D.M., Le Roux, J.J., Strasberg, D., Edwards, J., Roets, F., Hubka, V., Taylor, P.W.J., Heykoop, M., Martín, M.P., Moreno, G., Sutton, D.A., Wiederhold, N.P., Barnes, C.W., Carlavilla, J.R., Gené, J., Giraldo, A., Guarnaccia, V., Guarro, J., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Kolařík, M., Manjón, J.L., Pascoe, I.G., Popov, E.S., Sandoval-Denis, M., Woudenberg, J.H.C., Acharya, K., Alexandrova, A.V., Alvarado, P., Barbosa, R.N., Baseia, I.G., Blanchette, R.A., Boekhout, T., Burgess, T.I., Cano-Lira, J.F., Čmoková, A., Dimitrov, R.A., Dyakov, M.Yu., Dueñas, M., Dutta, A.K., Esteve-Raventós, F., Fedosova, A.G., Fournier, J., Gamboa, P., Gouliamova, D.E., Grebenc, T., Groenewald, M., Hanse, B., Hardy, G.E.St.J., Held, B.W., Jurjević, Ž., Kaewgrajang, T., Latha, K.P.D., Lombard, L., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lysková, P., Mallátová, N., Manimohan, P., Miller, A.N., Mirabolfathy, M., Morozova, O.V., Obodai, M., Oliveira, N.T., Ordóñez, M.E., Otto, E.C., Paloi, S., Peterson, S.W., Phosri, C., Roux, J., Salazar, W.A., Sánchez, A., Sarria, G.A., Shin, H.-D., Silva, B.D.B., Silva, G.A., Smith, M.Th., Souza-Motta, C.M., Stchigel, A.M., Stoilova-Disheva, M.M., Sulzbacher, M.A., Telleria, M.T., Toapanta, C., Traba, J.M., Valenzuela-Lopez, N., Watling, R. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2016) Fungal Planet description sheets: 400–468. <em>Persoonia</em> 36: 316–458.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.3767/003158516X692185</p>
<p>Csizmár, M., Cseh, P., Dima, B., Orlóci, L. & Bratek, Z. (2021) Macrofungi of urban <em>Tilia avenues</em> and gardens in Hungary. <em>Global Ecology and Conservation</em> 28: e01672.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01672</p>
<p>Ehrenberg, C.G. (1818) <em>Sylvae mycologicae Berolinenses</em>. Bruschke, Berlin, 32 pp.</p>
<p>Frank, J.L., Barry, S. & Southworth, D. (2006) Mammal mycophagy and dispersal of mycorrhizal inoculum in Oregon white oak woodlands. <em>Northwest Science</em> 80 (4): 264–273.</p>
<p>Fries, E.M. (1829) <em>Systema Mycologicum</em>. Vol. 3. Gryphiswaldiae. 259 pp.</p>
<p>Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specifity for Basidiomycetes: application to identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. <em>Molecular Ecology</em> 2: 113–118.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x</p>
<p>Guzmán, G. (1970) Monografia del genero <em>Scleroderma</em> Pers. emend Fr. <em>Darwiniana</em> 16 (1–2): 233–407.</p>
<p>Haelewaters, D., Dirks, A.C., Kappler, L.A., Mitchell, J.K., Quijada, L., Vandegrift, R., Buyck, B. & Pfister, D.H. (2018) A preliminary checklist of fungi at the Boston Harbor Islands. <em>Northeastern Naturalist</em> 25 (9): 45–76.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.1656/045.025.s904</p>
<p>Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. <em>Briefings in Bioinformatics</em> 20 (4): 1160–1166.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108</p>
<p>Kumla, J., Suwannarach, N., Bussaban, B. & Lumyong, S. (2013) <em>Scleroderma suthepense</em>, a new ectomycorrhizal fungus from Thailand. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 123: 1–7.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.5248/123.1</p>
<p>Miyamoto, Y., Terashima, Y. & Nara, K. (2018) Temperature niche position and breadth of ectomycorrhizal fungi: Reduced diversity under warming predicted by a nested community structure. <em>Global Change Biology</em> 24 (12): 5724–5737.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14446</p>
<p>Montagne, J.P.F.C. (1840) Séconde centurie de plantes cellulaires exotiques nouvelles, Décades VI, VII et VIII. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique</em> 14: 321–350.</p>
<p>Montagner, D.F., Coelho, G., Silveira, A.O., Baldoni, D.B. & Antoniolli, Z.I. (2015) Morphological and molecular analyses in <em>Scleroderma</em> (Basidiomycota) associated with exotic forests in Pampa biome, southern Brazil. <em>Mycosphere</em> 6 (3): 337–344.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/6/3/9</p>
<p>Nouhra, E.R., Hernandez Caffot, M.L., Pastor, N. & Crespo, E.M. (2012) The species of <em>Scleroderma</em> from Argentina, including a new species from the <em>Nothofagus</em> forest. <em>Mycologia </em>104 (2): 488–495.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.3852/11-082</p>
<p>Ortiz-Rivero, J., Watling, R., Guzmán-Dávalos, L. & Martin, M.P. (2021) The many-rooted earthball — <em>Scleroderma geaster</em> and <em>S. polyrhizum</em> revisited, with the description of a new species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 510 (1): 1–17.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.510.1.1</p>
<p>Palmer, J.M., Lindner, D.L. & Volk, T.J. (2008) Ectomycorrhizal characterization of an American chestnut (<em>Castanea dentata</em>) – dominated community in Western Wisconsin. <em>Mycorrhiza</em> 19 (1): 27–36.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-008-0200-7</p>
<p>Pegler, D.N., Laessøe, T. & Spooner, B.M. (1995) <em>British puffballs, earthstars end stinkhorns. An account of the British Gasteroid fungi</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens: Kew, 255 pp.</p>
<p>Persoon, C.H. (1801) <em>Synopsis Methodica Fungorum</em>. Göttingen: H. Dieterich.</p>
<p>Phosri, C., Martín, M.P., Watling, R., Jeppson, M. & Sihanonth, P. (2009) Molecular phylogeny and re-assessment of some <em>Scleroderma</em> spp. (Gasteromycetes). <em>Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid</em> 66: 83–91.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2199</p>
<p>Rauschert, S. (1959) Beitrag zur Nomenklatur mitteleuropäischer Gasteromyceten. <em>Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde</em> 25 (2): 50–55.</p>
<p>Rebriev, Yu.A., Belaya, E.V. & Dudka, I.А. (2014) The revision of the gasteromycetes proposed by P.E. Sosin as new for science which were validly published. <em>Mikologiya i fitopatologiya</em> 46 (1): 67–74. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Rebriev, Yu.A., Bulakh, E.M., Sazanova, N.A. & Shiryaev, A.G. (2020) New species of macromycetes for regions of Russian Far East. 1. <em>Mikologiya i fitopatologiya</em> 54 (4): 278–288. [in Russian]</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.31857/S0026364820040091</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology </em>61 (3): 539–542.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Rusevska, K., Karadelev, M., Phosri, C., Dueñas, M., Watling, R. & Martín, M.P. (2014) Rechecking of the genus <em>Scleroderma</em> (Gasteromycetes) from Macedonia using barcoding approach. <em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em> 38 (2): Article 17.</p>
<p> https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1301-36</p>
<p>Sims, K.P., Watling, R. & Jeffries, P. (1995) A revised key to the genus <em>Scleroderma</em>. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 56: 403–420.</p>
<p>Sosin, P.E. (1952) A new species of Gasteromycetes. <em>Bot Mater Otd Sporov Rast Bot Inst Komarova Akad Nauk S.S.S.R.</em> 8: 125–131. [in Russian]</p>
<p>Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021) MEGA 11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 38 (7): 3022–3027.</p>
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