Abstract
Two new epiphytic species of Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae), viz., Impatiens keralensis and Impatiens kurichiarmalayana are described from Wayanad district, Kerala, India. Impatiens keralensis is allied to I. modesta Wight and I. mohana Ratheesh, Sujana & Anil Kumar; and Impatiens kurichiarmalayana is to I. mankulamensis K. M. P. Kumar, R. Jagad. & Nagaraj and I. panduranganii K. M. P. Kumar, R. Jagad. & G. Prasad. The newly described taxa are readily distinguishable from their allied species by unique character combinations viz., leaf size, leaf, margin, lateral sepal, lower sepal, dorsal petal, wing petal and seeds. Detailed descriptions along with photographs and comparison tables are provided.
References
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<p>Bhaskar, V. & Sringeswara, A.N. (2018) <em>Impatiens bhimgadensis </em>(Balsaminaceae), a new species from Karnataka, India. <em>Current Science </em>114 (3): 443–445.</p>
<p>Bhaskar, V. (2012) <em>Taxonomic monograph on Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) of Western Ghats – The key genus for endemism. </em>Centre for Plant Taxonomic Studies, Bangalore, pp. 1–283.</p>
<p>Chhabra, T., Singh, R., Prabhukumar, K.M. & Hareesh, V.S. (2016) Three new taxa of <em>Impatiens </em>(Balsaminaceae) from southern Western Ghats, India. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany </em>34 (6): 708–717. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01139</p>
<p>Dessai, J.R.N. & Janarthanam, M.K. (2011) The genus Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) in the northern and parts of central Western Ghats. <em>Rheedea </em>21 (1): 23–80.</p>
<p>Grey-Wilson, C. (1985) Balsaminaceae. <em>In:</em> Dassanayake, M.D. (Ed.) <em>A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon</em>, <em>vol. 5.</em> Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.</p>
<p>Hareesh, V.S., Sreekumar, V.B., Dantas, K.J. & Sujanapal, P. (2015) <em>Impatiens</em> <em>sahyadrica</em> sp. nov. (Balsaminaceae) – a new species from southern Western Ghats, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>207 (3): 291–296. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.207.3.8</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and Criteria. Version 14. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 10 November 2020)</p>
<p>Karuppusamy Subbiah & Ravichandran Vellingiri (2019) <em>Impatiens</em> <em>flavescens</em> sp. nov. (Balsaminaceae), a first yellow flowered balsam from the southern Western Ghats of India. <em>Webbia</em> 74 (2): 265–269. http://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2019.1659547</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum. Vol. 2.</em> Salvius, Stockholm, 937 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</p>
<p>Mabberley, D.J. (2017) <em>Mabberley’s Plant-Book, A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses</em>, 4th ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.</p>
<p>Mani, B. & Thomas, S. (2017) <em>Impatiens brittoi </em>(Balsaminceae) sp. nov. from the Southern Western Ghats, India. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany </em>35 (4): 440–444. http://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01485</p>
<p>Mani, B., Thomas, S. & Britto, S.J. (2018) Two new species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from the Western Ghats, India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 334 (3): 233–240. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.334.3.4</p>
<p>Mani, B., Thomas, S. & Britto, S.J. (2020) A new species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) and rediscovery of <em>Impatiens</em> <em>aliciae</em> from the Western Ghats of India. <em>Taiwania </em>65 (4): 451–455. http://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2020.65.451</p>
<p>Manudev, K.M., Robi, A.J. & Nampy, S. (2017) <em>Impatiens stolonifera </em>(Balsaminaceae): a new scapigerous species from the southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>295 (1): 071–076. http://doi.org/10. 11646/phytotaxa.295.1.6</p>
<p>Mohan, V., Francis, D., Nampy, S. & Venugopal, D.K. (2021) <em>Impatiens raktakesara</em> (Balsaminaceae), a new species from the southern Western Ghats, India. <em>Brittonia</em>. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-021-09676-7</p>
<p>Narayanan, M.K. R, Sujana, K.A., Balakrishnan, V., Meera Raj, R. & Anil Kumar, N. (2012b) <em>Impatiens</em> <em>mohana</em> (Balsaminaceae), a new scapigerous balsam from Wayanad, Western Ghats, India. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany </em>69 (2): 281–285. https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042861200008X</p>
<p>Narayanan, M.K.R., Anil Kumar, N., Jayesh, P.J., Sunil, C.N. & Shaju, T. (2012a) <em>Impatiens johnsiana </em>(Balsaminaceae), A new scapigerous balsam from Western Ghats, India. <em>Journal of Botanical Research Institute of Texas </em>6 (1): 113–118.</p>
<p>Narayanan, M.K.R., Anil Kumar, N., Meera Raj, R., Sivadasan, M. & Alfarhan, A.H. (2011) A new scapigerous species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from India. <em>Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy </em>18 (2): 141–148. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v18i2.9299</p>
<p>Narayanan, M.K.R., Jayesh, P.J., Anil Kumar, N., Sivadasan, M. & Alfarhan, A.H. (2013) <em>Impatiens theuerkaufiana </em>(Balsaminaceae), a new scapigerous species from the Western Ghats, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>83 (1): 54–60. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.83.1.3</p>
<p>Prabhukumar, K.M., Hareesh, V.S., Bhaskar, V., Sreekumar, V.B., Nirmesh, T.K. & Indira Balachandran (2016) <em>Impatiens glabrata </em>(Balsaminaceae) – A new species from southern Western Ghats, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>266 (1): 33–39. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.266.1.5</p>
<p>Prabhukumar, K.M., Hareesh, V.S., Sreekumar, V.B., Nirmesh, T.K. & Indira Balachandran (2015a) <em>Impatiens neo-modesta </em>(Balsaminaceae)- A new species from Western Ghats, India. <em>Webbia </em>70 (2): 231–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2015.1074792</p>
<p>Prabhukumar, K.M., Jagdeesan, R., Prasad, G., Nagaraj, B.N., Naveen Kumar, V.N., Bhaskar, V. & Indira Balachandran (2017) Two new taxa of <em>Impatiens </em>(Balsaminaceae) from southern parts of Western Ghats, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>296 (3): 281–286. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.296.3.7</p>
<p>Prabhukumar, K.M., Omalsree, M., Hareesh, V.S., Bhaskar, V., Nirmesh, T.K., Sreekumar, V.B. & Indira Balachandran (2015b) Two new taxa of <em>Impatiens </em>L. (Balsaminaceae) from Western Ghats of India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>238 (3): 255–264. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.296.3.7</p>
<p>Ramasubbu, R, Divya, C., Sasikala, N., Surendran, A. & Sreekala, A.K. (2017) <em>Impatiens megamalayana</em>, a new species of <em>Impatiens </em>from the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>300 (2): 193–197. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.302.2.10</p>
<p>Ramasubbu, R, Felix Irudhyaraj, D., Mohanraj, A. & Pandurangan, A.G. (2015b) <em>Impatiens matthewiana</em>, A new scapigerous balsam from Western Ghats, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>227 (3): 268–274. http://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.227.3.6</p>
<p>Ramasubbu, R, Manikandan, G., Mehalingam, P. & Pandurangan, A.G. (2015a) <em>Impatiens courtallensis </em>(Balsaminaceae), A new species of <em>Impatiens </em>from Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>203 (2): 199–204. http://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.2.10</p>
<p>Ramasubbu, R., Anjana, S. & Chandra Prabha, A. (2020) A new species <em>Impatiens </em>L. (Balsaminaceae) from Kodaikkanal Wildlife sanctuary, India. <em>Taiwania</em> 65 (4): 426–430. http://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2020.65.426</p>
<p>Salish, M.J., Hareesh, V.S., Arun, L., Sandeep, S. & Rajan, R. (2019) A new species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from Eravikulam National Park, southern Western Ghats, India. <em>Webbia</em> 74 (2): 271–274. http://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2019.1637176</p>
<p>Sindhu, A., Govind, M.G., Suresh,V., Walsan, K.V. & Kumar, V.N.S.A. (2021) Three new species of <em>Impatiens</em> (<em>Balsaminaceae</em>) from southern Western Ghats, Kerala. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 180: 157–171. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.66748</p>
<p>Singh, R.K. (2016) Typification of thirty six names of thirty five recognized taxa in Impatiens (Balsaminaceae), endemic to Western Ghats. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 268 (3): 167–180. http://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.268.3.1</p>
<p>Vishnu, M., Venugopal, D.K., Francis, D. & Nampy, S. (2020) Two new scapigerous species of <em>Impatiens</em> (<em>Balsaminaceae</em>) from southern Western Ghats, India. <em>Taiwania</em> 65 (2): 187–194. http://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2020.65.187</p>
<p>Vivekananthan, K., Rathakrishnan, N.C., Swaminathan, M.S. & Ghara, L.K. (1997) Balsaminaceae. <em>In: </em>Hajra, P.K., Nair, V.J. & Daniel, P. (Eds.) <em>Flora of India, vol. 4</em>. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 95–229.</p>
<p>Bhaskar, V. & Sringeswara, A.N. (2017) Two new species of <em>Impatiens </em>L. under the section: ‘Annuae’ (Balsaminaceae) from Western Ghats, India. <em>Webbia </em>72 (2): 165–170. http://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2017.1370208</p>
<p>Bhaskar, V. & Sringeswara, A.N. (2018) <em>Impatiens bhimgadensis </em>(Balsaminaceae), a new species from Karnataka, India. <em>Current Science </em>114 (3): 443–445.</p>
<p>Bhaskar, V. (2012) <em>Taxonomic monograph on Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) of Western Ghats – The key genus for endemism. </em>Centre for Plant Taxonomic Studies, Bangalore, pp. 1–283.</p>
<p>Chhabra, T., Singh, R., Prabhukumar, K.M. & Hareesh, V.S. (2016) Three new taxa of <em>Impatiens </em>(Balsaminaceae) from southern Western Ghats, India. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany </em>34 (6): 708–717. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01139</p>
<p>Dessai, J.R.N. & Janarthanam, M.K. (2011) The genus Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) in the northern and parts of central Western Ghats. <em>Rheedea </em>21 (1): 23–80.</p>
<p>Grey-Wilson, C. (1985) Balsaminaceae. <em>In:</em> Dassanayake, M.D. (Ed.) <em>A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon</em>, <em>vol. 5.</em> Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.</p>
<p>Hareesh, V.S., Sreekumar, V.B., Dantas, K.J. & Sujanapal, P. (2015) <em>Impatiens</em> <em>sahyadrica</em> sp. nov. (Balsaminaceae) – a new species from southern Western Ghats, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>207 (3): 291–296. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.207.3.8</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and Criteria. Version 14. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 10 November 2020)</p>
<p>Karuppusamy Subbiah & Ravichandran Vellingiri (2019) <em>Impatiens</em> <em>flavescens</em> sp. nov. (Balsaminaceae), a first yellow flowered balsam from the southern Western Ghats of India. <em>Webbia</em> 74 (2): 265–269. http://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2019.1659547</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum. Vol. 2.</em> Salvius, Stockholm, 937 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</p>
<p>Mabberley, D.J. (2017) <em>Mabberley’s Plant-Book, A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses</em>, 4th ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.</p>
<p>Mani, B. & Thomas, S. (2017) <em>Impatiens brittoi </em>(Balsaminceae) sp. nov. from the Southern Western Ghats, India. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany </em>35 (4): 440–444. http://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01485</p>
<p>Mani, B., Thomas, S. & Britto, S.J. (2018) Two new species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from the Western Ghats, India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 334 (3): 233–240. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.334.3.4</p>
<p>Mani, B., Thomas, S. & Britto, S.J. (2020) A new species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) and rediscovery of <em>Impatiens</em> <em>aliciae</em> from the Western Ghats of India. <em>Taiwania </em>65 (4): 451–455. http://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2020.65.451</p>
<p>Manudev, K.M., Robi, A.J. & Nampy, S. (2017) <em>Impatiens stolonifera </em>(Balsaminaceae): a new scapigerous species from the southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>295 (1): 071–076. http://doi.org/10. 11646/phytotaxa.295.1.6</p>
<p>Mohan, V., Francis, D., Nampy, S. & Venugopal, D.K. (2021) <em>Impatiens raktakesara</em> (Balsaminaceae), a new species from the southern Western Ghats, India. <em>Brittonia</em>. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-021-09676-7</p>
<p>Narayanan, M.K. R, Sujana, K.A., Balakrishnan, V., Meera Raj, R. & Anil Kumar, N. (2012b) <em>Impatiens</em> <em>mohana</em> (Balsaminaceae), a new scapigerous balsam from Wayanad, Western Ghats, India. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany </em>69 (2): 281–285. https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042861200008X</p>
<p>Narayanan, M.K.R., Anil Kumar, N., Jayesh, P.J., Sunil, C.N. & Shaju, T. (2012a) <em>Impatiens johnsiana </em>(Balsaminaceae), A new scapigerous balsam from Western Ghats, India. <em>Journal of Botanical Research Institute of Texas </em>6 (1): 113–118.</p>
<p>Narayanan, M.K.R., Anil Kumar, N., Meera Raj, R., Sivadasan, M. & Alfarhan, A.H. (2011) A new scapigerous species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from India. <em>Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy </em>18 (2): 141–148. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v18i2.9299</p>
<p>Narayanan, M.K.R., Jayesh, P.J., Anil Kumar, N., Sivadasan, M. & Alfarhan, A.H. (2013) <em>Impatiens theuerkaufiana </em>(Balsaminaceae), a new scapigerous species from the Western Ghats, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>83 (1): 54–60. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.83.1.3</p>
<p>Prabhukumar, K.M., Hareesh, V.S., Bhaskar, V., Sreekumar, V.B., Nirmesh, T.K. & Indira Balachandran (2016) <em>Impatiens glabrata </em>(Balsaminaceae) – A new species from southern Western Ghats, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>266 (1): 33–39. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.266.1.5</p>
<p>Prabhukumar, K.M., Hareesh, V.S., Sreekumar, V.B., Nirmesh, T.K. & Indira Balachandran (2015a) <em>Impatiens neo-modesta </em>(Balsaminaceae)- A new species from Western Ghats, India. <em>Webbia </em>70 (2): 231–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2015.1074792</p>
<p>Prabhukumar, K.M., Jagdeesan, R., Prasad, G., Nagaraj, B.N., Naveen Kumar, V.N., Bhaskar, V. & Indira Balachandran (2017) Two new taxa of <em>Impatiens </em>(Balsaminaceae) from southern parts of Western Ghats, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>296 (3): 281–286. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.296.3.7</p>
<p>Prabhukumar, K.M., Omalsree, M., Hareesh, V.S., Bhaskar, V., Nirmesh, T.K., Sreekumar, V.B. & Indira Balachandran (2015b) Two new taxa of <em>Impatiens </em>L. (Balsaminaceae) from Western Ghats of India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>238 (3): 255–264. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.296.3.7</p>
<p>Ramasubbu, R, Divya, C., Sasikala, N., Surendran, A. & Sreekala, A.K. (2017) <em>Impatiens megamalayana</em>, a new species of <em>Impatiens </em>from the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>300 (2): 193–197. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.302.2.10</p>
<p>Ramasubbu, R, Felix Irudhyaraj, D., Mohanraj, A. & Pandurangan, A.G. (2015b) <em>Impatiens matthewiana</em>, A new scapigerous balsam from Western Ghats, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>227 (3): 268–274. http://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.227.3.6</p>
<p>Ramasubbu, R, Manikandan, G., Mehalingam, P. & Pandurangan, A.G. (2015a) <em>Impatiens courtallensis </em>(Balsaminaceae), A new species of <em>Impatiens </em>from Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>203 (2): 199–204. http://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.2.10</p>
<p>Ramasubbu, R., Anjana, S. & Chandra Prabha, A. (2020) A new species <em>Impatiens </em>L. (Balsaminaceae) from Kodaikkanal Wildlife sanctuary, India. <em>Taiwania</em> 65 (4): 426–430. http://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2020.65.426</p>
<p>Salish, M.J., Hareesh, V.S., Arun, L., Sandeep, S. & Rajan, R. (2019) A new species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from Eravikulam National Park, southern Western Ghats, India. <em>Webbia</em> 74 (2): 271–274. http://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2019.1637176</p>
<p>Sindhu, A., Govind, M.G., Suresh,V., Walsan, K.V. & Kumar, V.N.S.A. (2021) Three new species of <em>Impatiens</em> (<em>Balsaminaceae</em>) from southern Western Ghats, Kerala. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 180: 157–171. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.66748</p>
<p>Singh, R.K. (2016) Typification of thirty six names of thirty five recognized taxa in Impatiens (Balsaminaceae), endemic to Western Ghats. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 268 (3): 167–180. http://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.268.3.1</p>
<p>Vishnu, M., Venugopal, D.K., Francis, D. & Nampy, S. (2020) Two new scapigerous species of <em>Impatiens</em> (<em>Balsaminaceae</em>) from southern Western Ghats, India. <em>Taiwania</em> 65 (2): 187–194. http://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2020.65.187</p>
<p>Vivekananthan, K., Rathakrishnan, N.C., Swaminathan, M.S. & Ghara, L.K. (1997) Balsaminaceae. <em>In: </em>Hajra, P.K., Nair, V.J. & Daniel, P. (Eds.) <em>Flora of India, vol. 4</em>. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 95–229.</p>