Abstract
After almost 30 years since the last description of a Lamourouxia species, in this paper, two new species are described, illustrated, and compared. The new species are endemic to the states of Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, and Sinaloa in western and northwestern Mexico, and as several species of the genus, these are of restricted geographic distribution and have scarce representation in biological collections. The new species belong to Lamourouxia section Hemispadon. With these new species Lamourouxia reaches a total of 30 species all occurring in the American continent.
References
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>Zookeys </em>150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Baldini, R.M., MacVean, A.L., Cristofolini, G., Daniel, T.F., Managlia, A. & Galloni, M. (2019) Synopsis and typification of the names published by Antonio Bertoloni in Florula Guatimalensis and in preceding publications. <em>Phytotaxa </em>420 (3): 199–223. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.420.3.1</p>
<p>Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. (2000) Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. <em>Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden </em>85: 1–246.</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1846) <em>Lamourouxia</em>. <em>In:</em> De Candolle, A. (Ed.) <em>Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis</em> 10. Masson, Paris, pp. 539–542.</p>
<p>Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (2016) <em>Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia</em> Vol. II. Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, 1560 pp.</p>
<p>Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993) Catalogue of the Flowering plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. <em>Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>45: 1–1286.</p>
<p>Correa, M.D., Galdames, C. & Stapt, M. (2004) <em>Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Panamá</em>. Quebecor World Bogotá, S.A., Bogotá, 599 pp.</p>
<p>Cronquist, A. (1978) Once again, what is a species?. <em>In: </em>Knutson, L.V. (Ed.) <em>Biosystematics in Agriculture</em>. Allenheld Osmun, Montclair, New Jersey, pp. 3–20.</p>
<p>Cronquist, A. (1981) <em>An integrated system of classification of flowering plants</em>. Columbia University Press, New York, 1262 pp.</p>
<p>Ernst, W.R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of <em>Lamourouxia</em> (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). <em>Smithsonian Contributions to Botany</em> 6: 1–63.</p>
<p>Ernst, W.R. & Baad, M.F. (1970 [1971]) Two new species of <em>Lamourouxia </em>(Scrophulariaceae) in Mexico. <em>Madroño </em>20: 342–346.</p>
<p>Fu, W., Liu, X., Zhang, N., Song, Z., Zhang, W., Yang, J. & Wang, Y. (2017) Testing the hypothesis of multiple origins of holoparasitism in Orobanchaceae: Phylogenetic evidence from the last two unplaced holoparasitic genera, <em>Gleadovia</em> and <em>Phacellanthus</em>. <em>Frontiers in Plant Science</em> 8: 1380. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01380</p>
<p>Galán, P. (2020) Tratamiento para los géneros <em>Castilleja </em>y <em>Lamourouxia </em>(Orobanchaceae) en El Salvador, Centro América. <em>BIOMA </em>54 (5): 22–35.</p>
<p>González-Elizondo, M.S., González-Elizondo, M., Ruacho-González, L., López-Enríquez, I.L., Retana-Rentería, F.I. & Tena-Flores, J.A. (2013) Ecosystems and Diversity of the Sierra Madre Occidental. <em>In</em>: Gottfried, G.J., Ffolliott, P.F., Gebow, B.S., Eskew, L.G. & Collins, L.C. (Comps.) <em>Merging science and management in a rapidly changing world: Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipielago III</em>. <em>Proceedings RMRS-P-67</em>. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, pp. 203–211.</p>
<p>Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (2015) Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen VIII. Dicotiledóneas (Sabiaceae-Zygophyllaceae). <em>Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>131: 1–657.</p>
<p>Heide-Jørgensen, H.S. (2013) Introduction: The parasitic syndrome in higher plants. <em>In</em>: Joel, D.M., Gressel, J. & Musselman, L.J. (Eds.) <em>Parasitic Orobanchaceae: Parasitic Mechanisms and Control Strategies</em>. Springer, Berlin, pp. 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38146-1</p>
<p>Holmgren, N.H. & Molau, U. (1984) Scrophulariaceae. <em>In: </em>Harling, G.W. & Sparre, B.B. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Ecuador.</em> University of Göteborg & Swedish Museum of Natural History, Göteborg & Stockholm, 189 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 28 July 2021).</p>
<p>Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (1999) Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. <em>Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>75: 1–1181.</p>
<p>Kunth, K.S. (1817[1818]) <em>Lamourouxia. In</em>: Humboldt, F.W.H.A., Bonpland, A.J.A. & Kunth, K.S. (Eds.) <em>Nova Genera et Species Plantarum</em>. Vol 2. Quarto ed., Librairie Grecque-Latine-Allemande, Paris, pp. 335–339. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.640</p>
<p>Lindley, J. (1843) Miscellaneous matter of the Botanical Register. <em>Edward’s Botanical Register </em>29: 1–85.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1763) <em>Species Plantarum. </em>Vol. 2. Ed. 2. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 784 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11179</p>
<p>McNeal, J.R., Bennett, J.R., Wolfe, A.D. & Mathews, S. (2013) Phylogeny and origins of holoparasitism in Orobanchaceae. <em>American Journal of Botany </em>100: 971–983. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200448</p>
<p>Nelson-Sutherland, C.H. (2008) <em>Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Honduras, Espermatofitas. </em>Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 1576 pp.</p>
<p>Nickrent, D.L. (2020) Parasitic angiosperms: How often and how many? <em>Taxon</em> 69: 5–27. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12195</p>
<p>Olmstead, R.G., DePamphilis, C.W., Wolfe, A.D., Young, N.D., Elisons, W.J. & Reeves, P.A. (2001) Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 88: 348–361. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657024</p>
<p>Olmstead, R.G. & Reeves, P.A. (1995) Evidence for the polyphyly of the Scrophulariaceae based on chloroplast <em>rbc</em>L and <em>ndh</em>F sequences. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 82: 176–193. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399876</p>
<p>Oxelman, B., Kornhall, P., Olmstead, R.G. & Bremer, B. (2005) Further disintegration of Scrophulariaceae. <em>Taxon</em> 54: 411–425. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065369</p>
<p>Paray, L. (1950) El género <em>Lamourouxia </em>en México. <em>Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México </em>11: 5–16. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.965</p>
<p>QGIS Development Team (2016) <em>QGIS Geographic Information System.</em> Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project.</p>
<p>Robinson, B.L. & Greenman, J.M. (1895) A synoptic revision of the genus <em>Lamourouxia</em>. <em>Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University </em>9: 169–174.</p>
<p>Rzedowski, J. (2019) Los géneros de fanerógamas que, sin ser endémicos de México, dan carácter a su flora. <em>Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad</em> 90: e902946. https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2946</p>
<p>Sosa, V. & De-Nova, A. (2012) Endemic angiosperm lineages in Mexico: Hotspots for conservation. <em>Acta Botanica Mexicana </em>100: 293–315.</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. & Williams, L.O. (1973) Scrophulariaceae. Flora of Guatemala Part IX No. 4. <em>Fieldiana, Botany</em> 24 (9): 319–415.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) <em>Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. </em>New York Botanical Garden´s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 28 July 2021)</p>
<p>Turner, B.L. (1993) Two new species of <em>Lamourouxia</em> (Scrophulariaceae) from Mexico. <em>Phytologia</em> 74: 464–467.</p>
<p>Young, N.D., Steiner, K.E. & DePamphilis, C.W. (1999) The evolution of parasitism in the Scrophulariaceae/Orobanchaceae: plastid gene sequences refute an evolutionary transition series. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 86: 876–893. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666173</p>
<p>Williams, L.O. (1972) Tropical American Plants, XII. <em>Fieldiana, Botany</em> 34 (8): 101–132. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2599</p>
<p>Wolfe, A.D., Randle, C.P., Liu, L. & Steiner, K.E. (2005) Phylogeny and biogeography of Orobanchaceae. <em>Folia Geobotanica</em> 40: 115–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02803229</p>
<p>Woodson, R.E., Schery, R.W. & D’Arcy, W.G. (1979) Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 171. Scrophulariaceae. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>66 (2): 173–274.</p>
<p>Baldini, R.M., MacVean, A.L., Cristofolini, G., Daniel, T.F., Managlia, A. & Galloni, M. (2019) Synopsis and typification of the names published by Antonio Bertoloni in Florula Guatimalensis and in preceding publications. <em>Phytotaxa </em>420 (3): 199–223. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.420.3.1</p>
<p>Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. (2000) Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. <em>Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden </em>85: 1–246.</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1846) <em>Lamourouxia</em>. <em>In:</em> De Candolle, A. (Ed.) <em>Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis</em> 10. Masson, Paris, pp. 539–542.</p>
<p>Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (2016) <em>Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia</em> Vol. II. Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, 1560 pp.</p>
<p>Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993) Catalogue of the Flowering plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. <em>Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>45: 1–1286.</p>
<p>Correa, M.D., Galdames, C. & Stapt, M. (2004) <em>Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Panamá</em>. Quebecor World Bogotá, S.A., Bogotá, 599 pp.</p>
<p>Cronquist, A. (1978) Once again, what is a species?. <em>In: </em>Knutson, L.V. (Ed.) <em>Biosystematics in Agriculture</em>. Allenheld Osmun, Montclair, New Jersey, pp. 3–20.</p>
<p>Cronquist, A. (1981) <em>An integrated system of classification of flowering plants</em>. Columbia University Press, New York, 1262 pp.</p>
<p>Ernst, W.R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of <em>Lamourouxia</em> (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). <em>Smithsonian Contributions to Botany</em> 6: 1–63.</p>
<p>Ernst, W.R. & Baad, M.F. (1970 [1971]) Two new species of <em>Lamourouxia </em>(Scrophulariaceae) in Mexico. <em>Madroño </em>20: 342–346.</p>
<p>Fu, W., Liu, X., Zhang, N., Song, Z., Zhang, W., Yang, J. & Wang, Y. (2017) Testing the hypothesis of multiple origins of holoparasitism in Orobanchaceae: Phylogenetic evidence from the last two unplaced holoparasitic genera, <em>Gleadovia</em> and <em>Phacellanthus</em>. <em>Frontiers in Plant Science</em> 8: 1380. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01380</p>
<p>Galán, P. (2020) Tratamiento para los géneros <em>Castilleja </em>y <em>Lamourouxia </em>(Orobanchaceae) en El Salvador, Centro América. <em>BIOMA </em>54 (5): 22–35.</p>
<p>González-Elizondo, M.S., González-Elizondo, M., Ruacho-González, L., López-Enríquez, I.L., Retana-Rentería, F.I. & Tena-Flores, J.A. (2013) Ecosystems and Diversity of the Sierra Madre Occidental. <em>In</em>: Gottfried, G.J., Ffolliott, P.F., Gebow, B.S., Eskew, L.G. & Collins, L.C. (Comps.) <em>Merging science and management in a rapidly changing world: Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipielago III</em>. <em>Proceedings RMRS-P-67</em>. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, pp. 203–211.</p>
<p>Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (2015) Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen VIII. Dicotiledóneas (Sabiaceae-Zygophyllaceae). <em>Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>131: 1–657.</p>
<p>Heide-Jørgensen, H.S. (2013) Introduction: The parasitic syndrome in higher plants. <em>In</em>: Joel, D.M., Gressel, J. & Musselman, L.J. (Eds.) <em>Parasitic Orobanchaceae: Parasitic Mechanisms and Control Strategies</em>. Springer, Berlin, pp. 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38146-1</p>
<p>Holmgren, N.H. & Molau, U. (1984) Scrophulariaceae. <em>In: </em>Harling, G.W. & Sparre, B.B. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Ecuador.</em> University of Göteborg & Swedish Museum of Natural History, Göteborg & Stockholm, 189 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 28 July 2021).</p>
<p>Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (1999) Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. <em>Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>75: 1–1181.</p>
<p>Kunth, K.S. (1817[1818]) <em>Lamourouxia. In</em>: Humboldt, F.W.H.A., Bonpland, A.J.A. & Kunth, K.S. (Eds.) <em>Nova Genera et Species Plantarum</em>. Vol 2. Quarto ed., Librairie Grecque-Latine-Allemande, Paris, pp. 335–339. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.640</p>
<p>Lindley, J. (1843) Miscellaneous matter of the Botanical Register. <em>Edward’s Botanical Register </em>29: 1–85.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1763) <em>Species Plantarum. </em>Vol. 2. Ed. 2. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 784 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11179</p>
<p>McNeal, J.R., Bennett, J.R., Wolfe, A.D. & Mathews, S. (2013) Phylogeny and origins of holoparasitism in Orobanchaceae. <em>American Journal of Botany </em>100: 971–983. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200448</p>
<p>Nelson-Sutherland, C.H. (2008) <em>Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Honduras, Espermatofitas. </em>Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 1576 pp.</p>
<p>Nickrent, D.L. (2020) Parasitic angiosperms: How often and how many? <em>Taxon</em> 69: 5–27. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12195</p>
<p>Olmstead, R.G., DePamphilis, C.W., Wolfe, A.D., Young, N.D., Elisons, W.J. & Reeves, P.A. (2001) Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 88: 348–361. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657024</p>
<p>Olmstead, R.G. & Reeves, P.A. (1995) Evidence for the polyphyly of the Scrophulariaceae based on chloroplast <em>rbc</em>L and <em>ndh</em>F sequences. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 82: 176–193. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399876</p>
<p>Oxelman, B., Kornhall, P., Olmstead, R.G. & Bremer, B. (2005) Further disintegration of Scrophulariaceae. <em>Taxon</em> 54: 411–425. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065369</p>
<p>Paray, L. (1950) El género <em>Lamourouxia </em>en México. <em>Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México </em>11: 5–16. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.965</p>
<p>QGIS Development Team (2016) <em>QGIS Geographic Information System.</em> Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project.</p>
<p>Robinson, B.L. & Greenman, J.M. (1895) A synoptic revision of the genus <em>Lamourouxia</em>. <em>Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University </em>9: 169–174.</p>
<p>Rzedowski, J. (2019) Los géneros de fanerógamas que, sin ser endémicos de México, dan carácter a su flora. <em>Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad</em> 90: e902946. https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2946</p>
<p>Sosa, V. & De-Nova, A. (2012) Endemic angiosperm lineages in Mexico: Hotspots for conservation. <em>Acta Botanica Mexicana </em>100: 293–315.</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. & Williams, L.O. (1973) Scrophulariaceae. Flora of Guatemala Part IX No. 4. <em>Fieldiana, Botany</em> 24 (9): 319–415.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) <em>Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. </em>New York Botanical Garden´s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 28 July 2021)</p>
<p>Turner, B.L. (1993) Two new species of <em>Lamourouxia</em> (Scrophulariaceae) from Mexico. <em>Phytologia</em> 74: 464–467.</p>
<p>Young, N.D., Steiner, K.E. & DePamphilis, C.W. (1999) The evolution of parasitism in the Scrophulariaceae/Orobanchaceae: plastid gene sequences refute an evolutionary transition series. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 86: 876–893. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666173</p>
<p>Williams, L.O. (1972) Tropical American Plants, XII. <em>Fieldiana, Botany</em> 34 (8): 101–132. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2599</p>
<p>Wolfe, A.D., Randle, C.P., Liu, L. & Steiner, K.E. (2005) Phylogeny and biogeography of Orobanchaceae. <em>Folia Geobotanica</em> 40: 115–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02803229</p>
<p>Woodson, R.E., Schery, R.W. & D’Arcy, W.G. (1979) Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 171. Scrophulariaceae. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>66 (2): 173–274.</p>