Abstract
Microlicia piauiensis is described as a new species from Serra das Confusões, a mountainous region located in a transition zone between the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) and the Caatinga (deciduous bushland in semi-arid areas) domains. Microlicia piauiensis can be recognized by its branchlets, leaves and hypanthia that are glandular-punctate and covered with gland-tipped trichomes, leaves on short petioles, revolute leaf margins, oblong calyx lobes, magenta petals that are yellow at the base, and isomorphic stamens with small but discernible appendages at the ventral base of the pedoconnectives. Microlicia piauiensis has a distribution that is more than 400 kms distant from all areas of endemism previously identified for the tribe Lavoisiereae. It is the first species of Melastomataceae reported as endemic to Piauí. Photos of living and dried specimens are provided, as well as a distribution map, and morphological comparisons with putative relatives. A conservation status of Endangered is suggested for M. piauiensis.
References
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<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting red list threat assessments with GeoCAT: Geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117–126.</p>
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<p>Carmo, A., Pacifico, R., Gonçales-Silva, R., Gonçalves Sbais, P., Fidanza, K. & de Souza, L.A. (2019) Epidermal micromorphology and venation patterns of Microlicieae (Melastomataceae) leaves: Looking for new characters for the taxonomy of this neotropical tribe. <em>Flora </em>261: 151494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2019.151494</p>
<p>Chamisso, A. (1834) De plantis in expeditione speculatoria Romanzoffiana et in herbariis regiis berolinensibus observatis - Melastomaceae americanae. <em>Linnea</em> 9: 368–402.</p>
<p>Cogniaux, C.A. (1883) Melastomataceae: Microlicieae. <em>In</em>: Martius, C.F.P. & Eichler, A.G. (Eds.) <em>Flora brasiliensis 14. </em>Lipsiae, Frid. Fleischer, Munich, pp. 5–205</p>
<p>Côrtes, A.L.A., Borges, R.L.B. & Rapini, A. (2010) Reinstatement of <em>Thyrsacanthus </em>Moric. (Acanthaceae) and taxonomic novelties in the genus. <em>Taxon </em>59: 965–972. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.593025</p>
<p>Don, D. (1823) [‘’1822’’] An illustration of the natural family of plants called Melastomaceae. <em>Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society</em> 4: 276–329</p>
<p>Fernandes, G.W. (ed.) (2016) <em>Ecology and conservation of mountaintop grasslands in Brazil</em>. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 567 pp.</p>
<p>Fernandez, E.P., Moraes, M.D.A., Avancini, R.F. & Martinelli, G. (2011) <em>Flora do Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões, Piauí, Brasil: estado de conhecimento atual e conservação. In: </em>62º Congresso Nacional de Botância. Sociedade Brasíleira de Botânica, Fortaleza, Brazil.</p>
<p>Fontelas, J.C., Diniz, D.O. & Romero, R. (2022) Two new species of <em>Microlicia </em>(Melastomataceae) from Goiás state, Brazil. <em>Brittonia. h</em>ttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-022-09703-1</p>
<p>Gali, L., Pacifico, R., Almeda, F. & Fidanza, K. (2022) Two new species of <em>Microlicia </em>(Melastomataceae) from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa </em>544: 52–60. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.544.1.4</p>
<p>Goldenberg, R., Gonella, P.M. & Meyer, F.S. (2022) Four new species of <em>Pleroma </em>(Melastomataceae) from campos rupestres and vegetation on granitic inselbergs in Eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany</em> 79: 624. https://doi.org/10.24823/EJB.2022.624</p>
<p>Humboldt, A. & Bonpland, A. (1823) Monographie des Mélastomacées. <em>In</em>: Humboldt, A. & Bonpland, A. (Eds.) <em>Monographia Melastomacearum, Vol. 2 - Rhexies</em>. Chez Gide Fils, Paris, pp. 1–158.</p>
<p>IBAMA (2003) <em>Plano de Manejo do Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões.</em> Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Brasília, 230 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN (2019)<em> Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14.</em> Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 15 December 2021).</p>
<p>Lepeletier, A.L.M. (1836) <em>Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hyménoptères, 1</em>. Paris, Roret’s Suites à Buffon, 547 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9005</p>
<p>Lima, L. & Salino, A. (2018) <em>Sticherus salinoi</em>, a new species of <em>Sticherus</em> (Gleicheniaceae, Polypodiopsida) from Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 345: 78–82. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.345.1.10</p>
<p>Mutzenberg, D.S., Correa, A.C.B., Tavares, A.A.C. & Cisneiros, D. (2015) Serra da Capivara National Park: Ruiniform landscapes on the Parnaiba <em>Cuesta</em>. <em>In</em>: Vieira, B.C., Salgado, A.A.R. & Santos, J.J.C. (Eds.) <em>Landscapes and landforms of Brazil</em>. World Geomorphological Landscapes, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, pp. 253–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8023-0_23</p>
<p>Koschnitzke, C. & Martins, A.B. (2007) Nomenclatural alterations in Microlicieae (Melastomataceae). <em>Novon </em>17: 472–475. https://doi.org/10.3417/1055-3177(2007)17[472:NAIMM]2.0.CO;2</p>
<p>Markgraf, F. (1927) Plantae Luetzelburgianae brasilenses VII. <em>Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem </em>10: 43–54.</p>
<p>Martins, A.B. (1989) <em>Revisão taxonômica do gênero Marcetia DC. (Melastomataceae)</em>. Ph.D. thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 277 pp.</p>
<p>Martins, A.B. & Almeda, F. (2017) A monograph of the Brazilian endemic genus <em>Lavoisiera</em> (Melastomataceae: Microlicieae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 315: 1–194. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.315.1.1</p>
<p>Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. <em>Nature </em>403: 853–858. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501</p>
<p>Naudin, C. (1845) Melastomacearum monographicae descriptionis. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles</em>, sér. 3, 3: 169–192</p>
<p>Naudin, C.V. (1849) Melastomatacearum monographieae descriptiones. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles</em>, sér. 3, 12: 196–270.</p>
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