Abstract
A new species of Rudgea (Rubiaceae) was discovered in a forest remnant in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, within the Atlantic Rainforest, and is distinguished by its relatively small leaves, reduced inflorescences, and the broadly infundibular, externally densely tomentose corolla. Rudgea infundibuliformis is categorized as Critically Endangered, and is known so far from a single locality, the “Mata do Quimbira”, in the municipality of Italva. This rare species is probably related to other species of the Jasminoides informal Group, sharing characters as the leaf blade with axillary domatia in the secondary veins beneath, terminal and pedunculate inflorescences, lobed calyx, infundibular corolla, and ripe fruits orange or red.
References
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>In</em>: Smith, V. & Penev, L. (eds.) e-Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Barrabé, L., Buerki, S., Mouly, A., Davis, A.P., Munzinger, J. & Maggia, L. (2012) Delimitation of the genus <em>Margaritopsis </em>(Rubiaceae) in the Asian, Australasian and Pacific region, based on molecular phylogenetic inference and morphology. <em>Taxon </em>61 (6): 1251–1268. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.616007</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1850) Plantae Regnellianae (Continuatio) Rubiaceae. <em>Linnaea</em> 23: 455–466.</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1853[“1852”]) <em>In</em> Oersted, A.S. Centralamericas Rubiaceer. <em>Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn</em> 1852 (2–4): 23–61.</p>
<p>Bremekamp, C.E.B. (1934) Notes on the Rubiaceae of Surinam. <em>Recueil des Travaux Botanique Néerlandais </em>31: 248–308.</p>
<p>Bruniera, C.P. (2015) <em>Sistemática e taxonomia de Rudgea Salisb. (Palicoureeae, Rubiaceae).</em> Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 283 pp. [http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-28072015-145432/en.php]</p>
<p>Bruniera, C.P. & Zappi, D.C. (2015) <em>Rudgea</em> <em>in</em> Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB14246 (Accessed 2 June 2021)</p>
<p>Bruniera, C.P., Zappi, D.C. & Groppo, M. (2015) <em>Rudgea agresteophila </em>and <em>R. hileiabaiana </em>(Palicoureeae, Rubiaceae): two new species from eastern Bahia, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa </em>202 (4): 289–293. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.202.4.8</p>
<p>Chamisso, L.K.A. (1834[“1835”]) Plantarum e familiis Jam Prius Recensitis - Praesertim Brasiliensium. <em>Linnaea </em>9: 222–233.</p>
<p>IUCN (2019) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 14. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. Available from: www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria (accessed 25 May 2022)</p>
<p>Lachenaud, O., Bruniera, C.P. & Zappi, D.C. (2022) Six new species and a little known species of <em>Rudgea</em> (Rubiaceae–Palicoureeae) from the Guianas. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 531 (3): 154–174. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.1</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1759) <em>Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus II</em>. Editio Decima, reformata. L. Salvi, Stockholm, 559 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542</p>
<p>Müller Argoviensis, J. (1876) Rubiaceae brasiliensis novae. <em>Flora </em>59: 449–466.</p>
<p>Müller Argoviensis, J. (1881) Rubiaceae, tribus VI. Psychotrieae. <em>In</em>: Martius, C.P.F., Eichler, A.G. & Urban, I. (Eds.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis</em>. Fleischer, Leipzig, pp. 161–458, 462–468.</p>
<p>Radford, A.E., Dickison, W.C., Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. (1974) <em>Vascular Plant Systematics.</em> Harper & Row Publishers, New York, 891 pp.</p>
<p>Razafimandimbison, S.G., Taylor, C.M., Wikström, N., Pailler, T., Khodabandeh, A. & Bremer, B. (2014) Phylogeny and generic limits in the sister tribes Psychotrieae and Palicoureeae (Rubiaceae): Evolution of schizocarps in <em>Psychotria </em>and origins of bacterial leaf nodules of the Malagasy species. <em>American Journal of Botany </em>101: 1102–1126. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400076</p>
<p>Ribeiro, M.C., Metzger, J.P., Martensen, A.C., Ponzoni, F.J. & Hirota, M.M. (2009) The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation. <em>Biological Conservation </em>142: 1141–1153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.02.021</p>
<p>Robbrecht, E. (1988) Tropical woody Rubiaceae. <em>Opera Botanica Belgica</em> 1: 1–271.</p>
<p>Robbrecht, E. & Manen, J.-F. (2006) The major evolutionary lineages of the coffee family (Rubiaceae, angiosperms). Combined analysis (nDNA and cpDNA) to infer the position of <em>Coptosapelta</em> and <em>Luculia</em>, and supertree construction based on rbcL, rps16, trnL-trnF and atpB-rbcL data. A new classification in two subfamilies, Cinchonoideae and Rubioideae. <em>Systematics and Geography of Plants</em> 76: 85–146.</p>
<p>Salisbury, R.A. (1807) Description of a new genus in the natural order of Rubiaceae, called <em>Rudgea</em>. <em>Transactions of the Linnean Society of London </em>8: 325–329. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1807.tb00320.x</p>
<p>Schumann, K. (1891) Rubiaceae <em>In: </em>Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (eds.) <em>Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien </em>vol. 4, part 4. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1–156.</p>
<p>Sprengel, K. (1821) Species plantarum minus cognitae: Rubiaceae. <em>Neue Entdeckungen im ganzen Umfang der Pflanzenkunde </em>2: 143–146.</p>
<p>Steyermark, J.A. (1972) Rubiaceae. <em>In:</em> Maguire, B. & Steyermark, J.A. (Eds.) The Botany of the Guayana Highland-Part IX. <em>Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden</em> 23: 227–832.</p>
<p>Taylor, C.M. & Bruniera, C.P. (2018) Rubiacearum Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XXXIX. New species of <em>Carapichea</em> and <em>Rudgea</em> (Palicoureeae) from Western Amazonia. <em>Novon</em> 26: 240–251. https://doi.org/10.3417/2018026</p>
<p>Taylor, C.M. & Bruniera, C.P. (2021) Rubiaceae Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XLVII. New Species and a New Combination for <em>Rudgea</em> in Panama and Western South America (Palicoureeae). <em>Novon</em> 29: 132–151. https://doi.org/10.3417/2021654</p>
<p>Taylor, C.M., Bruniera, C.P. & Zappi, D.C. (2015) Taxonomic transfers in Neotropical Palicoureeae: new combinations in <em>Rudgea</em> and <em>Palicourea</em>. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 70: 45. [7 pp.] https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S12225-015-9596-3</p>
<p>Torres-Leite, F., Bruniera, C.P., Zappi, D.C. & Carrijo, T.T. (2016) True axillary inflorescences in <em>Rudgea </em>(Palicoureeae, Rubiaceae), a newly reported characteristic of two new Brazilian species, <em>R. quisquiliae </em>and <em>R. axilliflora</em>. <em>Phytotaxa </em>272 (3): 191–200. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.272.3.3</p>
<p>Torres-Leite, F., Bruniera, C.P., Zappi, D.C. & Carrijo, T.T. (2018) A new species of <em>Rudgea </em>(Palicoureeae, Rubiaceae), from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa </em>379 (2): 180–186. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.379.2.6</p>
<p>Zappi, D. (2003) Revision of <em>Rudgea</em> (Rubiaceae) in Southeastern and Southern Brazil. <em>Kew Bulletin </em>58: 513–596. https://doi.org/10.2307/4111145</p>
<p>Barrabé, L., Buerki, S., Mouly, A., Davis, A.P., Munzinger, J. & Maggia, L. (2012) Delimitation of the genus <em>Margaritopsis </em>(Rubiaceae) in the Asian, Australasian and Pacific region, based on molecular phylogenetic inference and morphology. <em>Taxon </em>61 (6): 1251–1268. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.616007</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1850) Plantae Regnellianae (Continuatio) Rubiaceae. <em>Linnaea</em> 23: 455–466.</p>
<p>Bentham, G. (1853[“1852”]) <em>In</em> Oersted, A.S. Centralamericas Rubiaceer. <em>Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn</em> 1852 (2–4): 23–61.</p>
<p>Bremekamp, C.E.B. (1934) Notes on the Rubiaceae of Surinam. <em>Recueil des Travaux Botanique Néerlandais </em>31: 248–308.</p>
<p>Bruniera, C.P. (2015) <em>Sistemática e taxonomia de Rudgea Salisb. (Palicoureeae, Rubiaceae).</em> Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 283 pp. [http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-28072015-145432/en.php]</p>
<p>Bruniera, C.P. & Zappi, D.C. (2015) <em>Rudgea</em> <em>in</em> Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB14246 (Accessed 2 June 2021)</p>
<p>Bruniera, C.P., Zappi, D.C. & Groppo, M. (2015) <em>Rudgea agresteophila </em>and <em>R. hileiabaiana </em>(Palicoureeae, Rubiaceae): two new species from eastern Bahia, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa </em>202 (4): 289–293. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.202.4.8</p>
<p>Chamisso, L.K.A. (1834[“1835”]) Plantarum e familiis Jam Prius Recensitis - Praesertim Brasiliensium. <em>Linnaea </em>9: 222–233.</p>
<p>IUCN (2019) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 14. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. Available from: www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria (accessed 25 May 2022)</p>
<p>Lachenaud, O., Bruniera, C.P. & Zappi, D.C. (2022) Six new species and a little known species of <em>Rudgea</em> (Rubiaceae–Palicoureeae) from the Guianas. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 531 (3): 154–174. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.1</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1759) <em>Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus II</em>. Editio Decima, reformata. L. Salvi, Stockholm, 559 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542</p>
<p>Müller Argoviensis, J. (1876) Rubiaceae brasiliensis novae. <em>Flora </em>59: 449–466.</p>
<p>Müller Argoviensis, J. (1881) Rubiaceae, tribus VI. Psychotrieae. <em>In</em>: Martius, C.P.F., Eichler, A.G. & Urban, I. (Eds.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis</em>. Fleischer, Leipzig, pp. 161–458, 462–468.</p>
<p>Radford, A.E., Dickison, W.C., Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. (1974) <em>Vascular Plant Systematics.</em> Harper & Row Publishers, New York, 891 pp.</p>
<p>Razafimandimbison, S.G., Taylor, C.M., Wikström, N., Pailler, T., Khodabandeh, A. & Bremer, B. (2014) Phylogeny and generic limits in the sister tribes Psychotrieae and Palicoureeae (Rubiaceae): Evolution of schizocarps in <em>Psychotria </em>and origins of bacterial leaf nodules of the Malagasy species. <em>American Journal of Botany </em>101: 1102–1126. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400076</p>
<p>Ribeiro, M.C., Metzger, J.P., Martensen, A.C., Ponzoni, F.J. & Hirota, M.M. (2009) The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation. <em>Biological Conservation </em>142: 1141–1153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.02.021</p>
<p>Robbrecht, E. (1988) Tropical woody Rubiaceae. <em>Opera Botanica Belgica</em> 1: 1–271.</p>
<p>Robbrecht, E. & Manen, J.-F. (2006) The major evolutionary lineages of the coffee family (Rubiaceae, angiosperms). Combined analysis (nDNA and cpDNA) to infer the position of <em>Coptosapelta</em> and <em>Luculia</em>, and supertree construction based on rbcL, rps16, trnL-trnF and atpB-rbcL data. A new classification in two subfamilies, Cinchonoideae and Rubioideae. <em>Systematics and Geography of Plants</em> 76: 85–146.</p>
<p>Salisbury, R.A. (1807) Description of a new genus in the natural order of Rubiaceae, called <em>Rudgea</em>. <em>Transactions of the Linnean Society of London </em>8: 325–329. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1807.tb00320.x</p>
<p>Schumann, K. (1891) Rubiaceae <em>In: </em>Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (eds.) <em>Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien </em>vol. 4, part 4. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1–156.</p>
<p>Sprengel, K. (1821) Species plantarum minus cognitae: Rubiaceae. <em>Neue Entdeckungen im ganzen Umfang der Pflanzenkunde </em>2: 143–146.</p>
<p>Steyermark, J.A. (1972) Rubiaceae. <em>In:</em> Maguire, B. & Steyermark, J.A. (Eds.) The Botany of the Guayana Highland-Part IX. <em>Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden</em> 23: 227–832.</p>
<p>Taylor, C.M. & Bruniera, C.P. (2018) Rubiacearum Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XXXIX. New species of <em>Carapichea</em> and <em>Rudgea</em> (Palicoureeae) from Western Amazonia. <em>Novon</em> 26: 240–251. https://doi.org/10.3417/2018026</p>
<p>Taylor, C.M. & Bruniera, C.P. (2021) Rubiaceae Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XLVII. New Species and a New Combination for <em>Rudgea</em> in Panama and Western South America (Palicoureeae). <em>Novon</em> 29: 132–151. https://doi.org/10.3417/2021654</p>
<p>Taylor, C.M., Bruniera, C.P. & Zappi, D.C. (2015) Taxonomic transfers in Neotropical Palicoureeae: new combinations in <em>Rudgea</em> and <em>Palicourea</em>. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 70: 45. [7 pp.] https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S12225-015-9596-3</p>
<p>Torres-Leite, F., Bruniera, C.P., Zappi, D.C. & Carrijo, T.T. (2016) True axillary inflorescences in <em>Rudgea </em>(Palicoureeae, Rubiaceae), a newly reported characteristic of two new Brazilian species, <em>R. quisquiliae </em>and <em>R. axilliflora</em>. <em>Phytotaxa </em>272 (3): 191–200. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.272.3.3</p>
<p>Torres-Leite, F., Bruniera, C.P., Zappi, D.C. & Carrijo, T.T. (2018) A new species of <em>Rudgea </em>(Palicoureeae, Rubiaceae), from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa </em>379 (2): 180–186. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.379.2.6</p>
<p>Zappi, D. (2003) Revision of <em>Rudgea</em> (Rubiaceae) in Southeastern and Southern Brazil. <em>Kew Bulletin </em>58: 513–596. https://doi.org/10.2307/4111145</p>