Abstract
Xenoastrosphaeriella aquatica sp. nov. was discovered during an investigation of lignicolous freshwater fungi in northwestern Yunnan Province, China. Evidence of morphological characters and sequence data indicated that the new collection has affiliation to Xenoastrosphaeriella. Phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, SSU and tef1-α sequence data was carried out to determine the phylogenetic placement of this species, which showed that X. aquatica clustered with X. tornata and X. trochus, but these three species are phylogenetically distinct. Xenoastrosphaeriella aquatica differs from other species in having dark olive to brown and larger ascospores. A detailed description and illustration of the new species are provided, as well as the comparisons with similar taxa.
References
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<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S.B. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications</em>: 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Wijayawardene, N.N., Hyde, K.D., Lumbsch, H.T., Liu, J.K., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Ekanayaka, A.H., Tian, Q. & Phookamsak, R. (2018) Outline of Ascomycota: 2017. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 88: 167–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8</p>
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<p>Dissanayake, A.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N. & Liu, J.K. (2020) Applied aspects of methods to infer phylogenetic relationships amongst fungi. <em>Mycosphere</em> 11: 2653–2677. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/18</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98.</p>
<p>Hawksworth, D.L. (1981) <em>Astrosphaeriella Sydow</em>, a misunderstood genus of melanommataceous Pyrenomycetes. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 82: 35–59.</p>
<p>Hawksworth, D. & Boise, J. (1985) Some additional species of <em>Astrosphaeriella</em>, with a key to the members of the genus. <em>Sydowia</em> 38: 114–124.</p>
<p>Hongsanan, S., Hyde, K.D., Phookamsak, R., Wanasinghe, D.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Sarma, V.V., Boonmee, S., Lücking, R., Pem, D., Bhat, J.D., Liu, N.G., Tennakoon, D.S., Karunarathna, A., Jiang, S.H., Jones, E.B.G., Phillips, A.J.L., Manawasinghe, I., Tibpromma, S., Jayasiri, S.C., Sandamali, D., Jayawardena, R.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Ekanayaka, A.H., Jeewon, R., Lu, Y.Z., Dissanayake, A.J., Luo, Z.L., Tian, Q., Phukhamsakda, C., Thambugala, K.M., Dai, D.Q., Chethana, T.K.W., Ertz, D., Doilom, M., Liu, J.K., Pérez-Ortega, S., Suija, A., Senwanna, C., Wijesinghe, S.N., Konta, S., Niranjan, M., Zhang, S.N., Ariyawansa, H.A., Jiang, H.B., Zhang, J.F., de Silva, N.I., Thiyagaraja, V., Zhang, H., Bezerra, J.D.P., Miranda-Gonzáles, R., Aptroot, A., Kashiwadani, H., Harishchandra, D., Aluthmuhandiram, J.V.S., Abeywickrama, P.D., Bao, D.F., Devadatha, B., Wu, H.X., Moon, K.H., Gueidan, C., Schumm, F., Bundhun, D., Mapook, A., Monkai, J., Chomnunti, P., Samarakoon, M.C., Suetrong, S., Chaiwan, N., Dayarathne, M.C., Yang, J., Rathnayaka, A.R., Bhunjun, C.S., Xu, J.C., Zheng, J.S., Liu, G., Feng, Y. & Xie, N. (2020) Refined families of Dothideomycetes: Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae. <em>Mycosphere</em> 11: 1553–2107. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/13</p>
<p>Hyde, K.D. & Fröhlich, J. (1998) Fungi from palms XXXVII. The genus <em>Astrosphaeriella</em>, including ten new species. <em>Sydowia</em> 50: 81–132.</p>
<p>Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Abd-Elsalam, K.A., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, J.D., Buyck, B., Dai, Y.C., Ertz, D., Hidayat, I., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Karunarathna, S.C., Kirk, P., Lei, C., Liu, J.K., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Nilsson, H., Pang, K.L., Phookamsak, R., Rollins, A.W., Romero, A.I., Stephenson, S., Suetrong, S., Tsui, C.K.M., Vizzini, A., Wen, T.C., De Silva, N.I., Promputtha, I. & Kang, J.C. (2015) The Facesoffungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, molecular and human attributes. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 74: 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8</p>
<p>Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G., McKenzie, E.H.C., Jeewon, R., Phillips, A.J.L., Bhat, D.J., Wanasinghe, D.N., Liu, J.K., Lu, Y.Z., Kang, J.C., Xu, J.C. & Karunarathna, S.C. (2019) Diversity, morphology and molecular phylogeny of Dothideomycetes on decaying wild seed pods and fruits. <em>Mycosphere</em> 10: 1–186 https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/1</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2016) A simple method to control over-alignment in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 32: 1933–1942. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw108</p>
<p>Larsson, A. (2014) AliView: a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large data sets. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 30: 3276–3278. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531</p>
<p>Liu, L.L., Long, Q.D., Kang, J.C., Zhang, X., Hyde, K.D., Shen, X.C. & Li, Q.R. (2018) Morphology and phylogeny of <em>Mycopepon</em>. <em>Mycosphere</em> 9: 779–789. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/9/4/6</p>
<p>Luo, Z.L., Hyde, K.D., Liu, J.K., Bhat, D.J., Bao, D.F., Li, W.L., Su, X.J., Yang, X.Y. & Su, H.Y. (2018) Lignicolous freshwater fungi from China II: novel <em>Distoseptispora</em> (Distoseptisporaceae) species from northwestern Yunnan Province and a suggested unified method for studying lignicolous freshwater fungi. <em>Mycosphere</em> 9: 444–461. https://doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/9/3/2</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest 2.0. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.</p>
<p>Phookamsak, R., Norphanphoun, C., Tanaka, K., Dai, D.Q., Luo, Z.L., Liu, J.K., Su, H.Y., Bhat, D.J., Bahkali, A.H., Mortimer, P.E., Xu, J.C. & Hyde, K.D. (2015) Towards a natural classification of <em>Astrosphaeriella</em>-like species; introducing Astrosphaeriellaceae and Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae fam. nov. and<em> Astrosphaeriellopsis</em>, gen. nov. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 74: 143–197. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13225-015-0352-7</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2012) FigTree version 1.4.0. Available at http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree (accessed 28 April 2022)</p>
<p>Rehner, S.A. & Buckley, E. (2005) A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-α sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to <em>Cordyceps</em> teleomorphs. <em>Mycologia</em> 97: 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832842</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61 (3): 539–542. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Senanayake, I.C., Rathnayaka, A.R., Marasinghe, D.S., Calabon, M.S., Gentekaki, E., Wanasinghe, D.N., Lee, H.B., Hurdeal, V.G., Pem, D., Dissanayake, L.S., Wijesinghe, S.N., Bundhun, D., Nguyen, T.T., Goonasekara, I.D., Abeywickrama, P.D., Bhunjun, C.S., Chomnunti, P., Boonmee, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Doilom, M., Jeewon, R., Bhat, J.D., Zhang, H.X. & Xie, N. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. <em>Mycosphere</em> 11: 2678–2754. https://doi10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20</p>
<p>Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) RaxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. <em>Organisms Diversity & Evolution</em> 12: 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0</p>
<p>Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013) MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30: 2725–2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>Wanasinghe, D.N., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Boonmee, S., Kaewchai, S., Manawasinghe, I.S., Lumyong, S. & Hyde, K.D. (2018) Novel palmicolous taxa within Pleosporales: multigene phylogeny and taxonomic circumscription. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 17: 571–590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1379-4</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S.B. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications</em>: 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Wijayawardene, N.N., Hyde, K.D., Lumbsch, H.T., Liu, J.K., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Ekanayaka, A.H., Tian, Q. & Phookamsak, R. (2018) Outline of Ascomycota: 2017. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 88: 167–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8</p>
<p>Zhang, Y., Crous, P.W., Schoch, C.L. & Hyde, K.D. (2012) Pleosporales. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 53: 1–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0117-x</p>