Abstract
Sida is one of the genera with the highest species richness of Malvaceae and one of the less assessed genera in terms of taxonomy in subfamily Malvoideae. Studies on the taxonomy of the genus in Brazil are scarce. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul Sida is represented by 23 species. This synopsis includes a taxonomic key, illustrations, informations about habitat, maps with geographical distribution, nomenclatural and taxonomic notes, general comments on the biology, ecology and conservation status for all the species. Two names are new synonyms (S. krapovickasii and S. pseudorubifolia), seven names were lectotypified (S. anarthra, S. cerradoensis, S. paradoxa, S. planicaulis, S. riedelii, S. rubifolia, S. viarum), nine species are new records for the state of Rio Grande do Sul (S. cerradoensis, S. confusa, S. cordifolia, S. glaziovii, S. lonchitis, S. nemorensis, S. ramoniana, S. reitzii, S. riedelii). For six species, photos of them in their habitat are presented for the first time, S. farroupilhensis, S. nemorensis, S. paradoxa, S. potentilloides, S. reitzii, and S. rubifolia.
References
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<p>Bovini, M.G. (2017) New records of two species of Malvaceae for Brazil: <em>Sida gracilipes </em>Rusby and <em>Sida elliottii</em> Torr. & A. Gray. <em>Check List</em> 13: 565–568. https://doi.org/10.15560/13.5.565</p>
<p>Bovini, M.G. (2020) <em>Sida</em> in Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB9206 (accessed 7 July 2020)</p>
<p>Brandão, J.L., Baracho, G.S., De Sales, M.F. & Filho, M.P.V. (2017) Synopsis of <em>Sida</em> (Malvaceae, Malvoideae, Malveae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 307 (3): 205–227. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.3.5</p>
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<p>Burman, N.L. (1768) <em>Flora Indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum Indicorum, nec non prodromus florae Capensis</em>. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Cornelium Haek, Amsterdam, 292 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60581</p>
<p>Cavanilles, A.J. (1785) <em>Dissertatio botanica de Sida, et de quibusdam plantis quae cum illa affinitatem habent</em>. Franciscum Amb. Didot., Parisiis, 47 pp.</p>
<p>Clement, I.D. (1957) Studies in <em>Sida </em>(Malvaceae) I. A review of the genus and monograph of the sections <em>Malacroideae</em>, <em>Physalodes</em>, <em>Pseudomalvastrum</em>, <em>Incanifolia</em>, <em>Oligandrae</em>, <em>Pseudonapaea</em>, <em>Hookeria </em>and <em>Steninda</em>. <em>Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University </em>180: 1–91.</p>
<p>Colla, L.A. (1833) <em>Herbarium Pedemontanum</em>, Vol. 1. Augustae Taurinorum: Ex Typis Regiis, Torino, 566 pp.</p>
<p>CRIA (2020) (Centro de Referência e Informação Ambiental). <em>speciesLink</em>—simple search. Available from: https://specieslink.net/search/ (accessed 7 July 2020)</p>
<p>Don, G. (1831) <em>A general history of dichlamydeous plants: comprising complete descriptions of the different orders; together with the characters of the genera and species, and an enumeration of the cultivated varieties, their places of growth, time of flowering, mode of culture, and uses in medicine and domestic economy, the scientific names accentuated, their etymologies explained, and the classes and orders illustrated by engravings, and preceded by introductions to the Linnaean and natural systems, and a glossary of the terms used, </em>Vol 1. J.G. & F. Rivington, London, 818 pp.</p>
<p>Dwyer, J.D. (1955) The botanical catalogues of Auguste De Saint-Hilaire. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 42: 153–170. https://doi.org/10.2307/2394600</p>
<p>Ekman, E.L. (1910) Beiträge zur Columniferenflora von Misiones. <em>Arkiv för Botanik</em> 9: 1–56.</p>
<p>Fries, R.E. (1908) Studien über die amerikanische Columniferenflora. <em>Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar </em>42: 1–67 + 7 plates.</p>
<p>Fryxell, P.A. (1976) On some Brazilian Malvaceae of Martius, published by Colla in 1833. <em>Taxon</em> 25: 589–593. https://doi.org/10.2307/1220115</p>
<p>Fryxell, P.A. (1978) Neotropical segregates from <em>Sida </em>L. (Malvaceae). <em>Brittonia </em>30: 447–462. https://doi.org/10.2307/2806349</p>
<p>Fryxell, P.A. (1985) The North and Central American species of <em>Sida</em>. <em>Sida, Contributions to Botany</em> 11: 62–91.</p>
<p>Fryxell, P.A. (1988) Malvaceae of Mexico. <em>Systematic Botany Monograph </em>25: 1–522. https://doi.org/10.2307/25027717</p>
<p>Fryxell, P.A. (1997) The American genera of Malvaceae-II. <em>Brittonia </em>49 (2): 204–269. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807683</p>
<p>Fuertes Aguilar, J. (1995) <em>Sida </em>L. (Malvaceae). <em>In</em>: Piedrahita, S.D., Telleria, M.T., Castroviejo, S.<em>, </em>Mejia, W.J., Carranza, P.R., Contreras, G.L. (Eds.) <em>Flora de Colombia, </em>No. 17<em>. </em>Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 142 pp.</p>
<p>Fuertes Aguilar, J., Fryxell, P.A. & Jansen, R.K. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the <em>Sida </em>generic alliance (Malvaceae) based on nrDNA ITS evidence. <em>Systematic Botany </em>28: 352–364.</p>
<p>Gray, A. (1849) Plantae Fendlerianae. <em>Memoirs American Academy</em> 2: 1–116.</p>
<p>Grisebach, A.H.R. (1859) <em>Flora of British West Indian Islands</em>. Lovell, Reeve & Co., London, 789 pp.</p>
<p>Hasenack, H., Weber, E.J., Boldrini, I.I., Trevisan, R., Flores, C.A. & Dewes, H. (in press) A functional landscape classification of subtropical grasslands in Southern Brazil based on the ecoregion concept. <em>Ecología Austral</em>.</p>
<p>Hassler, E. (1910a) Ex herbario hassleriano: novitates paraguariensis. IV. <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis </em>8: 34–47.</p>
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