Abstract
We describe, discuss, and illustrate Dichorisandra rhizantha, a new species from a transitional area between the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga domains in eastern Bahia state, Brazil. The species was assessed as Endangered, especially for its distribution restricted to forest fragments. The new species is morphologically similar to D. hirtella, D. radicalis and D. jardimii, but clearly differs from these by the inflorescence arising directly from the rhizome, and a pubescent indument on stem, leaves and sepals. We also present a distribution map of the species and taxonomic comments.
References
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<p>Mikan, J.C. (1820) <em>Delectus Florae et Faunae Brasiliensis</em> 1: 1–3.</p>
<p>Moraes, P.R.L. (2011) Notes and lectotypification of names based on Brazilian collections of Prince Maximilian of Wied. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 66: 493–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-011-9315-7</p>
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<p>Seubert, M.A. (1855) Commelinaceae. <em>In:</em> Martius, C.F.P. (Ed.) <em>Flora brasiliensis</em> 3: 233–270.</p>
<p>Shorthouse, D.P. (2010) <em>SimpleMappr</em>, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps. Available from: https://www.simplemappr.net/ (accessed 13 February 2021)</p>
<p>Thiers, B.M. (2022 [Continuously updated]) <em>Index Herbariorum</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (accessed 20 February 2020)</p>
<p>Aona, L.Y.S. (2008) <em>Revisão taxonômica e análise cladística do gênero Dichorisandra J.C.Mikan (Commelinaceae). </em>Ph.D. dissertation. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil, 310 pp.</p>
<p>Aona, L.Y.S., Faden, R.B. & Amaral, M.C.E. (2012) Five new species of <em>Dichorisandra</em> J.C.Mikan (Commelinaceae). <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 66: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-011-9308-6</p>
<p>Aona-Pinheiro, L.Y.S. & Amaral, M.C.E. (2012) Four new species of <em>Dichorisandra</em> J.C. Mikan (Commelinaceae) from Southeast Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa </em>48: 7–22. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.48.1.2</p>
<p>Aona, L.Y.S. & Amaral, M.C.E. (2017) Endemism and the importance of intensive collections efforts for a taxonomic revision of <em>Dichorisandra</em> J.C. Mikan, Commelinaceae (Commelinales).<em> In: The Fifth International Conference on the Comparative Biology of Monocotyledons, New York. </em>New York: NYBG Press, pp. 147–156. https://doi.org/10.21135/893275341.008</p>
<p>Aona, L.Y.S. & Amaral, M.C.E. (2020) <em>Dichorisandra</em> in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB6924/ (accessed 25 february 2021)</p>
<p>Aona, L.Y.S.; Amaral, M.C.E & V. Bittrich. (2018) Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Brazilian <em>Dichorisandra</em> (Commelinaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 348: 1–13. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.348.1.1</p>
<p>Azevedo, C.O., Marinho, L.C., Machado, A.F.P., Arroyo, F. & Vázquez-García, J. (2018) <em>Magnolia brasiliensis</em> (Magnoliaceae), a new species and new record for the Northeastern region of Brazil. <em>Brittonia</em> 70: 306–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-018-9529-1</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>In:</em> Smith, V. & Penev, L. (Eds.) e‒Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Faden, R.B. & Hunt, D.R. (1991) The classification of the Commelinaceae. Taxon 40: 19–31. https://doi.org/10.2307/1222918</p>
<p>Giulietti, A.M., Queiroz, L.P., Silva, T.R.S., França, F. Guedes, M.L. & Amorim, A.M. (2006) Flora da Bahia. <em>Sitientibus Série Ciências Biológicas</em> 6: 169–173.</p>
<p>Goldenberg, R., Jesus, J.C. & Amorim, A.M. (2020) <em>Miconia bahiana </em>(Melastomataceae, Miconieae), a new species from semideciduous forest in Bahia, Brazil<em>. Plant Ecology and Evolution</em> 153: 152–159. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2020.1659</p>
<p>Hickey, M. & King, C. (2004) <em>The Cambridge illustrated glossary of botanical terms</em>. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 208 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN (2012) <em>IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. </em>Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (accessed 1 November 2020).</p>
<p>IUCN (2019) <em>Standards and Petitions Committee. 2019. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14.</em> Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 16 October 2021).</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C., Till, W., Kollmann, L.J.C., Moura, R.L. & Ribeiro, O.B.C. (2014) Miscellaneous New Species of Brazilian Bromeliaceae – III. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 177: 61–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.177.2.1</p>
<p>Mikan, J.C. (1820) <em>Delectus Florae et Faunae Brasiliensis</em> 1: 1–3.</p>
<p>Moraes, P.R.L. (2011) Notes and lectotypification of names based on Brazilian collections of Prince Maximilian of Wied. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 66: 493–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-011-9315-7</p>
<p>Nees von Esenbeck, C.G.D. & von Martius, C.F.P. (1823) <em>In: Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum Exhibentia Ephemerides sive Observationes Historias et Experimenta</em> 11: 1–88.</p>
<p>Radford, A.E., Dickson, W.C., Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. (1974) <em>Vascular plants systematics. </em>Harper & Ro., New York, 891 pp.</p>
<p>Schultes, J.A. & Schultes, J.H. (1830) Commelinaceae. <em>In: Systema vegetabilium: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, diferentiis et synonymus</em>. Sumtibus J.G. Cottae, Stuttgardtiae, 1817–1830. 1186 pp.</p>
<p>Seubert, M.A. (1855) Commelinaceae. <em>In:</em> Martius, C.F.P. (Ed.) <em>Flora brasiliensis</em> 3: 233–270.</p>
<p>Shorthouse, D.P. (2010) <em>SimpleMappr</em>, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps. Available from: https://www.simplemappr.net/ (accessed 13 February 2021)</p>
<p>Thiers, B.M. (2022 [Continuously updated]) <em>Index Herbariorum</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (accessed 20 February 2020)</p>