Abstract
Several collections of Calostoma (Calostomataceae, Boletales) from the south of China were investigated using morphology, and molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the nuc 28S rDNA D1-D2 domains (28S), and the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Two species of the genus are recognized, one is the previously described taxon, C. areolatum, the other, C. sinocinnabarinum, is described as new: Detailed descriptions, color photos of fresh basidiomata and line-drawings of microstructures of the two taxa are presented.
References
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<p>Castro-Mendoza, E., Miller Jr, O.K. & Stetler, D.A. (1983) Basidiospore wall ultrastructure and tissue system morphology in the genus <em>Calostoma</em> in North America. <em>Mycologia</em> 75: 36–45.</p>
<p>Chen, Z.H. & Zhang, P. (2019) <em>Atlas of macrofungi in Hunan</em>. Hunan Normal University Press, Changsha, 426 pp.</p>
<p>Deng, C.Y. & Wu, X.L. (2014) <em>Calostoma maoershanense</em>, a new species from South China. <em>Sydowia</em>. 66: 25–28.</p>
<p>Desvaux, N.A. (1809) Observations sur quelques genres à établir dans la famille des champignons. <em>Journal de Botanique (Desvaux)</em> 2: 88–105.</p>
<p>Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. <em>Nucleic Acids research</em> 32: 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340</p>
<p>Fan, L., Liu, B. & Jin, X.D. (1993) Spores of the genus <em>Calostoma. Journal of Shanxi university</em> 16: 209–212.</p>
<p>Fan, L. & Liu, B. (1993) A new species of the genus <em>Calostoma</em>. <em>Journal of Shanxi University</em> 16: 85–87.</p>
<p>Fan, L. & Liu, B. (1995) New species of the genus <em>Calostoma. Acta mycologica sinica</em> 14 (1): 20–23.</p>
<p>Fui, F.S., Saikim, F.H., Kulip, J. & Seelan, J.S.S. (2018) Distribution and ethnomycological knowledge of wild edible mushrooms in Sabah (Northern Borneo), Malaysia. <em>Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation</em> 15: 203–222.</p>
<p>Gruber, G. & Steglich, W. (2007) Calostomal, a polyene pigment from the Gasteromycete <em>Calostoma cinnabarinum</em> (Boletales). <em>Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B</em> 62: 129–131. https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-2007-0120</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98.</p>
<p>Hennings, P.C. (1902) Fungi japonici. IV. <em>Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie.</em> 31: 728–742.</p>
<p>Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2005) Bayesian analysis of molecular evolution using MrBayes.<em> In: </em>Nielsen, R. (Eds.) Statistical methods in molecular evolution. Springer, New York, pp. 183–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27733-1_7</p>
<p>Hughey, B.D., Adams, G.C., Bruns, T.D. & Hibbett, D.S. (2000) Phylogeny of <em>Calostoma</em>, the gelatinous-stalked puffball, based on nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. <em>Mycologia</em> 92: 94–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2000.12061133</p>
<p>James, T.Y., Kauff, F., Schoch, C., Matheny, P.B., Hofstetter, V., Cox, C., Celio, G., Gueidan, C., Fraker, E., Miadlikowska, J., Lumbsch, H.T., Rauhut, A., Reeb, V., Arnold, A.E., Amtoft, A., Stajich, J.E., Hosaka, K., Sung, G.H., Johnson, D., O’Rourke, B., Crockett, M., Binder, M., Curtis, J.M., Slot, J.C., Wang, Z., Wilson, A.W., Schüßler, A., Longcore, J.E., O’Donnell, K., Mozley-Standridge, S., Porter, D., Letcher, P.M., Powell, M.J., Taylor, J.W., White, M.M., Griffith, G.W., Davies, D.R., Humber, R.A., Morton, J.B., Sugiyama, J., Rossman, A.Y., Rogers, J.D., Pfister, D.H., Hewitt, D., Hansen, K., Hambleton, S., Shoemaker, R.A., Kohlmeyer, J., Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B., Spotts, R.A., Serdani, M., Crous, P.W., Hughes, K.W., Matsuura, K., Langer, E., Langer, G., Untereiner, W.A., Lücking, R., Büdel, B., Geiser, D.M., Aptroot, A., Diederich, P., Schmitt, I., Schultz, M., Yahr, R., Hibbett, D., Lutzoni, F., McLaughlin, D., Spatafora, J. & Vilgalys, R. (2006) Reconstructing the early evolution of the fungi using a six gene phylogeny. <em>Nature</em> 443: 818–822. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05110</p>
<p>Kim, M.S., Kim, K.W. & Jung, H.S. (2007) Morphological Discretion of Basidiospores of the Puftball Mushroom <em>Calostoma</em> by Electron and Atomic Force Microscopy. <em>Journal of microbiology and biotechnology</em> 17: 1721–1726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2007.08.002</p>
<p>Ko, W.C. (1989) A preliminary study on the floristic relationships between Hainan and its adjoining regions. <em>Guihaia</em> 9 (3): 211–219.</p>
<p>Kobayasi, Y. (1962) The <em>Calostoma</em> of Eastern Asia. <em>Acta Phytotax. Geobot. </em>20: 252–257.</p>
<p>Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1981) Taschenlexikon der Farben 3. Aufl. Muster-Schmidt Verlag, Göttingen, 242 pp.</p>
<p>Li, L.J., Liu, B. & Liu, Y.H. (1984) Two new species of the genus <em>Calostoma</em> from China. <em>Acta Mycologica Sinica</em> 3: 92–95.</p>
<p>Li, J.X., You, J.R., Xu, Y.F., Yu, X.L., Deng, M.D., Wu, L. & Qi, C.J. (2021) Vegetation research in Hunan Province: vegetation types, composition, and distribution pattern. <em>Scientia Sinica Vitae</em> 51 (3): 275–278. https://doi.org/10.1360/SSV-2019-0274</p>
<p>Li, Y. & Bao, H.Y. (2020) Mycomedicines in China. Central China farmers Publishing House, 753 pp.</p>
<p>Lim, G. (1969) <em>Calostoma sarasinii</em> from Malaya. <em>Gardens’ Bulletin (Sinoapore)</em> 25: 109–112.</p>
<p>Liu, B. (1979) <em>Calostoma</em> Desv. <em>Journal of Shanxi University</em> 1: 109–118.</p>
<p>Liu, B. (2005) Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. <em>Consilio Florarum Cryptogamarum Sinicarum academiae sinicae edita</em> 23: 64–72.</p>
<p>Liu, P., Li, T.Y. & Tu, F. (1975) New species of <em>Calostoma</em>. <em>Acta Phytotaxonom Sinica</em>.</p>
<p>Liu, B., Jiang, S.Z. & Liu, Y.H. (1985) Two new <em>Calostoma</em> species from GuiZhou. <em>Acta Mycologica Sinica</em> 4: 51–53.</p>
<p>Liu, L.N., Razaq, A., Atri, N., Bau, T., Belbahri, L., Bouket, A.C., Chen, L.P., Deng, C., Ilyas, S., Khalid, A.N., Kitaura, M.J., Kobayashi, T., Li, Y., Lorenz, A.P., Ma, Y.H., Malysheva, E., Malysheva, V., Nuytinck, J., Qiao, M., Saini, M.K., Scur, M.C., Sharma, S., Shu, L.L., Spirin, V., Tanaka, Y., Tojo, M., Uzuhashi, S., Valério-Júnior, C., Verbeken, A., Verma, B., Wu, R.H., Xu, J.P,. Yu, Z.F., Zeng, H., Zhang, B., Banerjee, A., Beddiar, A., Bordallo, J.J., Dafri, A., Dima, B., Krisai-Greilhuber, I., Lorenzini, M., Mandal, R., Morte, A., Nath, P.S., Papp, V., Pavlík, J., Rodríguez, A., Ševčíková, H., Urban, A., Voglmayr, H. & Zapparoli, G. (2018) Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 4. <em>Sydowia</em> 70: 211–286.</p>
<p>Massee, G. (1888) A monograph of the genus <em>Calostoma</em>, Desv. <em>Annals of Botany </em>2: 25–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/os-2.1.25</p>
<p>Miller, O.K. & Cotter, V.T. (1988) Observations on tissue morphology and spore ultrastructure of <em>Calostoma junghuhnii</em> (Gasteromycetes). <em>Canadian journal of botany</em> 66: 2470–2473. https://doi.org/10.1139/b88-335</p>
<p>Minakata, K. (1903) Distribution of <em>Calostoma</em>. <em>Nature</em> 68: 296. https://doi.org/10.1038/068296b0</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest 2.3. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University.</p>
<p>Quélet, L. (1886) <em>Enchiridion Fungorum in Europa media et praesertim in Gallia Vigentium</em>. O. Doin, Lutetiae, pp. 1–352. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.47025</p>
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