Abstract
A new diploid species of marattioid ferns, Angiopteris sugongii Gui L. Zhang, J.Y. Xiang & Ting Wang (Marattiaceae), with ascending rhizomes, once pinnate to bipinnate laminae and marginal long sori, is identified and characterized from Southeast Yunnan, China. The distinctiveness between the new species and three relatives, A. itoi, A. bipinnata and A. sparsisora, are presented in detail, and a key to 11 species with once pinnate, or once pinnate to bipinnate laminae of Angiopteris in China is provided. Currently, there are three populations with 30 individuals in Daweishan National Nature Reserve and we suggest A. sugongii should be categorized as Critically Endangered (CR) species according to the criteria of IUCN. The discovery of this new species not only provides an important evidence for understanding the evolution of Angiopteris (sen. lat.), but also gives us a key insight into origin of species in the genus.
References
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<p>PPG I (2016) A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</em> 54: 563–603. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12229</p>
<p>Shieh, W.C. (1970) Two new species of ferns from Taiwan. <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 456: 161–165.</p>
<p>Wang, C.Y., Yang, B., He, Z.R. & Wang, H.B. (2012) Analysis on the geographical distribution characteristics of Angiopteridaceae and its causes in Yungui Plateau and Hengduan Mountains, China. <em>Pant Diversity and Resources</em> 344: 317–325. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1143.2012.11152</p>
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<p>Wu, W.H. (2002) <em>A study on the natural fern hybrid–Archangiopteris itoi Shieh</em>. National Taiwan University, Taipei, 40 pp.</p>
<p>Yan, Y.H. & Zhou, X.L. (2018) <em>Ferns of Hainan</em>. China Forestry Publishing, Beijing, 45 pp.</p>
<p>Camus, J.M. (1989) The limits and affinities of marattialean fern genera in China and the West Pacific. <em>In: </em>Shing, K.H. & Kramer, K.U. (Ed.) <em>Proceedings of the International Symposium on Systematic Pteridology</em>. China Science and Technology Press, Beijing, pp. 31–37.</p>
<p>Chang, C.Y. (1973) The morphology of <em>Archangiopteris</em> Christ et Gies. and its relationship with <em>Angiopteris</em> Hoffm. <em>Acta Botanica Sinica</em> 152: 261–270.</p>
<p>Ching, R.C. (1958) <em>Icones Filicarum Sinicarum</em> Vol. 5. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 27–63.</p>
<p>Ching, R.C. & Wang, Z.R. (1982) <em>Angiopteris sparsisora</em> Ching, <em>sp. nov</em>. a putative bigeneric hybrid.<em> Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 320: 347–350.</p>
<p>Christ, H. & Giesenhagen, K. (1899) Pteridographische Notizen. 1. <em>Archangiopteris</em> nov. gen. Marattiacearum. <em>Flora</em> 86: 72–79.</p>
<p>Copeland, E.B. (1909) New genera and species of Bornean ferns. <em>The Philippine Journal of Science </em>3: 343.</p>
<p>Dolezel, J., Cizkova, J., Simkova, H. & Bartos, J. (2018) One major challenge of sequencing large plant genomes is to know how big they really are. <em>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</em> 19: 3554. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113554</p>
<p>Forster, G. (1786) <em>Florulae Insularum Australium Prodromus</em>. J.C. Dieterich, Göttingen, 103 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10725</p>
<p>Hayata, B. (1915)<em> Icones Plantarum Formosanarum Nec Non Et Contributiones ad Floram Formosanam</em> Vol. 5. Bureau of Productive Industry, Government of Formosa, Taihoku, 256 pp.</p>
<p>Hayata, B. (1919) <em>Protomarattia</em>, a new genus of Marattiaceae, and <em>Archangiopteris</em>. <em>Botanical Gazette</em> (Chicago, Ill.) 67: 84–92. https://doi.org/10.1086/332399</p>
<p>Hayata, B. (1928) On the systematic importance of the stelar system in the Filicales. II. <em>Botanical Magazine</em> 42: 301–311. https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.42.301</p>
<p>He, Z.R. (2009) <em>Systematic study of Angiopteris from China</em>. Yunnan University, Yunnan, pp. 1–106.</p>
<p>He, Z.R. & Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2013) Marattiaceae. <em>In:</em> Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China</em> vol. 2–3. Science Press, Beijing, Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, 82–89 pp.</p>
<p>Hill, C.R. & Camus, J.M. (1986) Evolutionary cladistics of marattialean ferns. <em>Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)</em>. <em>Botany</em> 14: 219–300.</p>
<p>Hoffmann, G.F. (1796) Descriptiones et icones plantarum. <em>Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis</em> 12: 22–37.</p>
<p>Hsieh, T.H., Chang, Y.H., Chiou, W.L. & Huang, Y.M. (2008) Chromosome numbers of five species of the Marattiaceae in Taiwan. <em>Taiwan Journal of Forest Science</em> 234: 335–339.</p>
<p>IUCN (2001) <em>IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. </em>IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ii + 30 pp.</p>
<p>Li, C.X. & Lu, S.G. (2006) Phylogenetic and origin time of Chinese <em>Angiopteris</em>: Evidence from chloroplast <em>rbcL</em> and <em>trnL-F</em> sequences. <em>Chinese Science Bulletin</em> 23: 2761–2766.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum Vol. 2</em>. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 727 pp.</p>
<p>Makino, T. & Nemoto, K. (1925) <em>Flora of Japan</em>. Nippon Shokubutsu-soran Publishing Association, Tokyo, 1563 pp.</p>
<p>Murdock, A.G. (2008a) Phylogeny of marattioid ferns (Marattiaceae): inferring a root in the absence of a closely related outgroup. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 95: 626–641. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.2007308</p>
<p>Murdock, A.G. (2008b) A taxonomic revision of the eusporangiate fern family Marattiaceae, with description of a new genus <em>Ptisana</em>. <em>Taxon</em> 57: 737–755. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.573007</p>
<p>PPG I (2016) A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</em> 54: 563–603. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12229</p>
<p>Shieh, W.C. (1970) Two new species of ferns from Taiwan. <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 456: 161–165.</p>
<p>Wang, C.Y., Yang, B., He, Z.R. & Wang, H.B. (2012) Analysis on the geographical distribution characteristics of Angiopteridaceae and its causes in Yungui Plateau and Hengduan Mountains, China. <em>Pant Diversity and Resources</em> 344: 317–325. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1143.2012.11152</p>
<p>Wang, T., Xiao, B., Liu, E.D., Nguyen, K.S., Duan, J.Q., Wang, K.L., Yan, Y.H. & Xiang, J.Y. (2020) Rediscovery of <em>Angiopteris tonkinensis</em> (Marattiaceae) after 100 years, and its revision. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 161: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.161.54912</p>
<p>Wu, W.H. (2002) <em>A study on the natural fern hybrid–Archangiopteris itoi Shieh</em>. National Taiwan University, Taipei, 40 pp.</p>
<p>Yan, Y.H. & Zhou, X.L. (2018) <em>Ferns of Hainan</em>. China Forestry Publishing, Beijing, 45 pp.</p>