Abstract
Pariana caxiuanensis (Poaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from the Brazilian Amazon. The new species is characterized by having the leaves clustered at the apex of the leafy culm, fimbriae few to absent, dimorphic flowering culms, large ligules (2.5–4 mm long), and pubescent to hirsute synflorescences. We present a morphological description, illustrations of the new species, the conservation status assessment, and a key to differentiate P. caxiuanensis from its morphologically related congeners.
References
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<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., De La Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
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<p>Ferreira, F.M., Dórea, M.C., Leite, K.R.B. & Oliveira, R.P. (2013b) <em>Eremitis afimbriata</em> and <em>E. magnifica</em> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae): two remarkable new species from Brazil and a first record of blue iridescence in bamboo leaves. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 84: 31–45. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.84.1.3</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Hollowell, V.C. & Oliveira, R.P. (2016) <em>Eremitis linearifolia</em> and <em>E. robusta</em> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae): two new species of herbaceous bamboos from Brazil first collected over 30 years ago. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 280: 179–189. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.280.2.8</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Oliveira, R.P.; Welker, C.A.D., Dórea, M.C., Lima, A.L.C., Oliveira, I.L.C., Santos, F.A.R., van den Berg, C. & Clark, L.G. (2019) Phylogenetic relationships within Parianinae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae) with emphasis on <em>Eremitis</em>: evidence from nuclear and plastid DNA sequences, macromorphology, and pollen ectexine patterns. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 139: 106541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106541</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Welker, C.A.D., Santos-Gonçalves, A.P., Clark, L.G. & Oliveira, R.P. (2020a) A new species of <em>Eremitis</em> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) from Rio Doce State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil, marks the furthest inland distribution of the genus. <em>Brittonia</em> 72: 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-019-09603-x</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Welker, C.A.D., Clark, L.G. & Oliveira, R.P. (2020b) <em>Eremitis limae </em>(Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species of herbaceous bamboo endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Bahia, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa </em>454: 277–284. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.454.4.5</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Silva, C., Welker, C.A.D., Dórea, M.C., Leite, K.R.B., Clark, L.G. & Oliveira, R.P. (2020c) <em>Eremitis berbertii</em> and <em>E. fluminensis</em> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae): new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and updates on leaf microcharacters in the genus. <em>Novon</em> 28: 240–252. https://doi.org/10.3417/2020562</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Welker, C.A.D., Clark, L.G. & Oliveira, R.P. (2020d) <em>Eremitis jardimii </em>(Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species from Bahia, Brazil. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 75: 52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-020-09906-3</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Welker, C.A.D., Clark, L.G. & Oliveira, R.P. (In press.) Reinterpretation of vegetative and reproductive characters validates three new species in the endangered herbaceous bamboo genus <em>Eremitis</em> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae) from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. <em>Systematic Botany</em>. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364421X16231782047352</p>
<p>Hackel, E. (1887) Parianinae.<em> In: </em>Engler, H.G.A. & Prantl, K.A.E. (Eds.) <em>Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</em>, Ed. 2. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 130.</p>
<p>Harris, J.G. & Harris, M.W. (2001) <em>Plant Identification Terminology: An Illustrated Glossary. </em>Spring Lake Pub, 216 pp.</p>
<p>Hollowell, V.C. (1987) <em>Systematics of the subtribe Parianinae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae)</em>. PhD Thesis, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 904 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN (2019) <em>Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, vers. 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee.</em> Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf. (accessed 13 August 2020)</p>
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<p>Oliveira, R.P., Longhi-Wagner, H.M., Leite, K.R.B. & Hollowell, V.C. (2008) <em>Pariana multiflora</em> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae), a new species from Eastern Brazil, with notes on the leaf anatomy of the genus. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 33 (2): 262–266. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364408784571617</p>
<p>Pilger, R. (1938) Über die systematische Stellung und Nomenklatur einiger Gramineen Gattungen. <em>Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis</em> 45 (1–7): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19380450102</p>
<p>Swallen, J.R. (1940) Eight new species of <em>Pariana. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences</em> 30 (2): 71–78.</p>
<p>Swallen, J.R. (1943) Flora of Panama (Gramineae). <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis)</em> 30: 104–280.</p>
<p>Swallen, J.R. (1948) New Grasses, <em>Pariana setosa</em>. <em>Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium</em> 29 (6): 273.</p>
<p>Swallen, J.R. (1957) The Botany of the Guayana Highland. Part II. <em>Pariana violascens, P. pallida, P. obtusa</em>. <em>Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden</em> 9 (3): 267–269.</p>
<p>Vorontsova, M.S., Clark, L.G., Dransfield, J., Govaerts, R. & Baker, W.J. (2016) <em>World Checklist of Bamboos and Rattans. </em>International Network of Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing, China, 454 pp.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2020 [continuously updated]) <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. </em>New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/. (accessed 2 September 2020)</p>
<p>Tutin, T.G. (1936) A revision of the genus <em>Pariana</em> (Gramineae). <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 50 (334): 337–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1936.tb02003.x</p>
<p>Wanderley, M.G.L., Shepherd, G.J. & Giulietti, A.M. (2001) <em>Flora Fanerogâmica Do Estado de São Paulo</em>. Vol. 1., HUCITEC, São Paulo, 316 pp.</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., De La Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Döll, J.C. (1877) <em>Eremitis</em>.<em> In: </em>Martius, C.F.P. (Ed.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis, </em>Ed. 2. F. Fleischer, Mônaco, pp. 358.</p>
<p>Döll, J.C. (1877) <em>Pariana intermedia</em>.<em> In: </em>Martius, C.F.P. (Ed.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis</em>, Ed. 2. F. Fleischer, Mônaco, pp. 358.</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Van den Berg, C., Hollowell, V.C. & Oliveira, R.P. (2013a) <em>Parianella</em> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae): morphological and biogeographical information reveals a new genus of herbaceous bamboos from Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 77 (2): 27–32. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.77.2.2</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Dórea, M.C., Leite, K.R.B. & Oliveira, R.P. (2013b) <em>Eremitis afimbriata</em> and <em>E. magnifica</em> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae): two remarkable new species from Brazil and a first record of blue iridescence in bamboo leaves. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 84: 31–45. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.84.1.3</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Hollowell, V.C. & Oliveira, R.P. (2016) <em>Eremitis linearifolia</em> and <em>E. robusta</em> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae): two new species of herbaceous bamboos from Brazil first collected over 30 years ago. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 280: 179–189. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.280.2.8</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Oliveira, R.P.; Welker, C.A.D., Dórea, M.C., Lima, A.L.C., Oliveira, I.L.C., Santos, F.A.R., van den Berg, C. & Clark, L.G. (2019) Phylogenetic relationships within Parianinae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae) with emphasis on <em>Eremitis</em>: evidence from nuclear and plastid DNA sequences, macromorphology, and pollen ectexine patterns. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 139: 106541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106541</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Welker, C.A.D., Santos-Gonçalves, A.P., Clark, L.G. & Oliveira, R.P. (2020a) A new species of <em>Eremitis</em> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) from Rio Doce State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil, marks the furthest inland distribution of the genus. <em>Brittonia</em> 72: 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-019-09603-x</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Welker, C.A.D., Clark, L.G. & Oliveira, R.P. (2020b) <em>Eremitis limae </em>(Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species of herbaceous bamboo endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Bahia, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa </em>454: 277–284. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.454.4.5</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Silva, C., Welker, C.A.D., Dórea, M.C., Leite, K.R.B., Clark, L.G. & Oliveira, R.P. (2020c) <em>Eremitis berbertii</em> and <em>E. fluminensis</em> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae): new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and updates on leaf microcharacters in the genus. <em>Novon</em> 28: 240–252. https://doi.org/10.3417/2020562</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Welker, C.A.D., Clark, L.G. & Oliveira, R.P. (2020d) <em>Eremitis jardimii </em>(Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species from Bahia, Brazil. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 75: 52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-020-09906-3</p>
<p>Ferreira, F.M., Welker, C.A.D., Clark, L.G. & Oliveira, R.P. (In press.) Reinterpretation of vegetative and reproductive characters validates three new species in the endangered herbaceous bamboo genus <em>Eremitis</em> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae) from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. <em>Systematic Botany</em>. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364421X16231782047352</p>
<p>Hackel, E. (1887) Parianinae.<em> In: </em>Engler, H.G.A. & Prantl, K.A.E. (Eds.) <em>Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</em>, Ed. 2. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 130.</p>
<p>Harris, J.G. & Harris, M.W. (2001) <em>Plant Identification Terminology: An Illustrated Glossary. </em>Spring Lake Pub, 216 pp.</p>
<p>Hollowell, V.C. (1987) <em>Systematics of the subtribe Parianinae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae)</em>. PhD Thesis, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 904 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN (2019) <em>Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, vers. 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee.</em> Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf. (accessed 13 August 2020)</p>
<p>JSTOR Plant Science (2020) <em>JSTOR Plant Science</em>. Available from: http://plants.jstor.org. (accessed 2 September 2020)</p>
<p>Oliveira, R.P., Longhi-Wagner, H.M., Leite, K.R.B. & Hollowell, V.C. (2008) <em>Pariana multiflora</em> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae), a new species from Eastern Brazil, with notes on the leaf anatomy of the genus. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 33 (2): 262–266. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364408784571617</p>
<p>Pilger, R. (1938) Über die systematische Stellung und Nomenklatur einiger Gramineen Gattungen. <em>Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis</em> 45 (1–7): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19380450102</p>
<p>Swallen, J.R. (1940) Eight new species of <em>Pariana. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences</em> 30 (2): 71–78.</p>
<p>Swallen, J.R. (1943) Flora of Panama (Gramineae). <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis)</em> 30: 104–280.</p>
<p>Swallen, J.R. (1948) New Grasses, <em>Pariana setosa</em>. <em>Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium</em> 29 (6): 273.</p>
<p>Swallen, J.R. (1957) The Botany of the Guayana Highland. Part II. <em>Pariana violascens, P. pallida, P. obtusa</em>. <em>Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden</em> 9 (3): 267–269.</p>
<p>Vorontsova, M.S., Clark, L.G., Dransfield, J., Govaerts, R. & Baker, W.J. (2016) <em>World Checklist of Bamboos and Rattans. </em>International Network of Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing, China, 454 pp.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2020 [continuously updated]) <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. </em>New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/. (accessed 2 September 2020)</p>
<p>Tutin, T.G. (1936) A revision of the genus <em>Pariana</em> (Gramineae). <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 50 (334): 337–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1936.tb02003.x</p>
<p>Wanderley, M.G.L., Shepherd, G.J. & Giulietti, A.M. (2001) <em>Flora Fanerogâmica Do Estado de São Paulo</em>. Vol. 1., HUCITEC, São Paulo, 316 pp.</p>