Abstract
Ongoing investigation of diversity and taxonomy of lignicolous freshwater fungi in Thailand have revealed plenty of new hyphomycetous species. In this study, Tainosphaeria aquatica sp. nov. and T. thailandense sp. nov., occurred on submerged wood in Thailand, are described and illustrated based on the evidences of morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, ITS and TEF1-α dataset. Tainosphaeria aquatica is characterized by hyaline, 0–3-septate, cylindrical to long fusiform conidia with hair-like, hyaline appendages at both ends. Tainosphaeria thailandense is distinct in having laurel-green, 0–1-septate, reniform to ellipsoidal conidia with polar appendages. A synopsis of morphological characteristics of Tainosphaeria species is provided.
References
<p>Bhat, D.J. & Kendrick, B. (1993) Twenty-five new conidial fungi from the western ghats and the andaman islands (india). <em>Mycotaxon</em> 49: 19–90.</p>
<p>Chomnunti, P., Hongsanan, S., Aguirre-Hudson, B., Tian, Q., Peršoh, D., Dhami, M.K., Alias, A.S., Xu, J.C., Liu, X.Z., Stadler, M. & Hyde, K.D. (2014) The sooty moulds. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 66: 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0278-5</p>
<p>Dong, W., Hyde, K.D., Bhat, D.J. & Zhang, H. (2018) Introducing <em>Aculeata aquatica</em> <em>gen. et sp. nov.</em>, <em>Minimelanolocus thailandensis</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> and <em>Thysanorea aquatica</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales) from freshwater in northern Thailand. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 17: 617–629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1389-2</p>
<p>Dong, W., Hyde, K.D., Doilom, M., Yu, X.D., Bhat, D.J., Jeewon, R., Boonmee, S., Wang, G.N., Nalumpang, S. & Zhang, H. (2020a) <em>Pseudobactrodesmium</em> (Dactylosporaceae, Eurotiomycetes, Fungi) a novel lignicolous genus. <em>Frontiers in Microbiology</em> 11: 456. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00456</p>
<p>Dong, W., Wang, B., Hyde, K.D., McKenzie, E.H.C., Raja, H.A., Tanaka, K., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Doilom, M., Phookamsak, R., Hongsanan, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Yu, X.D., Wang, G.N., Yang, H., Yang, J., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Luo, Z.L., Yang, J.B., Miller, A.N., Fournier, J., Boonmee, S., Hu, D.M., Nalumpang, S. & Zhang, H. (2020b) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 105: 319–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00463-5</p>
<p>Fernández, F.A. & Huhndorf, S.M. (2005) New species of <em>Chaetosphaeria</em>, <em>Melanopsammella</em> and <em>Tainosphaeria</em> gen. nov. from the Americas. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 18: 15–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsyr.2005.01.001</p>
<p>Fernández, F.A., Miller, A.N., Huhndorf, S.M., Lutzoni, F.M. & Zoller, S. (2006) Systematics of the genus <em>Chaetosphaeria</em> and its allied genera: morphological and phylogenetic diversity in north temperate and neotropical taxa. <em>Mycologia</em> 98: 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832718</p>
<p>Gams, W. & Holubová-Jechová, V. (1976) <em>Chloridium</em> and some other dematiaceous hyphomycetes growing on decaying wood. <em>Studies in Mycology</em> 13: 1–99.</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1999-0734.ch008</p>
<p>Hashimoto, A., Sato, G., Matsuda, T., Hirayama, K., Hatakeyama, S., Harada, Y., Shirouzu, T. & Tanaka, K. (2015) Molecular taxonomy of <em>Dinemasporium</em> and its allied genera. <em>Mycoscience</em> 56: 86–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2014.04.001</p>
<p>Ho, W.H., Yanna, Hyde, K.D. & Hodgkiss, I.J. (2002) Seasonality and sequential occurrence of fungi on wood submerged in Tai Po Kau Forest Stream, Hong Kong.<em> In: </em>Fungal Succession, <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 10: 21–43.</p>
<p>Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, D.J., Buyck, B., Cai, L., Dai, Y.C., Abd-Elsalam, K.A., Ertz, D., Hidayat, I., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Bahkali, A.H., Karunarathna, S.C., Liu, J.K., Luangsa-Ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Moncalvo, J.M., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Nilsson, H., Pang, K.L., Pereira, O.L., Phillips, A.J.L., Raspe, O., Rollins, A.W., Romero, A.I., Etayo, J., Selcuk, F., Stephenson, S.L., Suetrong, S., Taylor, J.E., Tsui, C.K.M., Vizzini, A., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Wen, T.C., Boonmee, S., Dai, D.Q., Daranagama, D.A., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Fryar, S.C., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Li, W.J., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., De Silva, N.I., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Wijayawardene, N.N., Zhao, R.L., Zhao, Q., Kang, J.C. & Promputtha, I. (2015) The Faces of Fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 74: 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2016) A simple method to control over-alignment in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 32: 1933–1942. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw108</p>
<p>Kuthubutheen, A.J. & Nawawi, A. (1991) Eight new species of <em>Dictyochaeta </em>(Hyphomycetes) from Malaysia. <em>Mycological Research</em> 95: 1211–1219. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80013-0</p>
<p>Lin, C.G., McKenzie, E.H.C., Liu, J.K., Jones, E.B.G. & Hyde, K.D. (2019) Hyaline-spored chaetosphaeriaceous hyphomycetes from Thailand and China, with a review of the family Chaetosphaeriaceae. <em>Mycosphere </em>10: 655–700. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/14</p>
<p>Liu, J.K., Yang, J., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Jones, E.B.G., Hyde, K.D & Liu, Z.Y. (2016) Novel chaetosphaeriaceous hyphomycetes from aquatic habitats. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 15: 1157–1167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-016-1237-1</p>
<p>Liu, N.G., Lu, Y.Z., Bhat, D.J., McKenzie, E.H.C., Lumyong, S., Jumpathong, J. & Liu, J.K. (2019) <em>Kevinhydea brevistipitata</em> <em>gen. et sp. nov.</em> and <em>Helicoma hydei</em> <em>sp. nov.</em>, (Tubeufiaceae) from decaying wood habitats. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 18: 671–682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-019-01480-8</p>
<p>Lu, Y.Z., Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., Bhat, D.J., Xiao, Y.P., Tian, Q., Wen, T.C., Boonmee, S. & Kang, J.C. (2016) <em>Brunneodinemasporium jonesii</em> and <em>Tainosphaeria jonesii</em> spp. nov. (Chaetosphaeriaceae, Chaetosphaeriales) from southern China. <em>Mycosphere </em>7: 1323–1332. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/7/9/6</p>
<p>Lumbsch, H.T. & Huhndorf, S.M. (2010) Myconet volume 14. part one. outline of ascomycota—2009. part two. notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751–5113. <em>Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences</em> 2010: 1–64. http://doi.org/10.3158/1557.1</p>
<p>Luo, Z.L., Hyde, K.D., Liu, J.K., Bhat, D.J., Bao, D.F., Li, W.L. & Su, H.Y. (2018) Lignicolous freshwater fungi from China II: Novel <em>Distoseptispora</em> (Distoseptisporaceae) species from northwestern Yunnan Province and a suggested unified method for studying lignicolous freshwater fungi. <em>Mycosphere</em> 9: 444–461. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/9/3/2</p>
<p>Luo, Z.L., Hyde, K.D., Liu, J.K., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Jeewon, R., Bao, D.F., Bhat, D.J., Lin, C.G., Li, W.L., Yang, J., Liu, N.G., Lu, Y.Z., Jayawardena, R.S., Li, J.F. & Su, H.Y. (2019) Freshwater Sordariomycetes. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 99: 451–660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00438-1</p>
<p>Ma, Y.R., Xia, J.W., Gao, J.M., Li, Z. & Zhang, X.G. (2016) <em>Anacacumisporium</em>, a new genus based on morphology and molecular analyses from Hainan, China. <em>Cryptogamie Mycologie</em> 37: 45–59. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v37.iss1.2016.45</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees.<em> In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE)</em>. New Orleans, LA. CA, San Diego Supercomput. Center, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A. (2004) <em>MrModeltest v2</em>, Program distributed by the author, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.</p>
<p>Perera, R.H., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Bhat, J.D., Al-Sadi, A.M., Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D. & Liu, Z.Y. (2016) New species of <em>Thozetella</em> and <em>Chaetosphaeria</em> and new records of <em>Chaetosphaeria</em> and <em>Tainosphaeria</em> from Thailand. <em>Mycosphere</em> 7: 1301–1321. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/7/9/5</p>
<p>Perera, R.H., Hyde, K.D., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Jones, E.B.G., McKenzie, E.H.C., Stadler, M., Lee, H.B., Samarakoon, M.C., Ekanayaka, A.H., Camporesi, E., Liu, J.K. & Liu, Z.Y. (2020) Fungi on wild seeds and fruits. <em>Mycosphere </em>11: 2108–2480, https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/14</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2014) FigTree v1.4.2, A graphical viewer of phylogenetic trees. Available from: http://treeb io.ed.ac.uk/softw are/figtree (accessed 25 June 2021)</p>
<p>Rannala, B. & Yang, Z. (1996) Probability distribution of molecular evolutionary trees: a new method of phylogenetic inference. <em>Journal of Molecular Evolution</em> 43: 304–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02338839</p>
<p>Réblová, M. (2004) Four new species of <em>Chaetosphaeria</em> from New Zealand and redescription of <em>Dictyochaeta fuegiana</em>. <em>Studies in Mycology</em> 50: 171–186</p>
<p>Rehner, S.A. & Buckley, E. (2005) A <em>Beauveria</em> phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-α sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to <em>Cordyceps</em> teleomorphs. <em>Mycologia</em> 97: 84–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832842</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Senanayake, I.C., Rathnayaka, A.R., Marasinghe, D.S., Calabon, M.S., Gentekaki, E., Lee, H.B., Hurdeal, V.G., Pem, D., Dissanayake, L.S., Wijesinghe, S.N., Bundhun, D., Nguyen, T.T., Goonasekara, I.D., Abeywickrama, P.D., Bhunjun, C.S., Jayawardena, R.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J. & Xiang, M.M. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. <em>Mycosphere</em> 11: 2678–2754, https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20</p>
<p>Somrithipol, S., Sakayaroj, J., Rungjindamai, N., Plaingam, N. & Jones, E.B.G. (2008) Phylogenetic relationship of the coelomycete genus <em>Infundibulomyces</em> based on nuclear rDNA data. <em>Mycologia</em> 100: 735–741. https://doi.org/10.3852/07-040</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) <em>RAxML Version 8</em>: A tool for Phylogenetic Analysis and Post-Analysis of Large Phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Tibpromma, S. Hyde, K.D., McKenzie, E.H.C., Bhat, D.J., Phillips, A.J.L., Wanasinghe, D.N., Samarakoon, M.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Dissanayake, A.J., Tennakoon, D.S., Doilom, M., Phookamsak, R., Tang, A.M.C., Xu, J., Mortimer, P.E., Promputtha, I., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Khan, S. & Karunarathna, S.C. (2018) Fungal diversity notes 840–928: micro-fungi associated with Pandanaceae. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 93: 1–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0408-6</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>Wang, G.N., Yu, X.D., Dong, W., Bhat, D.J., Boonmee, S., Zhang, D. & Zhang, H. (2019) Freshwater hyphomycetes in Eurotiomycetes: a new species of <em>Minimelanolocus</em> and a new collection of <em>Thysanorea papuana </em>(Herpotrichiellaceae).<em> Mycological Progress</em> 18: 511–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-019-01473-7</p>
<p>Wei, M.J., Zhang, H., Dong, W., Boonmee, S. & Zhang, D. (2018) Introducing <em>Dictyochaeta aquatica</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> and two new species of <em>Chloridium</em> (Chaetosphaeriaceae, Sordariomycetes) from aquatic habitats. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 362: 187–199. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.362.2.5</p>
<p>White, T., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.<em> In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR</em> <em>protocols</em>: <em>a guide to methods and applications</em>. Academic press, San Diego, pp. 315−322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Yang, J., Liu, N.G., Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G. & Liu, Z.Y. (2018) Phylogenetic placement of <em>Cryptophiale</em>, <em>Cryptophialoidea</em>, <em>Nawawia</em>, <em>Neonawawia</em> gen. nov. and <em>Phialosporostilbe</em>. <em>Mycosphere</em> 9: 1132–1150. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/9/6/5</p>
<p>Yu, X.D., Dong, W., Bhat, D.J., Boonmee, S., Zhang, D. & Zhang, H. (2018) <em>Cylindroconidiis aquaticus</em> gen. et sp nov., a new lineage of aquatic hyphomycetes in Sclerococcaceae (Eurotiornycetes). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 372: 79–87. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.1.6</p>
<p>Zhang, H., Dong, W., Hyde, K.D., Bahkali, A.H. & Zhang, D. (2016) Molecular data shows <em>Didymella aptrootii</em> is a new genus in Bambusicolaceae. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 247: 99–108. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.247.2.1</p>
<p>Zhang, H., Dong, W., Hyde, K.D., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Hongsanan, S., Jayarama Bhat, D., Al-Sadi, A.M. & Zhang, D. (2017) Towards a natural classification of Annulatascaceae-like taxa: introducing Atractosporales ord. nov. and six new families. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 85: 75–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0387-z</p>
<p>Zheng, H., Wan, Y., Li, J., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F. & Yu, Z. (2020) <em>Phialolunulospora vermispora</em> (Chaetosphaeriaceae, Sordariomycetes), a novel asexual genus and species from freshwater in southern China. <em>MycoKeys</em> 76: 17–30. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.76.57410</p>
<p>Chomnunti, P., Hongsanan, S., Aguirre-Hudson, B., Tian, Q., Peršoh, D., Dhami, M.K., Alias, A.S., Xu, J.C., Liu, X.Z., Stadler, M. & Hyde, K.D. (2014) The sooty moulds. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 66: 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0278-5</p>
<p>Dong, W., Hyde, K.D., Bhat, D.J. & Zhang, H. (2018) Introducing <em>Aculeata aquatica</em> <em>gen. et sp. nov.</em>, <em>Minimelanolocus thailandensis</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> and <em>Thysanorea aquatica</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales) from freshwater in northern Thailand. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 17: 617–629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1389-2</p>
<p>Dong, W., Hyde, K.D., Doilom, M., Yu, X.D., Bhat, D.J., Jeewon, R., Boonmee, S., Wang, G.N., Nalumpang, S. & Zhang, H. (2020a) <em>Pseudobactrodesmium</em> (Dactylosporaceae, Eurotiomycetes, Fungi) a novel lignicolous genus. <em>Frontiers in Microbiology</em> 11: 456. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00456</p>
<p>Dong, W., Wang, B., Hyde, K.D., McKenzie, E.H.C., Raja, H.A., Tanaka, K., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Doilom, M., Phookamsak, R., Hongsanan, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Yu, X.D., Wang, G.N., Yang, H., Yang, J., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Luo, Z.L., Yang, J.B., Miller, A.N., Fournier, J., Boonmee, S., Hu, D.M., Nalumpang, S. & Zhang, H. (2020b) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 105: 319–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00463-5</p>
<p>Fernández, F.A. & Huhndorf, S.M. (2005) New species of <em>Chaetosphaeria</em>, <em>Melanopsammella</em> and <em>Tainosphaeria</em> gen. nov. from the Americas. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 18: 15–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsyr.2005.01.001</p>
<p>Fernández, F.A., Miller, A.N., Huhndorf, S.M., Lutzoni, F.M. & Zoller, S. (2006) Systematics of the genus <em>Chaetosphaeria</em> and its allied genera: morphological and phylogenetic diversity in north temperate and neotropical taxa. <em>Mycologia</em> 98: 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832718</p>
<p>Gams, W. & Holubová-Jechová, V. (1976) <em>Chloridium</em> and some other dematiaceous hyphomycetes growing on decaying wood. <em>Studies in Mycology</em> 13: 1–99.</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1999-0734.ch008</p>
<p>Hashimoto, A., Sato, G., Matsuda, T., Hirayama, K., Hatakeyama, S., Harada, Y., Shirouzu, T. & Tanaka, K. (2015) Molecular taxonomy of <em>Dinemasporium</em> and its allied genera. <em>Mycoscience</em> 56: 86–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2014.04.001</p>
<p>Ho, W.H., Yanna, Hyde, K.D. & Hodgkiss, I.J. (2002) Seasonality and sequential occurrence of fungi on wood submerged in Tai Po Kau Forest Stream, Hong Kong.<em> In: </em>Fungal Succession, <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 10: 21–43.</p>
<p>Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, D.J., Buyck, B., Cai, L., Dai, Y.C., Abd-Elsalam, K.A., Ertz, D., Hidayat, I., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Bahkali, A.H., Karunarathna, S.C., Liu, J.K., Luangsa-Ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Moncalvo, J.M., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Nilsson, H., Pang, K.L., Pereira, O.L., Phillips, A.J.L., Raspe, O., Rollins, A.W., Romero, A.I., Etayo, J., Selcuk, F., Stephenson, S.L., Suetrong, S., Taylor, J.E., Tsui, C.K.M., Vizzini, A., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Wen, T.C., Boonmee, S., Dai, D.Q., Daranagama, D.A., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Fryar, S.C., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Li, W.J., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., De Silva, N.I., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Wijayawardene, N.N., Zhao, R.L., Zhao, Q., Kang, J.C. & Promputtha, I. (2015) The Faces of Fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 74: 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2016) A simple method to control over-alignment in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 32: 1933–1942. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw108</p>
<p>Kuthubutheen, A.J. & Nawawi, A. (1991) Eight new species of <em>Dictyochaeta </em>(Hyphomycetes) from Malaysia. <em>Mycological Research</em> 95: 1211–1219. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80013-0</p>
<p>Lin, C.G., McKenzie, E.H.C., Liu, J.K., Jones, E.B.G. & Hyde, K.D. (2019) Hyaline-spored chaetosphaeriaceous hyphomycetes from Thailand and China, with a review of the family Chaetosphaeriaceae. <em>Mycosphere </em>10: 655–700. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/14</p>
<p>Liu, J.K., Yang, J., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Jones, E.B.G., Hyde, K.D & Liu, Z.Y. (2016) Novel chaetosphaeriaceous hyphomycetes from aquatic habitats. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 15: 1157–1167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-016-1237-1</p>
<p>Liu, N.G., Lu, Y.Z., Bhat, D.J., McKenzie, E.H.C., Lumyong, S., Jumpathong, J. & Liu, J.K. (2019) <em>Kevinhydea brevistipitata</em> <em>gen. et sp. nov.</em> and <em>Helicoma hydei</em> <em>sp. nov.</em>, (Tubeufiaceae) from decaying wood habitats. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 18: 671–682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-019-01480-8</p>
<p>Lu, Y.Z., Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., Bhat, D.J., Xiao, Y.P., Tian, Q., Wen, T.C., Boonmee, S. & Kang, J.C. (2016) <em>Brunneodinemasporium jonesii</em> and <em>Tainosphaeria jonesii</em> spp. nov. (Chaetosphaeriaceae, Chaetosphaeriales) from southern China. <em>Mycosphere </em>7: 1323–1332. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/7/9/6</p>
<p>Lumbsch, H.T. & Huhndorf, S.M. (2010) Myconet volume 14. part one. outline of ascomycota—2009. part two. notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751–5113. <em>Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences</em> 2010: 1–64. http://doi.org/10.3158/1557.1</p>
<p>Luo, Z.L., Hyde, K.D., Liu, J.K., Bhat, D.J., Bao, D.F., Li, W.L. & Su, H.Y. (2018) Lignicolous freshwater fungi from China II: Novel <em>Distoseptispora</em> (Distoseptisporaceae) species from northwestern Yunnan Province and a suggested unified method for studying lignicolous freshwater fungi. <em>Mycosphere</em> 9: 444–461. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/9/3/2</p>
<p>Luo, Z.L., Hyde, K.D., Liu, J.K., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Jeewon, R., Bao, D.F., Bhat, D.J., Lin, C.G., Li, W.L., Yang, J., Liu, N.G., Lu, Y.Z., Jayawardena, R.S., Li, J.F. & Su, H.Y. (2019) Freshwater Sordariomycetes. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 99: 451–660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00438-1</p>
<p>Ma, Y.R., Xia, J.W., Gao, J.M., Li, Z. & Zhang, X.G. (2016) <em>Anacacumisporium</em>, a new genus based on morphology and molecular analyses from Hainan, China. <em>Cryptogamie Mycologie</em> 37: 45–59. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v37.iss1.2016.45</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees.<em> In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE)</em>. New Orleans, LA. CA, San Diego Supercomput. Center, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A. (2004) <em>MrModeltest v2</em>, Program distributed by the author, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.</p>
<p>Perera, R.H., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Bhat, J.D., Al-Sadi, A.M., Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D. & Liu, Z.Y. (2016) New species of <em>Thozetella</em> and <em>Chaetosphaeria</em> and new records of <em>Chaetosphaeria</em> and <em>Tainosphaeria</em> from Thailand. <em>Mycosphere</em> 7: 1301–1321. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/7/9/5</p>
<p>Perera, R.H., Hyde, K.D., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Jones, E.B.G., McKenzie, E.H.C., Stadler, M., Lee, H.B., Samarakoon, M.C., Ekanayaka, A.H., Camporesi, E., Liu, J.K. & Liu, Z.Y. (2020) Fungi on wild seeds and fruits. <em>Mycosphere </em>11: 2108–2480, https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/14</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2014) FigTree v1.4.2, A graphical viewer of phylogenetic trees. Available from: http://treeb io.ed.ac.uk/softw are/figtree (accessed 25 June 2021)</p>
<p>Rannala, B. & Yang, Z. (1996) Probability distribution of molecular evolutionary trees: a new method of phylogenetic inference. <em>Journal of Molecular Evolution</em> 43: 304–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02338839</p>
<p>Réblová, M. (2004) Four new species of <em>Chaetosphaeria</em> from New Zealand and redescription of <em>Dictyochaeta fuegiana</em>. <em>Studies in Mycology</em> 50: 171–186</p>
<p>Rehner, S.A. & Buckley, E. (2005) A <em>Beauveria</em> phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-α sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to <em>Cordyceps</em> teleomorphs. <em>Mycologia</em> 97: 84–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832842</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Senanayake, I.C., Rathnayaka, A.R., Marasinghe, D.S., Calabon, M.S., Gentekaki, E., Lee, H.B., Hurdeal, V.G., Pem, D., Dissanayake, L.S., Wijesinghe, S.N., Bundhun, D., Nguyen, T.T., Goonasekara, I.D., Abeywickrama, P.D., Bhunjun, C.S., Jayawardena, R.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J. & Xiang, M.M. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. <em>Mycosphere</em> 11: 2678–2754, https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20</p>
<p>Somrithipol, S., Sakayaroj, J., Rungjindamai, N., Plaingam, N. & Jones, E.B.G. (2008) Phylogenetic relationship of the coelomycete genus <em>Infundibulomyces</em> based on nuclear rDNA data. <em>Mycologia</em> 100: 735–741. https://doi.org/10.3852/07-040</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) <em>RAxML Version 8</em>: A tool for Phylogenetic Analysis and Post-Analysis of Large Phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Tibpromma, S. Hyde, K.D., McKenzie, E.H.C., Bhat, D.J., Phillips, A.J.L., Wanasinghe, D.N., Samarakoon, M.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Dissanayake, A.J., Tennakoon, D.S., Doilom, M., Phookamsak, R., Tang, A.M.C., Xu, J., Mortimer, P.E., Promputtha, I., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Khan, S. & Karunarathna, S.C. (2018) Fungal diversity notes 840–928: micro-fungi associated with Pandanaceae. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 93: 1–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0408-6</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>Wang, G.N., Yu, X.D., Dong, W., Bhat, D.J., Boonmee, S., Zhang, D. & Zhang, H. (2019) Freshwater hyphomycetes in Eurotiomycetes: a new species of <em>Minimelanolocus</em> and a new collection of <em>Thysanorea papuana </em>(Herpotrichiellaceae).<em> Mycological Progress</em> 18: 511–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-019-01473-7</p>
<p>Wei, M.J., Zhang, H., Dong, W., Boonmee, S. & Zhang, D. (2018) Introducing <em>Dictyochaeta aquatica</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> and two new species of <em>Chloridium</em> (Chaetosphaeriaceae, Sordariomycetes) from aquatic habitats. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 362: 187–199. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.362.2.5</p>
<p>White, T., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.<em> In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR</em> <em>protocols</em>: <em>a guide to methods and applications</em>. Academic press, San Diego, pp. 315−322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Yang, J., Liu, N.G., Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G. & Liu, Z.Y. (2018) Phylogenetic placement of <em>Cryptophiale</em>, <em>Cryptophialoidea</em>, <em>Nawawia</em>, <em>Neonawawia</em> gen. nov. and <em>Phialosporostilbe</em>. <em>Mycosphere</em> 9: 1132–1150. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/9/6/5</p>
<p>Yu, X.D., Dong, W., Bhat, D.J., Boonmee, S., Zhang, D. & Zhang, H. (2018) <em>Cylindroconidiis aquaticus</em> gen. et sp nov., a new lineage of aquatic hyphomycetes in Sclerococcaceae (Eurotiornycetes). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 372: 79–87. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.1.6</p>
<p>Zhang, H., Dong, W., Hyde, K.D., Bahkali, A.H. & Zhang, D. (2016) Molecular data shows <em>Didymella aptrootii</em> is a new genus in Bambusicolaceae. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 247: 99–108. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.247.2.1</p>
<p>Zhang, H., Dong, W., Hyde, K.D., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Hongsanan, S., Jayarama Bhat, D., Al-Sadi, A.M. & Zhang, D. (2017) Towards a natural classification of Annulatascaceae-like taxa: introducing Atractosporales ord. nov. and six new families. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 85: 75–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0387-z</p>
<p>Zheng, H., Wan, Y., Li, J., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F. & Yu, Z. (2020) <em>Phialolunulospora vermispora</em> (Chaetosphaeriaceae, Sordariomycetes), a novel asexual genus and species from freshwater in southern China. <em>MycoKeys</em> 76: 17–30. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.76.57410</p>