Abstract
Although Eugenia and Plinia genera belong to different subtribes in Myrteae (Myrtaceae), shared morphological features have led to frequent mistaken identity to these species. Molecular phylogeny and morphological studies in Plinia show that Plinia martinellii and Plinia sebastianopolitana should be combined within the generic concept of Eugenia. In addition, two synonymizations under Plinia sebastianopolitana and one under Plinia martinellii are proposed. Commentary on these nnomenclatural adjustments, as well as on morphological and geographical data related to the evolution of these lineages is also provided.
References
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<p>Lucas, E., Holst, B., Sobral, M., Mazine, F.F., Nic Lughadha, E.M., Proença, C.E.B., da Costa, I.R. & Vasconcelos, T.N.C. (2019) A New Subtribal Classification of Tribe Myrteae (Myrtaceae). <em>Systematic Botany</em> 44: 560–569. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364419X15620113920608</p>
<p>Mazine, F.F. (2006) <em>Estudos taxonômicos e filogenéticos em Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae), com ênfase em Eugenia sect. Racemosae O. Berg</em>. Tese de doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. 237pp.</p>
<p>Mazine, F.F., Faria, J.E.Q., Giaretta,A., Vasconcelos,T., Forest, F. & Lucas, E. (2018) Phylogeny and biogeography of the hyper-diverse genus <em>Eugenia</em> (Myrtaceae: Myrteae), with emphasis on <em>Eugenia</em> sect. <em>Umbellatae</em>, the most unmanageable clade. <em>Taxon</em> 67: 752–769. https://doi.org/10.12705/674.5</p>
<p>Mazine, F.F., Sobral, M. & Valdemarin, K.S. (2018) A new species of <em>Eugenia</em> (Myrtaceae) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 343 (2): 160–166. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.343.2.6</p>
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<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) <em>MrModeltest 2</em>. Version 2. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.</p>
<p>Poiret, J.L.M. (1798) <em>Encyclopédie methodique. Botanique</em>. v. 4. pp. 404–414. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/824]</p>
<p>Proença, C.E.B. (1990) A revision of <em>Siphoneugena</em> Berg. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany</em> 47: 239–271. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428600003401</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. & Drummond, A.J. (2007) <em>Tracer</em>, version 1.4. [http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer]</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2012) <em>FigTree</em>, v. 1.4.0. [http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree]</p>
<p>Sobral, M. (2010) Three new montane forest Myrtaceae from Espírito Santo, Brazil. <em>Novon</em> 20: 338–344. https://doi.org/10.3417/2004070</p>
<p>Souza, M.C. (2009) <em>Estudos taxonômicos em Myrtaceae no Brasil: Revisão de Neomitranthes Kausel ex D.Legrand e contribuição ao conhecimento da diversidade e conservação de Plinia L. no Domínio Atlântico</em>. Tese de doutorado, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 150 pp.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 4 September 2019)</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</em> (Shenzhen Code). Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten, Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Vasconcelos, T.N.C. & Proença, C.E.B. (2015) Floral cost vs. floral display: insights from the megadiverse Myrtales suggest that energetically expensive floral parts are less phylogenetically constrained. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 102: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400509</p>
<p>Vasconcelos, T.N.C., Proença, C.E.B., Ahmad, B., Aguilar, D.S., Aguilar, R., Amorim, B.S., Campbell, K., Costa, I.R., De-Carvalho, P.S., Faria, J.E.Q., Giaretta, A., Kooij, P.W., Lima, D.F., Mazine, F.F., Peguero, B., Prenner, G., Santos, M.F., Soewarto, J., Wingler, A. & Lucas, E.J. (2017) Myrteae phylogeny, calibration, biogeography and diversification patterns: Increased understanding in the most species rich tribe of Myrtaceae. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 109: 113–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.01.002</p>
<p>Vasconcelos, T., Lucas, E., Faria J.E.Q. & Prenner, G. (2018) Floral heterochrony promotes flexibility of reproductive strategies in the morphologically homogeneous genus<em> Eugenia</em> (Myrtaceae). <em>Annals of Botany</em> 121: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcx142</p>
<p>Barroso, G.M. (1994) Myrtaceae do sudeste do Brasil: espécies novas do gênero <em>Plinia</em> Linnaeus. <em>Napaea</em> 10: 1–5.</p>
<p>Barroso, G.M. & Peron, M. (1994) Myrtaceae. <em>In</em>: Lima, M.P.M. & Guedes-Bruni, R.R. (Orgs.) <em>Reserva ecológica de Macaé de Cima, Nova Friburgo, RJ. Aspectos florísticos das espécies vasculares</em>. v. 1, p. 261–302.</p>
<p>Berg, O. (1856) Revisio Myrtacearum Americae. <em>Linnaea</em> 27: 1–472.</p>
<p>Berg, O. (1857–1859) Myrtaceae. <em>Flora</em> <em>Brasiliensis</em> 14 (1): 1–656.</p>
<p>Bünger, M.O., Mazine, F.F., Forest, F., Bueno, M.L., Stehmann, J.R. & Lucas, E.J. (2016) The evolutionary history of <em>Eugenia</em> sect. <em>Phyllocalyx</em> (Myrtaceae) corroborates historically stable areas in the southern Atlantic forests. <em>Annals of Botany</em> 118: 1209–1223. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw209</p>
<p>De Candolle, A.P. (1828) <em>Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis</em> 3: 273 pp.</p>
<p>Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. <em>Phytochemical Bulletin</em> 19: 11–15.</p>
<p>Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: a multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity. <em>BMC Bioinformatics</em> 5 (1): 1–113.</p>
<p>Govaerts, R., Sobral, M., Ashton, P., Barrie, F., Holts, B.K., Landrum, L.L., Matsumoto, K., Mazine, F.F., Nic Lughadha, E., Proença, C., Soares-Silva, L.H., Wilson, P.G. & Lucas, E. (2019) <em>World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</em> not <em>World Checklist of Myrtaceae</em>. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/myrtaceae/ (accessed 11 August 2019)</p>
<p>Holst, B., Landrum, L. & Grifo (2003) <em>Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana</em>. Volume 7: <em>Myrtaceae-Plumbaginaceae</em>. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA, pp. 1–100.</p>
<p>Kausel, E. (1966) Lista de las Mirtaceas y Leptospermaceas argentinas. <em>Lilloa</em> 32: 323–368.</p>
<p>Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Mentjies, P. & Drummond, A. (2012) Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 28: 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199</p>
<p>Kuntze, C. (1898) <em>Revisio generum plantarum. </em>v. 3, 576 p.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum. </em>Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii, 560 pp.</p>
<p>Lourenço, A.R., Burton, G.P., Alves, M. & Lucas, E. (2020) <em>Myrcia</em> sect. <em>Calyptranthes</em> from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 460 (1): 12–58. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.460.1.2</p>
<p>Lucas, E.J., Harris, S.A., Mazine, F.F., Belsham, S.R., Nic Lughadha, E.M., Telford, A., Gassson, P.E. & Chase, M.W. (2007) Suprageneric phylogenetics of Myrteae, the generically richest tribe in Myrtaceae (Myrtales). <em>Taxon</em> 56: 1105–1128. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065906</p>
<p>Lucas, E., Holst, B., Sobral, M., Mazine, F.F., Nic Lughadha, E.M., Proença, C.E.B., da Costa, I.R. & Vasconcelos, T.N.C. (2019) A New Subtribal Classification of Tribe Myrteae (Myrtaceae). <em>Systematic Botany</em> 44: 560–569. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364419X15620113920608</p>
<p>Mazine, F.F. (2006) <em>Estudos taxonômicos e filogenéticos em Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae), com ênfase em Eugenia sect. Racemosae O. Berg</em>. Tese de doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. 237pp.</p>
<p>Mazine, F.F., Faria, J.E.Q., Giaretta,A., Vasconcelos,T., Forest, F. & Lucas, E. (2018) Phylogeny and biogeography of the hyper-diverse genus <em>Eugenia</em> (Myrtaceae: Myrteae), with emphasis on <em>Eugenia</em> sect. <em>Umbellatae</em>, the most unmanageable clade. <em>Taxon</em> 67: 752–769. https://doi.org/10.12705/674.5</p>
<p>Mazine, F.F., Sobral, M. & Valdemarin, K.S. (2018) A new species of <em>Eugenia</em> (Myrtaceae) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 343 (2): 160–166. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.343.2.6</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) “Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees” in <em>Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop</em> (GCE), 14 Nov. 2010, New Orleans, LA, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) <em>MrModeltest 2</em>. Version 2. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.</p>
<p>Poiret, J.L.M. (1798) <em>Encyclopédie methodique. Botanique</em>. v. 4. pp. 404–414. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/824]</p>
<p>Proença, C.E.B. (1990) A revision of <em>Siphoneugena</em> Berg. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany</em> 47: 239–271. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428600003401</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. & Drummond, A.J. (2007) <em>Tracer</em>, version 1.4. [http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer]</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2012) <em>FigTree</em>, v. 1.4.0. [http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree]</p>
<p>Sobral, M. (2010) Three new montane forest Myrtaceae from Espírito Santo, Brazil. <em>Novon</em> 20: 338–344. https://doi.org/10.3417/2004070</p>
<p>Souza, M.C. (2009) <em>Estudos taxonômicos em Myrtaceae no Brasil: Revisão de Neomitranthes Kausel ex D.Legrand e contribuição ao conhecimento da diversidade e conservação de Plinia L. no Domínio Atlântico</em>. Tese de doutorado, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 150 pp.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 4 September 2019)</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</em> (Shenzhen Code). Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten, Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Vasconcelos, T.N.C. & Proença, C.E.B. (2015) Floral cost vs. floral display: insights from the megadiverse Myrtales suggest that energetically expensive floral parts are less phylogenetically constrained. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 102: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400509</p>
<p>Vasconcelos, T.N.C., Proença, C.E.B., Ahmad, B., Aguilar, D.S., Aguilar, R., Amorim, B.S., Campbell, K., Costa, I.R., De-Carvalho, P.S., Faria, J.E.Q., Giaretta, A., Kooij, P.W., Lima, D.F., Mazine, F.F., Peguero, B., Prenner, G., Santos, M.F., Soewarto, J., Wingler, A. & Lucas, E.J. (2017) Myrteae phylogeny, calibration, biogeography and diversification patterns: Increased understanding in the most species rich tribe of Myrtaceae. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 109: 113–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.01.002</p>
<p>Vasconcelos, T., Lucas, E., Faria J.E.Q. & Prenner, G. (2018) Floral heterochrony promotes flexibility of reproductive strategies in the morphologically homogeneous genus<em> Eugenia</em> (Myrtaceae). <em>Annals of Botany</em> 121: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcx142</p>