Abstract
A new species of Hornschuchia (Bocageeae, Annonaceae) is described from seasonal semideciduous forests in the Brazilian state of Bahia. Hornschuchia mediterranea resembles H. lianarum in its solitary, internodal flowers with a deeply cup-shaped calyx. However, H. mediterranea has glabrous and shiny leaves, a sericeous calyx, and free petals that are white in bud, while H. lianarum has coarser and denser pubescence of the leaves and calyx, and connate petals that are orange-cream in bud.