Austronea (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new genus from southern Africa, including the description of seven new species

MARIO MARTÍNEZ-AZORÍN; MANUEL B. CRESPO; MARÍA ÁNGELES ALONSO-VARGAS; ANTHONY P. DOLD; MICHAEL PINTER; WOLFGANG WETSCHNIG

doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.365.2.1

Issue: Vol. 365 No. 2: 21 August 2018

Type: Article

Published: 2018-08-21

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.365.2.1

Page range: 101–129

Abstract views: 27

PDF downloaded: 1

Austronea (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new genus from southern Africa, including the description of seven new species

MARIO MARTÍNEZ-AZORÍN⁺⁻
MANUEL B. CRESPO⁺⁻
MARÍA ÁNGELES ALONSO-VARGAS⁺⁻
ANTHONY P. DOLD⁺⁻
MICHAEL PINTER⁺⁻
WOLFGANG WETSCHNIG⁺⁻

dCARN (Depto. Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales) y CIBIO (Instituto Universitario de la Biodiversidad), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain

Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa

Institute of Biology, Division Plant Sciences, NAWI Graz, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria

Monocots Hyacinthaceae distribution ecology nomenclature taxonomy Urgineoideae

Requires Subscription or Fee PDF (29MB)

Abstract

As part of a taxonomic revision of Urgineeae, combining morphological and genetic data from numerous samples from a large range of its distribution, here we describe Austronea, a new genus from South Africa and southern Namibia. This genus is related to Fusifilum based on general inflorescence and flower morphology, but it differs from it by the leaves usually leathery and sometimes thickened; the capitate to subcorymbose raceme commonly nodding at early developing stages; the reddish to green-yellowish tepals, rarely white (see flower buds), which are usually connate at the base to form a distinct cup and patent free lobes, rarely tepals nearly free from the base; the filaments linear to lanceolate, smooth or rarely papillate below; and the ovary green to yellow-orange. These differences are also supported by our genetic studies (not shown) in which Fusifilum and Austronea form two well supported sister clades. Seven new species of Austronea are described from South Africa and Namibia and 11 new combinations in the genus are presented. An identification key is provided for all 18 accepted species in the new genus.

References

Adamson, R.S. (1942) Some peninsula species of Urginea. Journal of South African Botany 8: 237–242.Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 399–436. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.xAngiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.xAngiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385Baker, J.G. (1880) Notes on a collection of flowering plants made by L. Kitching, Esq., in Madagascar in 1979. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 18: 264–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1881.tb01257.xBaker, J.G. (1892) Liliaceae novae Africae australis herbarii regii Berolinensis. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 15: 4–8.Baker, J.G. (1897) Liliaceae. In: Thiselton-Dyer, W.T. (Ed.) Flora Capensis 6. Reeve and Co., London, pp. 253–525.Brink, E. & Dold, A.P. (2003) Drimia acarophylla (Hyacinthaceae), a new species from Eastern Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 69: 396–400. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30322-7">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30322-7</a>Chase, M.W., Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009) A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 132–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.xCompton, R.H. (1930) Novitates Africanae. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign, London 68: 102–107.Crouch, N.R. & Martínez-Azorín, M. (2015) Drimia edwardsii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new urgineoid species from the Mkhomazi River Valley of eastern South Africa. Phytotaxa 195 (2): 135–144. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.195.2.2Dold, A.P. & Brink, E. (2004) Drimia chalumnensis (Hyacinthaceae-Urgineoideae), a new species from Eastern Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 70: 631–634. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30202-7">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30202-7</a>Duthie, A.V. (1928) Contribution to our knowledge of the Stellenbosch Flora. The species of Urginea of the Stellenbosch flats. Annale van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch 6, Sect. A, 2: 3–16.Ecklon, C.F. (1827) Topographisches Verzeichniss der Pflanzensammlung von C. F. Ecklon. Steudel & Hochstetter’s Botanische Reise-Verein, Esslingen, 44 pp.Goldblatt, P., Manning, J.C. & Forest, F. (2012) A review of chromosome cytology in Hyacinthaceae subfamilies Urgineoideae and Hyacinthoideae (tribes Hyacintheae, Massonieae, Pseudoprospereae) in sub-Saharan Africa. South African Journal of Botany 83: 134–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2012.07.023Harvey, W.H. (1844) Litanthus, a new genus of Asphodeleae from South Africa. The London Journal of Botany 3: 314–315.Hilliard, O.M. & Burtt, B.L. (1982) Notes on some plants of Southern Africa chiefly from Natal: IX. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 40: 247–298.Hooker, W.J. (1863) Ornithogalum capitatum. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 88: t. 5388.Huber, H. (1969) Die Samenmerkmale und Verwandtschaftsverhaltnisse der Liliifloren. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München 8: 219–538.Jacquin, N.J. (1795) Icones plantarum rariorum 2 (16). C.F. Wappler, Vindobonae [Wien], 255 pp.Jacquin, N.J. (1797) Observationes botanicae DXIX–DCLXXI. Collectaneorum Supplementum 5. Officina Wappleriana, Vindobonae [Wien], 220 pp.Jacquin, J.F. (1812) Eclogae plantarum rariorum aut minus cognitarum 1(3-4). Strauss, Wien, 20 pl.Jessop, J.P. (1977) Studies in the bulbous Liliaceae in South Africa 7. The Taxonomy of Drimia and certain allied genera. Journal of South African Botany 43: 265–319.Kunth, C.S. (1843) Enumeratio Plantarum omnium hucusque cognitarum secundum familias naturales disposita adjectis characteribus, differentiis et synonymis, vol 4. Sumtibus J.G. Cottae, Stutgardiae et Tubingae [Stuttgart et Tübingen], 752 pp.Leistner, O.A. & Morris, J.W. (1976) Southern African place names. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museum 12: 1–565.Lindley, J. (1830) Drimia villosa. Edwards’s botanical register 16: t. 1346.Maire, R. (1938) Contributions à l’étude de la Flore de l’Afrique du Nord. Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de l’Afrique du Nord 29: 403–458.Manning, J.C. & Goldblatt, P. (2003) A new species and new combinations in Drimia (Urgineoideae) Bothalia 33: 109–111. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v33i1.2299Manning, J.C. & Goldblatt, P. (2007) New species of Drimia (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) allied to Drimia marginata from Western and Northern Cape, South Africa. Bothalia 37: 183–187. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v37i1.313Manning J.C., Goldblatt, P. & Fay, M.F. (2004) A revised generic synopsis of Hyacinthaceae in Sub-Saharan Africa, based on molecular evidence, including new combinations and the new tribe Pseudoprospereae. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 60: 533–568.Martínez-Azorín, M. & Crespo, M.B. (2014) Validation of several species names in Hyacinthaceae. Taxon 63: 1327–1334. https://doi.org/10.12705/636.21Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B. & Juan, A. (2007) Taxonomic revision of Ornithogalum subg. Cathissa (Salisb.) Baker (Hyacinthaceae). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 64: 7–25. https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2007.v64.i1.47Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B. & Juan, A. (2009) Taxonomic revision of Ornithogalum subg. Beryllis (Hyacinthaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. Belgian Journal of Botany 142: 140–162.Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B., Juan, A. & Fay, M.F. (2011) Molecular phylogenetics of subfamily Ornithogaloideae (Hyacinthaceae) based on nuclear and plastid DNA regions, including a new taxonomic arrangement. Annals of Botany 107: 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcq207Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B. & Dold , A.P. (2013a) Drimia cochlearis (Hyacinthaceae), a new species from South Africa. Systematic Botany 38: 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666831Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B., Dold, A.P., Wetschnig, W., Pinter, M., Pfosser, M., & van Jaarsveld, E. (2013b) Sagittanthera (Hyacinthaceae, Urgineoideae), a new buzz pollinated genus from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Phytotaxa 98 (2): 43–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.98.2.2Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B., Dold, A.P., Pinter, M. & Wetschnig, W. (2015) New combinations and lectotype designations in Asparagaceae subfam. Scilloideae. Phytotaxa 201 (2): 165–171. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.201.2.7Martínez-Azorín, M., Dold, A.P. & Crespo, M.B. (2016) Drimia trichophylla (Hyacinthaceae, Urgineoideae), a new species from the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Systematic Botany 41: 944–949. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416X694044Martínez-Azorín, M. Crespo, M.B., Pinter, M. & Wetschnig, W. (2017) Aulostemon (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new genus from South Africa. Phytotaxa 321 (3): 287–293. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.321.3.6Martínez-Azorín, M. Crespo, M.B., Pinter, M., Slade, J.M. & Wetschnig, W. (2018) Iosanthus (Hyacinthaceae subfam. Urgineoideae), a new genus from southern Africa to include Ornithogalum toxicarium and its removal from Ornithogaloideae. Plant Biosystems. [in press]Mucina, L. & Rutherford M.C. (Eds.) (2006) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 807 pp.Müller-Doblies, U., Tang, J. & Müller-Doblies, D. (2001) A revision of the genus Fusifilum Raf. 1837 (Hyacinthaceae of Southern Africa) 1. Ten new species in the genus Fusifilum vel prodromus Fusifili revisionis. Feddes Repertorium 112: 473–497. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4921120708Obermeyer, A.A. (1980) A new subgenus Rhadamanthopsis and two new species of Rhadamanthus. Bothalia 13: 137–139.Pinter, M., Crespo, M.B., Ilg, I., Luidold, A.K., Martínez-Azorín, M., Müller-Doblies, U., Müller-Doblies, D., Pfosser, M. & Wetschnig, W. (2013) Mucinaea (Hyacinthaceae-Urgineoideae), a remarkable new genus from Namaqualand (Northern Cape Province, South Africa). Phyton 53: 289–304.Pfosser, M. & Speta, F. (1999) Phylogenetics of Hyacinthaceae based on plastid DNA sequences. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86: 852–875. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666172Pfosser, M. & Speta, F. (2001) Bufadienolides and DNA sequences: on lumping and smashing of subfamily Urgineoideae (Hyacinthaceae). Stapfia 75: 177–250.Pfosser, M. & Speta, F. (2004) From Scilla to Charybdis–is our voyage safer now? Plant Systematics and Evolution 246: 245–263.Pfosser, M., Knirsch, W., Pinter, M., Ali, S., Dutta, S. & Wetschnig, W. (2012) Phylogenetic relationships of Malagasy Hyacinthaceae. Plant Ecology and Evolution 145: 65–72. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2012.590Rafinesque, C.S. (1837) Flora Telluriana 3. H. Probasco, Philadelphia, PA, 100 pp.Salisbury, R.A. (1866) The genera of plants: a fragment containing part of Liriogamae. John van Voorst, London, 143 pp.Schlechter, F.R.R. (1897) Decades plantarum novarum austro-africanarum. Journal of botany: British and Foreign 35: 428–433.Snijman, D.A. & Harrower, A.D. (2009) A new species of Drimia (Urgineoideae) from the Knersvlakte, Western Cape, South Africa. Bothalia 39: 233–237.Speta, F. (1998a) Hyacinthaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) The families and genera of vascular plants 3. Springer, Berlin, pp. 261–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_35Speta, F. (1998b) Systematische Analyse der Gattung Scilla L. s.l. (Hyacinthaceae). Phyton (Horn) 38: 1–141.Stearn, W.T. (1978) Mediterranean and Indian species of Drimia (Liliaceae) a nomenclatual survey with special reference to the medicinal squill, D. maritima (syn. Urginea maritima). Annales Musei Goulandris 4: 199–210.Stedje, B. (1987) A revision of the genus Drimia (Hyacinthaceae) in East Africa. Nordic Journal of Botany 7: 655–666. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1987.tb02034.xSteinheil, A. (1834) Note sur le genre Urginea nouvellement formé dans la famille des Liliacées. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, Sér. 2, 1: 321–332.Tang, J. & Weiglin, C. (2001) Urginea ecklonii Baker clarified and Fusifilum emdeorum sp. nova (Hyacinthaceae of South Africa). Feddes Repertorium 112: 499–508. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4921120709Thiers, B. (2018) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 31 January 2018)Thunberg, C.P. (1794) Prodromus plantarum Capensium: quas in promontorio Bonæ Spei Africes vol. 1. J. Edman, Uppsala, 84 pp.Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. [Regnum Vegetabile 159]. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein, 254 pp.Vlok, J. & Schutte-Vlok, A.L. (2010) Plants of the Klein Karoo. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, 568 pp.Wright, C.H. (1916) Diagnoses africanae: LXIX. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1916: 229–235. https://doi.org/10.2307/4114331