Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 693 No. 1: 11 Mar. 2025
Type: Article
Published: 2025-03-11
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.693.1.1
Page range: 1-32
Abstract views: 242
PDF downloaded: 17

Arachnandra, a new monotypic genus in Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) from the Atlantic Forest in Brazil

Collaborative Researcher, Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Research Associate, Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, USA.
Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Wien, Austria
Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Wien, Austria
Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Wien, Austria
Alcantarea Brazil DNA sequence phylogeny morphology new genus Stigmatodon Tillandsia Tillandsioideae Vriesea Vrieseinae Waltillia Monocots

Abstract

Arachnandra, a new monotypic genus of Bromeliaceae subtribe Vrieseinae, is described to accommodate a single intriguing species, Arachnandra drepanocarpa, formerly placed in either Tillandsia or Vriesea. This new genus is ecologically and morphologically distinct from the remaining genera of subfamily Tillandsioideae in its unique combination of characters including the lanceolate-acuminate sepals, petals distinctly appendaged, corolla with an open, fan blade-like shape, stamens prostrate on the corolla, pollen sulcus broad, smooth, without prominent ornamental elements, margins moderately distinct, stigma of the conduplicate-patent type, and seeds with a distinctly long basal appendaged and an inconspicuous apical one. Phylogenetic DNA sequence analyses indicate that the individuals of A. drepanocarpa form a highly supported monophyletic group in sister position to Vriesea s.str., with Vriesea and Arachnandra being sister to Stigmatodon, and all three being sister to the clade containing Alcantarea and Waltillia.

References

  1. Baker, J.G. (1888) Synopsis of Tillandsieae X. Journal of Botany, London, British and Foreign 26: 39–50.
  2. Baker, J.G. (1889) Handbook of the Bromeliaceae. Bell & Sons, London, 243 pp.
  3. Barfuss, M.H.J. (2012) Molecular studies in Bromeliaceae: Implications of plastid and nuclear DNA markers for phylogeny, biogeography, and character evolution with emphasis on a new classification of Tillandsioideae. University of Vienna, Vienna, 244 pp. Available from: http://othes.univie.ac.at/24037/ (accessed 15 March 2016)
  4. Barfuss, M.H.J., Samuel, R., Till, W. & Stuessy, T.F. (2005) Phylogenetic relationships in subfamily Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) based on DNA sequence data from seven plastid regions. American Journal of Botany 92: 337–351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.92.2.337
  5. Barfuss, M.H.J., Till, W., Leme, E.M.C., Pizón, J.P., Manzanares, J.M., Halbritter, H. Samuel, R. & Brown, G.K. (2016) Taxonomic revision of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae based on a multi-locus DNA sequence phylogeny and morphology. Phytotaxa 279: 1–97. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.279.1.1
  6. Benzing, D.H. (1980) The Biology of the Bromeliads. Mad River Press, California.
  7. Benzing, D.H. (2000) Bromeliaceae: profile of an adaptive radiation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 690 pp.
  8. Brown, G.K. & Gilmartin, A.J. (1984) Stigma structure and variation in Bromeliaceae–neglected taxonomic characters. Brittonia 36: 364–374. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2806597
  9. Brown, G.K. & Gilmartin, A.J. (1989) Stigma types in Bromeliaceae: a systematic survey. Systematic Botany 14: 110–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2419055
  10. Brown, G.K. & Terry, R.G. (1992) Petals appendages in Bromeliaceae. American Journal of Botany 79: 1051–1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2444915
  11. Carvalho, J.D.T., Ramírez-Morillo, I.M., Leme, E.M.C. & Mariath, J.E.A. (2024) The seed coat structure in Bromeliaceae Juss, (Poales): morphoanatomical diversity and insights into character evolution. The Botanical Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-024-09310-7
  12. Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) Article 9. Available from: https://www.cbd.int/convention/text (accessed 10 March 2025)
  13. Couto, D.R., Kessous, I.M., Neves, B., Paixão-Souza, B., Gomes, C.F., Barfuss, M.H.J., Salgueiro, F., Sá-Haiad, B. & Costa, A.F. (2022) Molecular Phylogenetics and Trait Evolution in Stigmatodon (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae), an Endemic Genus to Brazilian Rocky Outcrops. Systematic Botany 47: 347–362. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16512564801696
  14. Fidalgo, O. & Bononi, V.L.R. (1984) Técnicas de coleta, preservação e herborização de material botânico, Manual n° 4. Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, 62 pp.
  15. Givnish, T.J, Barfuss, M.H.J., Van Ee, B., Riina, R., Schulte, K., Horres, R., Gonsiska, P.A., Jabaily, R.S., Crayn, D.M., Smith, J.A.C., Winter, K., Brown, G.K., Evans, T.M., Holst, B.K., Luther, H.E., Till, W., Zizka, G., Berry, P.E. & Sytsma, K.J. (2011) Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography in Bromeliaceae: insights from an eight-locus plastid phylogeny. American Journal of Botany 98: 872–895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1000059
  16. Givnish, T.J., Barfuss, M.H.J., Van Ee, B, Riina, R., Schulte, K., Horres, R., Gonsiska, P.A., Jabaily, R.S., Crayn, D.M., Smith, J.A.C., Winter, K., Brown, G.K., Evans, T.M., Holst, B.K., Luther, H.E., Till, W., Zizka, G., Berry, P.E. & Sytsma, K.J. (2014) Adaptive radiation, correlated and contingent evolution, and net species diversification in Bromeliaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 71: 55–78.
  17. Gouda, E.J., Butcher, D. & Gouda, C.S. (2018 [continuously updated]) Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads, version 3. University Botanical Garden, Utrech. Available from: http://encyclopedia.florax.nl/ (accessed 5 March 2018)
  18. Grant, J.R. (1995) Bromelienstudien. The resurrection of Alcantarea and Werauhia, a new genus. Tropische und subtropische Pflanzenwelt 91: 1–57.
  19. Grisebach, A.H.R. (1864) Flora of the British West Indian Islands. L. Reeve, London. pp. 590–599.
  20. Halbritter, H. (1992) Morphologie und systematische Bedeutung des Pollens der Bromeliaceae. Grana 31: 197–212.
  21. Halbritter, H. (1998) Preparing living pollen material for scanning electron microscopy using 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) and critical-point drying. Biotechnic and Histochemistry 73: 137–143.
  22. Harms, H. (1929) Bromeliaceae novae III. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 10: 784–805.
  23. Harms, H. (1930) Bromeliaceae. In: Engler, H.G.A. & Prantl, K.A.E (Eds.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen. Ed. 2. Vol. 15a. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 65–159.
  24. Hesse, M., Halbritter, H., Zetter, R., Weber, M. Buchner, R., Frosch-Radivo, A. & Ulrich, S. (2009) Pollen Terminology, an illustrated Handbook. Springer, Vienna, 261 pp.
  25. Hooker, W.J. (1828) Tillandsia psittacina. Gaudy-Flowered Tillandsia. Botanical Magazine 55: t. 2841.
  26. International Union for the Conservation of Nature - IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, iv + 32 pp. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/red-list-documents (accessed 10 March 2018)
  27. Jussieu, A.L. de (1789) Genera plantarum :secundum ordines naturales disposita, juxta methodum in Horto regio parisiensi exaratam, anno M.DCC.LXXIV. Herissant, Paris, 498 pp.
  28. Kessous, I.M. & Costa, A.F. (2023) Novelties in “incertae sedis” Vriesea (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae): Redescriptions, new combinations and nomenclatural revision. Phytotaxa 585: 71–101. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.585.2.1
  29. Leme, E.M.C. (1995) Contribuição ao estudo da seção Xiphion (Vriesea) – I. Bromélia 2: 24–28.
  30. Leme, E.M.C. (1997) Contribuição ao estudo do gênero Alcantarea – II. Bromélia 4: 29–40.
  31. Leme, E.M.C. (1999) New species of Brazilian Bromeliaceae: a tribute to Lyman B. Smith. Harvard Papers in Botany 4: 135–168.
  32. Leme, E.M.C. (2007) Improving taxa and character sampling to support generic status of Alcantarea. Journal of the Bromeliad Society 57: 208–214.
  33. Leme, E.M.C., Couto, D.R., Kollmann, L.J.C. & Fraga, C.N. de (2022) Novelties in Stigmatodon (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae), a genus endemic to Brazil: three new species, one new combination, and two new stigma types. Phytotaxa 576: 233–249. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.576.3.1
  34. Leme, E.M.C., Halbritter, H. & Barfuss, M.H.J (2017a) Waltillia, a new monotypic genus in Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) arises from a rediscovered, allegedly extinct species from Brazil. Phytotaxa 299: 1–35. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.299.1.1
  35. Leme, E.M.C., Heller, S., Zizka, G. & Halbritter, H. (2017b) New circumscriptions of Cryptanthus and new Cryptanthoid genera and subgenera (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on neglected morphological traits and molecular phylogeny. Phytotaxa 318: 1–88. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.318.1.1
  36. Leme, E.M.C., Till, W., Kollmann, L.J.C., Moura, R.L. de & Ribeiro, O.B.C. (2014) Miscellaneous new species of Brazilian Bromeliaceae - III. Phytotaxa 177: 61–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.177.2.1
  37. Lindley, J. (1843) Vriesea psittacina, Parrot-flowered Vriesea. Edward’s Botanical Register 29: 9–11.
  38. Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiies specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas 1. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 560 pp.
  39. Machado, T.M. (2017) Aplicação de next generation sequencing na filogenia na subfamília Tillandsioideae e estudos taxonômicos no complexo Vriesea Itatiaiae. PhD thesis. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 98 pp.
  40. Machado, T.M., Loiseau, O., Paris, M., Weigand, A., Versieux, L.M., Stehmann, J.R., Lexer, C. & Salamin, N. (2020) Systematics of Vriesea (Bromeliaceae): Phylogenetic relationships based on nuclear gene and partial plastome sequences. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 192: 656–674.
  41. Mez, C. (1896) Bromeliaceae. In: de Candolle, C. (ed.) Monographiae phanerogamarum. Vol 9. Masson & Cie, Paris, pp. i–lxxvii, 1–990.
  42. Mez, C. (1935) Bromeliaceae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich, vol. 4 (32). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1–667.
  43. Morren, E. (1882) Description du Phytarrhiza monodelpha, sp. nov. La Belgique Horticole 32: 168.
  44. Palací, C.A., Brown, G.K. & Tuthill, D.E. (2004) The seeds of Catopsis (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae). Systematic Botany 29: 518–527.
  45. Pereira, E. (1974) Species novae in Brasilia bromeliacearum VII. Bradea 1: 437–446.
  46. Presl, C.B. (1827) Reliquiae Haenkeanae, seu, Descriptiones et icones plantarum: quas in America meridionali et boreali, in insulis Philippinis et Marianis collegit Thaddaeus Haenke, redegit et in ordinem digessit Carolus Bor. Presl. Cura Musei Bohemici 1: 123–125.
  47. Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
  48. Ruiz, H. & Pavon, J. (1802) Flora Peruviana, et Chilensis, sive descriptiones, et icones plantarum peruvianarum, et chilensium, secundum systema linnaeanum digestae, cum characteribus plurium generum evulgatorum reformatis. Tomus III. Grabielis de Sancha, Madrid, 95 pp.
  49. Scharf, U. & Gouda, E.J. (2008) Bringing Bromeliaceae back to homeland botany. Journal of the Bromeliad Society 58: 123–129.
  50. Smith, L.B. (1932) Studies in the Bromeliaceae, III. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 98: 3–40.
  51. Smith, L.B. (1935) Studies in the Bromeliaceae: VI. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 70: 147–220.
  52. Smith, L.B. (1955) The Bromeliaceae of Brazil. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection 126: 1–290.
  53. Smith, L.B. (1966) Notes on Bromeliaceae XXIII. Phytologia 13: 84–161.
  54. Smith, L.B. & Downs, R.J. (1974) Bromeliaceae (Pitcairnioideae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 14 (1): 1–662.
  55. Smith, L.B. & Downs, R.J. (1977) Bromeliaceae (Tillandsioideae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 14 (2): 663–1492.
  56. Smith, L.B. & Downs, R.J. (1979) Bromeliaceae (Bromelioideae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 14 (3): 1493–2142.
  57. Spencer, M.A. & Smith, L.B. (1993) Racinaea, a new genus of Bromeliaceae (Tillandsioideae). Phytologia 74: 151–160.
  58. Thiers, B. (2015 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 5 July 2015)
  59. Ule, E. (1907, ‘1906’) II. Beiträge zur Flora der Hylaea nach den Sammlungen von Ule’s Amazonas-Expedition. Verhandlungen des Botanischen Vereins der Provinz Brandenburg 48: 117–208.
  60. Ulloa Ulloa, C., Acevedo-Rodrigues, P., Beck, S., Belgrano, M.J., Bernal, R., Berry, P.E., Brako, L., Celis, M., Davidse, G., Forzza, R.C., Gradstein, S.R., Hokche, O., León, B., León-Yánez, S., Magill, R.E., Neill, D.A., Nee, M., Raven, P.H., Stimmel, H., Strong, M.T., Villaseñor, J.L., Zarucchi, J.L., Zuloaga, F.O. & Jorgensen, P.M. (2017) An integrated assessment of the vascular plant species of the Americas. Science 358: 1614–1617.
  61. Wawra, W. (1862) Oesterreichische botanische Zeitschrift; gemeinütziges Organ für Botanik 12: 347–349.

How to Cite

Leme, E.M.C., Till, W., Halbritter, H. & Barfuss, M.H.J. (2025) Arachnandra, a new monotypic genus in Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) from the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Phytotaxa 693: 1–32. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.693.1.1